雅思閱讀判斷題的判斷標準探討
Reading Passage 1
1.
題干：The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.
原文：In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage......
分析：ignored與coverage矛盾，文章表達了媒體關注了雨林，而題干的表達卻是忽視，二者相矛盾，因此為錯誤。
5.
題干：The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as are there any rainforests in Africa?
原文：Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.
分析：題干中說的是一般疑問句的提問方式，而文章中給出的信息是five open-form questions，意思為特殊疑問詞提問的問題，相矛盾，鼓為錯誤。
Academic Test 2
Reading Passage 1
10.
題干：The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.
原文：Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000 have feweer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.
分析：文章中給出的信息看出，Navajo is considered endangered可以和The Navajo language will die out對應，但是文章中說的Navajo給出它有150,000個說話的人，從數量上來說并不少，而題干中說it currently has too few speakers相矛盾，故為錯誤。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
9.
題干：Any street child can set up their own small business if give enough support.
原文：Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child.
分析：題干中說任何街道兒童都有機會建立他們自己的小生意，而原文中說成為企業家并不是每個人能做，也并不是每一個街道兒童能做，二者表述相互矛盾。
11.
題干：Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.
原文：The loan amount in S.K.I programs has generally ranged from US30-100.
分析：文章中給出信息貸款數量是可以變化的，但題干中的fixed loan是固定貸款的意思，相互矛盾。
從以上的例子中可以看出，命題表達中至少會有一個考點需要做出判斷，無論其他考點怎樣，只要我們能從中找出一個考點是錯誤的，那么該命題就是錯誤的。
最后，我們來看看NOT GIVEN的判斷標準：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯誤的前提之下，至少有一個考點詞匯文章沒有提到相關內容。從表述中可以看出，被判斷的命題中，首先不能有錯誤的成分存在，因為只要出現了錯誤點，那么該命題就是FALSE/NO了。只有在沒有錯誤點出現的情況下，至少有一個考點文章中沒有提到，那么該命題就可以被判斷為NOT GIVEN。而在考試中，有一種NOT GIVEN情況很好判斷，就是全文沒有找到相關內容，那么就可以直接下結論了。看看下面的例子：
Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
6.
題干：Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.
原文：More girls than boys raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitatsmore girls than boys said that rainforests provided human habitats.
分析：從原文的表達中可以找到題干的部分信息Girls are more likely than boys，但是后半部分信息在文章中沒有出現，所以該命題為NOT GIVEN。
8.
題干：A second study has been planned to investigate primary school childrens ideas about rainforests.
原文：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children
分析：從題干和原文的表述中可以看出，二者并不存在對應關系，所以答案為NOT GIVEN。
Academic Test 2
Reading Passage 2
21.
題干：Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.
原文：Part of the incentive was financial, Dr. Laver said.The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.
分析：題干中的關鍵點在于中醫的工資比其他醫生要高，而原文只陳述了從事中醫這一行的人很多是商人，他們為了能留住顧客，也想提供同樣的服務，但并不能得出結論說中醫就比其他醫生工資高的結論，二者表述不相關，答案為NOT GIVEN。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
10.
題干：In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.
原文：There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program
分析：題干中提到家庭需要獲得財政資助，但是文章中只是談到說能有父母或者監護人的參與會有很多好處，并沒有提到說家庭需要財政資助的問題，二者并不相關，所以為NOT GIVEN。
從這些例子中可以看出，在判斷中，只要命題中沒有錯誤信息出現，而同時又有考點在文章中找不到匹配的信息，那么該命題的答案就是NOT GIVEN。
Reading Passage 1
1.
題干：The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media.
原文：In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage......
分析：ignored與coverage矛盾，文章表達了媒體關注了雨林，而題干的表達卻是忽視，二者相矛盾，因此為錯誤。
5.
題干：The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as are there any rainforests in Africa?
原文：Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions.
分析：題干中說的是一般疑問句的提問方式，而文章中給出的信息是five open-form questions，意思為特殊疑問詞提問的問題，相矛盾，鼓為錯誤。
Academic Test 2
Reading Passage 1
10.
題干：The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.
原文：Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000 have feweer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.
分析：文章中給出的信息看出，Navajo is considered endangered可以和The Navajo language will die out對應，但是文章中說的Navajo給出它有150,000個說話的人，從數量上來說并不少，而題干中說it currently has too few speakers相矛盾，故為錯誤。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
9.
題干：Any street child can set up their own small business if give enough support.
原文：Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child.
分析：題干中說任何街道兒童都有機會建立他們自己的小生意，而原文中說成為企業家并不是每個人能做，也并不是每一個街道兒童能做，二者表述相互矛盾。
11.
題干：Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.
原文：The loan amount in S.K.I programs has generally ranged from US30-100.
分析：文章中給出信息貸款數量是可以變化的，但題干中的fixed loan是固定貸款的意思，相互矛盾。
從以上的例子中可以看出，命題表達中至少會有一個考點需要做出判斷，無論其他考點怎樣，只要我們能從中找出一個考點是錯誤的，那么該命題就是錯誤的。
最后，我們來看看NOT GIVEN的判斷標準：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯誤的前提之下，至少有一個考點詞匯文章沒有提到相關內容。從表述中可以看出，被判斷的命題中，首先不能有錯誤的成分存在，因為只要出現了錯誤點，那么該命題就是FALSE/NO了。只有在沒有錯誤點出現的情況下，至少有一個考點文章中沒有提到，那么該命題就可以被判斷為NOT GIVEN。而在考試中，有一種NOT GIVEN情況很好判斷，就是全文沒有找到相關內容，那么就可以直接下結論了。看看下面的例子：
Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
6.
題干：Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.
原文：More girls than boys raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitatsmore girls than boys said that rainforests provided human habitats.
分析：從原文的表達中可以找到題干的部分信息Girls are more likely than boys，但是后半部分信息在文章中沒有出現，所以該命題為NOT GIVEN。
8.
題干：A second study has been planned to investigate primary school childrens ideas about rainforests.
原文：One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children
分析：從題干和原文的表述中可以看出，二者并不存在對應關系，所以答案為NOT GIVEN。
Academic Test 2
Reading Passage 2
21.
題干：Alternative therapists earn higher salaries than doctors.
原文：Part of the incentive was financial, Dr. Laver said.The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.
分析：題干中的關鍵點在于中醫的工資比其他醫生要高，而原文只陳述了從事中醫這一行的人很多是商人，他們為了能留住顧客，也想提供同樣的服務，但并不能得出結論說中醫就比其他醫生工資高的結論，二者表述不相關，答案為NOT GIVEN。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
10.
題干：In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.
原文：There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program
分析：題干中提到家庭需要獲得財政資助，但是文章中只是談到說能有父母或者監護人的參與會有很多好處，并沒有提到說家庭需要財政資助的問題，二者并不相關，所以為NOT GIVEN。
從這些例子中可以看出，在判斷中，只要命題中沒有錯誤信息出現，而同時又有考點在文章中找不到匹配的信息，那么該命題的答案就是NOT GIVEN。
