中考復習策略20

　　 H?

　　 had better ?

　　 [誤] You have better hurry.?

　　 [正] You had better hurry.?

　　 [析] had better只用過去時had,不要誤用成現在時have。?

　　 [誤] You hadn't better worry.?

　　 [正] You had better not worry.?

　　 [析] had better后面加不帶to的不定式,其否定式是had better not+動詞原形。?

　　 half ?

　　 [誤] I had driven about half mile.?

　　 [正] I had driven about half a mile.?

　　 [析] 半小時有兩種講法half an hour, a half hour. 而一個半小時應講an hour and a half或one and a half hours.半天應講half a day,半鎊應講half a pound.但要盡量避免使用half a year,而應用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.?

　　 [誤] Half us could go to the park.?

　　 [正] Half of us could go to the park.?

　　 [析] half用于名詞前可用of結構也可不用of結構,但用于代詞前則必須加of。如:More than half (of) my classmates are boys.?

　　 [誤] One and half apples are left on the table.?

　　 [正] One and half apples is left on the table.?

　　 [析] 一個半one and half后面的名詞要用復數,而句中的謂語動詞卻要用單數。?

　　 [誤] Half of the work are done.?

　　 [正] Half of the work is done.?

　　 [誤] Half of the six apples is red.?

　　 [正] Half of the six apples are red.?

　　 [析] half of+名詞這一結構后面的謂語動詞應與of后面的名詞相一致,如為不可數名詞或可數名詞單數,要用單數謂語動詞;而復數名詞后面要加與復數相對應的謂語動詞。?

　　 hand ?

　　 [誤] He shook hand with his teacher.?

　　 [正] He shook hands with his teacher.?

　　 [析] 與某人握手要用shake hands. 與hand有關的詞組中有很多要用復數形式,如:change hands (轉手、易手),in the hands of (由控制),join hands (與人合作)。?

　　 happen ?

　　 [誤] What was happened to you last month??

　　 [正] What happened to you last month??

　　 [誤] An accident was happened in this street last night.?

　　 [正] An accident happened in this street last night.?

　　 [析] 在英語中不及物動詞沒有被動態,作為發生講的happen,take place和break out都不具有被動態。happen to常用來表達一件偶然發生的事,如:If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.?

　　 hard ?

　　 [誤] I have to study hardly.?

　　 [正] I have to study hard.?

　　 [析] hard是形容詞,如:a hard work,但它同時也是副詞。hardly是hard的又一副詞形式,但詞意截然不同,意為幾乎不。?

　　 [誤] I had my leg broken last term, so I couldn't hardly study at all.?

　　 [正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.?

　　 [析] hardly意為否定,所以不要再加否定詞語了,如果hardly用于句首則應采用倒裝語序,如:Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.?

　　 have ?

　　 [誤] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.?

　　 [正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.?

　　 [析] 用have somebody do something還是doing something要取決句子的意思和句中的時間狀語。?

　　 [誤] I have my bike to repair.?

　　 [正] I have my bike repaired.?

　　 [析] have something done這一句型是讓某事被別人去作,請看下面兩句意義的不同:I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行車。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把車推出去讓別人修理了。)?

　　 [誤] Could you give me some money if you have.?

　　 [正] Could you give me some money if you have any.?

　　 [析] 如果你有的話一句譯為英文應加上any一詞,如:I want some books if there is any.?

　　 headache ?

　　 [誤] I've got headache.?

　　 [正] I've got a headache.?

　　 [析] Headache是一個規則的可數名詞,所以可以講:My mother often gets headaches. 但是牙痛toothache,肚子痛stomache?ache等卻都可以用作不可數名詞,如:I've got toothache. 但也可用作可數名詞。?

　　 hear ?

　　 [誤] He was heard sing in the next room.?

　　 [正] He was heard to sing in the next room.?

　　 [析] hear somebody do something這一句式用于被動語態時要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hear somebody doing something這一句式中則不會出現上述問題。如,主動態:I heard her singing in the next room. 變為被動態時為:She was heard singing in the next room. 這種用法還適用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。?

　　 hear listen to ?

　　 hear一詞為聽見了什么,或聽到什么,強調其結果;而listen to則強調有意要聽,聽的傾向。如:I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.?

　　 但詞組hear about (of)則為聽說過之意,如:I heard about this. (我聽說過此事。)而hear from則為收到某人信件之意:I often hear from my girl friend.?

　　 help ?

　　 [誤] Please help my homework.?

　　 [正] Please help me do my homework.?

　　 [正] Please help me with my homework.?

　　 [析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為幫某人作某事,但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個動作,如:He help his mother cook the meal. 即他和母親一起作飯。而He help me to do my homework. 則是他指導我做作業。但在現代英語中這個區別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同,并無區別。?

　　 [誤] When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.?

　　 [正] When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.?

　　 [析] can't help doing something是身不由己,情不自禁做某事。?

　　 [誤] Help yourself with some cakes.?

　　 [正] Help yourself to some cakes.?

　　 [析] 中文中講你自己拿蛋糕吃,英文中要用help somebody to something.?

　　 here ?

　　 [誤] Here the bus comes!?

　　 [正] Here comes the bus!?

　　 [析] 副詞在句首時一般要用倒裝語序,即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是,若主語如是人稱代詞,則還是要用正常語序,如:Here we are!?

　　 high ?

　　 [誤] He is very high.?

　　 [正] He is very tall.?

　　 [析] 英語中的兩個高high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high則只指物體的高,所以可以講This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。?

　　 hit ?

　　 [誤] The mother got angry and hit the boy.?

　　 [正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.?

　　 [析] hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打擊,如He hit his head against the wall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。?

　　 home ?

　　 [誤] I'm tired. It's time I went to home.?

　　 [正] I'm tired. It's time I went home.?

　　 [析] home此處用作副詞,所以不應加to,又如:I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了在家之意外,還有像在家里一樣之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)?

　　 home house family ?

　　 home是指與親人一起居住的地方,可以講a letter from home,所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側重點則在建筑物,如Many new houses were built this year. family一詞,作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數,如:Her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時要用復數謂語動詞,如:My family are all like swimming.?

　　 homgwork ?

　　 [誤] I have so many homework to do today.?

　　 [正] I have so much homework go do today.?

　　 [析] homework為不可數名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為著作、作品、工廠講時為可數名詞),fun,health information等。?

　　 hope ?

　　 [誤] I hope you to be a good student.?

　　 [正] I hope you will be a good student.?

　　 [析] hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補足語,但它可以接不定式作賓語,如:I hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補足語,如:I wish you to be a good student.

　　 [誤] I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.?

　　 [正] I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.?

　　 [析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同,如我認為你錯了。應譯為:I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中我不這樣認為應譯為I don't think so.或I hope not. ?

　　 [誤] I hope your help.?

　　 [正] I hope for your help.?

　　 [析] hope for為期望某事發生,雖然hope是及物動詞,但表達期望某事情發生要用hope for+名詞這一結構。?

　　 [誤] I was hopeful to pass the exam.?

　　 [正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.?

　　 [析] 對某事存有希望應用hopeful of (about)+介詞賓語這一結構。?

　　 hospital ?

　　 [誤] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.?

　　 [正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.?

　　 [析] in hospital為住院就醫。而in (at) the hospital 為在醫院(工作)。如:He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多,如:上學為go to school,at school為在校就讀,go to bed為上床睡覺。?

　　 how ?

　　 [誤] I want to know how to do.?

　　 [正] I want to know how to do it.?

　　 [析] how 是關聯副詞,要注意與關聯代詞的不同用法。如:I want to know what to do.

　　 [誤] How do you think about it??

　　 [正] What do you think about it??

　　 [析] 英文中表達你對某事的看法如何應用What do you think about這一句式。?

　　 hurry ?

　　 [誤] Let's hurry. There is a little time left.?

　　 [正] Let's hurry. There is little time left.?

　　 [誤] Don't worry. There is little time left.?

　　 [正] Don't worry. There is a little time left.?

　　 [析] 請注意英語中的慣用法:快點吧,沒時間了,或別著急還有一點時間。?

　　 [誤] The car is hurrying through the street.?

　　 [正] The car is rushing throught the street.?

　　 [析] hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。?

　　 hundred ?

　　 [誤] There are two hundreds people here.?

　　 [正] There are two hundred people here.?

　　 [誤] There are hundred of people here.?

　　 [正] There are hundreds of people here.?

　　 [析] hundred一詞前如有數字時不論多少其后都不加?s,這和thousand(千)等數量詞的用法一樣,而hundreds of是數百的,這一詞組一定要加?s.?

　　 hurt ?

　　 [誤] I don't want to wound her feelings.?

　　 [正] I don't want to hurt her feelings.?

　　 [析] wound是指戰場上的刀槍傷(名詞),或用刀槍傷害、打傷(動詞)。

　　-

　　中考復習策略20

　　 H?

　　 had better ?

　　 [誤] You have better hurry.?

　　 [正] You had better hurry.?

　　 [析] had better只用過去時had,不要誤用成現在時have。?

　　 [誤] You hadn't better worry.?

　　 [正] You had better not worry.?

　　 [析] had better后面加不帶to的不定式,其否定式是had better not+動詞原形。?

　　 half ?

　　 [誤] I had driven about half mile.?

　　 [正] I had driven about half a mile.?

　　 [析] 半小時有兩種講法half an hour, a half hour. 而一個半小時應講an hour and a half或one and a half hours.半天應講half a day,半鎊應講half a pound.但要盡量避免使用half a year,而應用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.?

　　 [誤] Half us could go to the park.?

　　 [正] Half of us could go to the park.?

　　 [析] half用于名詞前可用of結構也可不用of結構,但用于代詞前則必須加of。如:More than half (of) my classmates are boys.?

　　 [誤] One and half apples are left on the table.?

　　 [正] One and half apples is left on the table.?

　　 [析] 一個半one and half后面的名詞要用復數,而句中的謂語動詞卻要用單數。?

　　 [誤] Half of the work are done.?

　　 [正] Half of the work is done.?

　　 [誤] Half of the six apples is red.?

　　 [正] Half of the six apples are red.?

　　 [析] half of+名詞這一結構后面的謂語動詞應與of后面的名詞相一致,如為不可數名詞或可數名詞單數,要用單數謂語動詞;而復數名詞后面要加與復數相對應的謂語動詞。?

　　 hand ?

　　 [誤] He shook hand with his teacher.?

　　 [正] He shook hands with his teacher.?

　　 [析] 與某人握手要用shake hands. 與hand有關的詞組中有很多要用復數形式,如:change hands (轉手、易手),in the hands of (由控制),join hands (與人合作)。?

　　 happen ?

　　 [誤] What was happened to you last month??

　　 [正] What happened to you last month??

　　 [誤] An accident was happened in this street last night.?

　　 [正] An accident happened in this street last night.?

　　 [析] 在英語中不及物動詞沒有被動態,作為發生講的happen,take place和break out都不具有被動態。happen to常用來表達一件偶然發生的事,如:If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.?

　　 hard ?

　　 [誤] I have to study hardly.?

　　 [正] I have to study hard.?

　　 [析] hard是形容詞,如:a hard work,但它同時也是副詞。hardly是hard的又一副詞形式,但詞意截然不同,意為幾乎不。?

　　 [誤] I had my leg broken last term, so I couldn't hardly study at all.?

　　 [正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.?

　　 [析] hardly意為否定,所以不要再加否定詞語了,如果hardly用于句首則應采用倒裝語序,如:Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.?

　　 have ?

　　 [誤] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.?

　　 [正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.?

　　 [析] 用have somebody do something還是doing something要取決句子的意思和句中的時間狀語。?

　　 [誤] I have my bike to repair.?

　　 [正] I have my bike repaired.?

　　 [析] have something done這一句型是讓某事被別人去作,請看下面兩句意義的不同:I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行車。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把車推出去讓別人修理了。)?

　　 [誤] Could you give me some money if you have.?

　　 [正] Could you give me some money if you have any.?

　　 [析] 如果你有的話一句譯為英文應加上any一詞,如:I want some books if there is any.?

　　 headache ?

　　 [誤] I've got headache.?

　　 [正] I've got a headache.?

　　 [析] Headache是一個規則的可數名詞,所以可以講:My mother often gets headaches. 但是牙痛toothache,肚子痛stomache?ache等卻都可以用作不可數名詞,如:I've got toothache. 但也可用作可數名詞。?

　　 hear ?

　　 [誤] He was heard sing in the next room.?

　　 [正] He was heard to sing in the next room.?

　　 [析] hear somebody do something這一句式用于被動語態時要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hear somebody doing something這一句式中則不會出現上述問題。如,主動態:I heard her singing in the next room. 變為被動態時為:She was heard singing in the next room. 這種用法還適用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。?

　　 hear listen to ?

　　 hear一詞為聽見了什么,或聽到什么,強調其結果;而listen to則強調有意要聽,聽的傾向。如:I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.?

　　 但詞組hear about (of)則為聽說過之意,如:I heard about this. (我聽說過此事。)而hear from則為收到某人信件之意:I often hear from my girl friend.?

　　 help ?

　　 [誤] Please help my homework.?

　　 [正] Please help me do my homework.?

　　 [正] Please help me with my homework.?

　　 [析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為幫某人作某事,但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個動作,如:He help his mother cook the meal. 即他和母親一起作飯。而He help me to do my homework. 則是他指導我做作業。但在現代英語中這個區別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同,并無區別。?

　　 [誤] When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.?

　　 [正] When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.?

　　 [析] can't help doing something是身不由己,情不自禁做某事。?

　　 [誤] Help yourself with some cakes.?

　　 [正] Help yourself to some cakes.?

　　 [析] 中文中講你自己拿蛋糕吃,英文中要用help somebody to something.?

　　 here ?

　　 [誤] Here the bus comes!?

　　 [正] Here comes the bus!?

　　 [析] 副詞在句首時一般要用倒裝語序,即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是,若主語如是人稱代詞,則還是要用正常語序,如:Here we are!?

　　 high ?

　　 [誤] He is very high.?

　　 [正] He is very tall.?

　　 [析] 英語中的兩個高high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high則只指物體的高,所以可以講This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。?

　　 hit ?

　　 [誤] The mother got angry and hit the boy.?

　　 [正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.?

　　 [析] hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打擊,如He hit his head against the wall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。?

　　 home ?

　　 [誤] I'm tired. It's time I went to home.?

　　 [正] I'm tired. It's time I went home.?

　　 [析] home此處用作副詞,所以不應加to,又如:I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了在家之意外,還有像在家里一樣之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)?

　　 home house family ?

　　 home是指與親人一起居住的地方,可以講a letter from home,所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側重點則在建筑物,如Many new houses were built this year. family一詞,作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數,如:Her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時要用復數謂語動詞,如:My family are all like swimming.?

　　 homgwork ?

　　 [誤] I have so many homework to do today.?

　　 [正] I have so much homework go do today.?

　　 [析] homework為不可數名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為著作、作品、工廠講時為可數名詞),fun,health information等。?

　　 hope ?

　　 [誤] I hope you to be a good student.?

　　 [正] I hope you will be a good student.?

　　 [析] hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補足語,但它可以接不定式作賓語,如:I hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補足語,如:I wish you to be a good student.

　　 [誤] I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.?

　　 [正] I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.?

　　 [析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同,如我認為你錯了。應譯為:I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中我不這樣認為應譯為I don't think so.或I hope not. ?

　　 [誤] I hope your help.?

　　 [正] I hope for your help.?

　　 [析] hope for為期望某事發生,雖然hope是及物動詞,但表達期望某事情發生要用hope for+名詞這一結構。?

　　 [誤] I was hopeful to pass the exam.?

　　 [正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.?

　　 [析] 對某事存有希望應用hopeful of (about)+介詞賓語這一結構。?

　　 hospital ?

　　 [誤] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.?

　　 [正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.?

　　 [析] in hospital為住院就醫。而in (at) the hospital 為在醫院(工作)。如:He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多,如:上學為go to school,at school為在校就讀,go to bed為上床睡覺。?

　　 how ?

　　 [誤] I want to know how to do.?

　　 [正] I want to know how to do it.?

　　 [析] how 是關聯副詞,要注意與關聯代詞的不同用法。如:I want to know what to do.

　　 [誤] How do you think about it??

　　 [正] What do you think about it??

　　 [析] 英文中表達你對某事的看法如何應用What do you think about這一句式。?

　　 hurry ?

　　 [誤] Let's hurry. There is a little time left.?

　　 [正] Let's hurry. There is little time left.?

　　 [誤] Don't worry. There is little time left.?

　　 [正] Don't worry. There is a little time left.?

　　 [析] 請注意英語中的慣用法:快點吧,沒時間了,或別著急還有一點時間。?

　　 [誤] The car is hurrying through the street.?

　　 [正] The car is rushing throught the street.?

　　 [析] hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。?

　　 hundred ?

　　 [誤] There are two hundreds people here.?

　　 [正] There are two hundred people here.?

　　 [誤] There are hundred of people here.?

　　 [正] There are hundreds of people here.?

　　 [析] hundred一詞前如有數字時不論多少其后都不加?s,這和thousand(千)等數量詞的用法一樣,而hundreds of是數百的,這一詞組一定要加?s.?

　　 hurt ?

　　 [誤] I don't want to wound her feelings.?

　　 [正] I don't want to hurt her feelings.?

　　 [析] wound是指戰場上的刀槍傷(名詞),或用刀槍傷害、打傷(動詞)。

　　-