寫作進階提升之六

　　寫作進階提升 ——書面表達常見錯誤及對策 常見錯誤有以下幾個方面：

　　1.審題錯誤

　　抓不住文章的所要寫的要點 例文 （1）中國學生通常過生日的方式，如生日聚會、生日禮物、生日祝福等；（2）我認為有意義的慶祝方式以及這樣做的目的或理由。

　　Chinese Birthday

　　First let me show you something about the Chinese birthday. Usually it includes three parts: party, gift and good rewards. On the birthday, we often wear our favorite clothes , which makes us very happy. We also will organize a birthday party in the evening. At the party, we’ll prepare lots of delicious foods, especially the birthday cake. Then we will eat the cake. We sing and dance together. At last, we’ll take the gift to the person who was born on that day. In the gift there will be a card, on which are our best wishes. 2.格式錯誤

　　不熟悉常見應用文的格式

　　需要熟練掌握的應用文有：書信、日記、通知（分書面通知和口頭通知） Receiver’s address Date Dear …, Body of the letter… Sincerely/Truly Yours, Writer’s name Saturday, February 14th. 2007, Sunny

　　The body of the your diary… Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? / Attention please, everyone.

　　……… That’s all. Thank you! 口頭通知 書面通知

　　Notice

　　……

　　Student’s Union

　　3. 詞法錯誤 1)用詞重復 如：return back; repeat again; Chinese students in China have our own way to celebrate birthday. 2) 用詞不當 如：把bring寫成“take”，“get”，“fetch”等 把歡迎某人到我校寫成welcome you to visit our school 正確的說法是：You are welcome to visit our school.或Welcome to our school.

　　3)詞性混淆 A.不及物動詞當成及物動詞： 例如：is happened / is belonged to/ come (to) the city/ return (to) the place B.把形容詞用作動詞如： 例如：This will happy the foreign visitors.

　　Please ready a small gift.

　　C.不可數名詞用成可數名詞： 例如:make a great progress

　　what a fine weather day!

　　D.形容詞和副詞的使用錯誤 例如：work hardly

　　talk friendly

　　Don’t take it serious. 4）虛詞錯誤 A.冠詞的漏用和誤用 例如：Send him a email. B.介詞使用錯誤 例如：They had to wait the bus under the hot sun. under the sun:普天之下 5）拼寫錯誤 把禮物present寫成peasant –parents, pleasant, 如把present寫成parents那行文就成了please bring along your small parents for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up. sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.

　　注意同形詞:model-medal-mental-metal

　　effort-effect-offer-affect

　　abroad-board-broad-aboard

　　strict-strike-stick 注意易拼錯單詞：modern, government, destroy, true, official等

　　4. 句法錯誤 1）連詞錯誤 如：because 與 so; although/though 與 but同時使用。或兩個句子之間沒有連詞，如：He likes English, I like Maths. 2) 漢式英語 如：“晚會將在主樓花園頂上舉行。”寫成” The party will in the main building roof garden held.”

　　“操場上有五個學生在踢足球。”寫成 “On the playground there are five students play football.” 把There will be a party寫成There will have a party. 3）句子前后不一致 學生常常容易在文章中的時態、語態、人稱、主謂一致出現錯誤。 如：The place can solve the problem.

　　The book was disappeared last week.

　　Mr Smith, with his wife, have arrived in Shanghai.

　　I will go to visit you as soon as I will return to China.

　　You should work hard. If not, we will fail to pass the exam. 四．對策 １．詞匯是保證，語法是基礎，句型是關鍵 ２．如何寫好句子

　　寫好句子有許多方法和技巧，談談句子的基本結構及與漢語的一些區別。 A.確定主語

　　英語句子無論多長都有自己的主語（祈使句除外）。動手寫句子首先要確定主語，其次要特別注意漢語與英語的區別。其中幾點請學生注意： A.漢語中的主語不一定是英文中的主語。 例如： 北京八月多雨。英文中不說“Beijing rains much in August.”而說“It rains much in Beijing in August.” 英文中主謂語有時需要倒裝，漢語則不需要。例如： Only then did I realize how important it is to study English

　　B.動詞是關鍵

　　英文中沒有動詞就構不成句子，但英語動詞千變萬化，稍不注意就會寫錯句子。在寫句子時應特別注意以下幾個方面。 注意及物與不及物動詞的正確運用。 注意非延續性動詞的用法。 注意一些不可用作被動語態的動詞。 注意一些動詞的特殊用法。 注意那些漢譯意思相同實際用法不同的詞。 注意動詞的時態及時態的一致。 注意部分常用動詞及動詞詞組的辨異，否則，差之毫厘，謬以千里，以下是一些容易混淆的動詞詞組。

　　be tired of 因……煩惱

　　be tired from 因……感到累

　　wear 穿（狀態）put on 穿（動作） be compared with 與……比較

　　be compared to 把……比作

　　be made from 由……制作（改變本質） be made up of 由……構成 be made of 由……制成(不改變本質) find 找（結果）look for 找（動作） look at 看（動作）

　　see 看（結果）

　　be used to 習慣于

　　used to 過去常常

　　1） “啟”---創造良好開端 常用表達 “啟”的過渡詞語和詞組有: in the first place, first of all, firstly, generally speaking, to start with, to begin with等。

　　常用表達 “啟”的句型有: as is known to all/ as we all know; as the proverb says; it is often said that…; as a new ways of…; there have been many changes…; it is clear/ obvious等。 3．用好 “啟、承、轉。合”的詞語和句子 例句： （天津）As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits. (北京）It’s often said that all work without play makes Jack a dull boy. As the proverb says, no pains, no gains.? 2）“承”---順勢承上啟下

　　常用表達“承”的過渡詞語和詞組有：secondly; in addition; besides; furthermore; moreover; what is more; what is worse, for example; in other words, especially, particularly, obviously, at the same time, no doubt等 常用表達 “啟”的句型有:compared with that…; as far as I know; It is true that…; It is known to all that…; It can be easily proved that…; the reason why….; There is no doubt that…; It is no wonder that…; what is more serious is that…等。例句： （湖北）It is known to us that some students cheat in examination at school.

　　(福建)

　　As far as I know, English learning should start from childhood. ?

　　3）“轉”---巧妙轉折過渡

　　常用表達“轉”的過渡詞語和詞組有：but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in any case, or, or else, while, despite, in spite of, regardless of, instead 常用表達 “轉”的句型有: Every coin has two sides. But for…, I would never…; another example is that…; Taking everything into consideration; That’s why I feel that…等 例句：But for his help, I would never succeed in my experiment.

　　Taking everything into consideration, you have to work much hard than before to win the competition. ? 4）“合”---完美結束全文

　　常用表達“合”的過渡詞語和詞組有：in a word, in general, in short, above all, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, as a result, above all, on the whole等

　　常用表達 “合”的句型有: something must be done to….; it can be safely concluded from… that…; in my opinion; we can draw the conclusion that… it may be briefly summed up as follows等 例句 We can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

　　Something must be done / some measures must be taken to improve our environment.

　　It may be briefly summed up as follows: it’s high time that our government took some measures to improve our environment A.”啟“

　　根據所給提示句型完成下列句子： First of all, you should… 首先你們必須在用餐前洗手。 2. Some of us think that it’s better to… 我們有些人認為看電影比讀原著好。 3. To some extent, the way… 我們的交際方式在一定程度上取決于我們的文化。 B.”承“ ________（加之，而且），I have a lot of homework to do. _________(此外）, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for the exam. __________________(更重要的是）is that you should listen attentively in class and do you homework carefully. What’s more Besides What is more important

　　C. “轉”

　　1. As students, we often take exams at school, ______ sometimes we have too many exams which are too difficult for us.

　　2. I don’t think every one has tried his best. ____________, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons.

　　3.The situation is getting better. _________ , there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. but On the contrary However D. “合” I have talked a lot. _________ , it is wrong to cheat in exams. ___________ , it seems to me that measures are an important part of our life. In a word In summary

　　寫作進階提升之六

　　寫作進階提升 ——書面表達常見錯誤及對策 常見錯誤有以下幾個方面：

　　1.審題錯誤

　　抓不住文章的所要寫的要點 例文 （1）中國學生通常過生日的方式，如生日聚會、生日禮物、生日祝福等；（2）我認為有意義的慶祝方式以及這樣做的目的或理由。

　　Chinese Birthday

　　First let me show you something about the Chinese birthday. Usually it includes three parts: party, gift and good rewards. On the birthday, we often wear our favorite clothes , which makes us very happy. We also will organize a birthday party in the evening. At the party, we’ll prepare lots of delicious foods, especially the birthday cake. Then we will eat the cake. We sing and dance together. At last, we’ll take the gift to the person who was born on that day. In the gift there will be a card, on which are our best wishes. 2.格式錯誤

　　不熟悉常見應用文的格式

　　需要熟練掌握的應用文有：書信、日記、通知（分書面通知和口頭通知） Receiver’s address Date Dear …, Body of the letter… Sincerely/Truly Yours, Writer’s name Saturday, February 14th. 2007, Sunny

　　The body of the your diary… Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? / Attention please, everyone.

　　……… That’s all. Thank you! 口頭通知 書面通知

　　Notice

　　……

　　Student’s Union

　　3. 詞法錯誤 1)用詞重復 如：return back; repeat again; Chinese students in China have our own way to celebrate birthday. 2) 用詞不當 如：把bring寫成“take”，“get”，“fetch”等 把歡迎某人到我校寫成welcome you to visit our school 正確的說法是：You are welcome to visit our school.或Welcome to our school.

　　3)詞性混淆 A.不及物動詞當成及物動詞： 例如：is happened / is belonged to/ come (to) the city/ return (to) the place B.把形容詞用作動詞如： 例如：This will happy the foreign visitors.

　　Please ready a small gift.

　　C.不可數名詞用成可數名詞： 例如:make a great progress

　　what a fine weather day!

　　D.形容詞和副詞的使用錯誤 例如：work hardly

　　talk friendly

　　Don’t take it serious. 4）虛詞錯誤 A.冠詞的漏用和誤用 例如：Send him a email. B.介詞使用錯誤 例如：They had to wait the bus under the hot sun. under the sun:普天之下 5）拼寫錯誤 把禮物present寫成peasant –parents, pleasant, 如把present寫成parents那行文就成了please bring along your small parents for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up. sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.

　　注意同形詞:model-medal-mental-metal

　　effort-effect-offer-affect

　　abroad-board-broad-aboard

　　strict-strike-stick 注意易拼錯單詞：modern, government, destroy, true, official等

　　4. 句法錯誤 1）連詞錯誤 如：because 與 so; although/though 與 but同時使用。或兩個句子之間沒有連詞，如：He likes English, I like Maths. 2) 漢式英語 如：“晚會將在主樓花園頂上舉行。”寫成” The party will in the main building roof garden held.”

　　“操場上有五個學生在踢足球。”寫成 “On the playground there are five students play football.” 把There will be a party寫成There will have a party. 3）句子前后不一致 學生常常容易在文章中的時態、語態、人稱、主謂一致出現錯誤。 如：The place can solve the problem.

　　The book was disappeared last week.

　　Mr Smith, with his wife, have arrived in Shanghai.

　　I will go to visit you as soon as I will return to China.

　　You should work hard. If not, we will fail to pass the exam. 四．對策 １．詞匯是保證，語法是基礎，句型是關鍵 ２．如何寫好句子

　　寫好句子有許多方法和技巧，談談句子的基本結構及與漢語的一些區別。 A.確定主語

　　英語句子無論多長都有自己的主語（祈使句除外）。動手寫句子首先要確定主語，其次要特別注意漢語與英語的區別。其中幾點請學生注意： A.漢語中的主語不一定是英文中的主語。 例如： 北京八月多雨。英文中不說“Beijing rains much in August.”而說“It rains much in Beijing in August.” 英文中主謂語有時需要倒裝，漢語則不需要。例如： Only then did I realize how important it is to study English

　　B.動詞是關鍵

　　英文中沒有動詞就構不成句子，但英語動詞千變萬化，稍不注意就會寫錯句子。在寫句子時應特別注意以下幾個方面。 注意及物與不及物動詞的正確運用。 注意非延續性動詞的用法。 注意一些不可用作被動語態的動詞。 注意一些動詞的特殊用法。 注意那些漢譯意思相同實際用法不同的詞。 注意動詞的時態及時態的一致。 注意部分常用動詞及動詞詞組的辨異，否則，差之毫厘，謬以千里，以下是一些容易混淆的動詞詞組。

　　be tired of 因……煩惱

　　be tired from 因……感到累

　　wear 穿（狀態）put on 穿（動作） be compared with 與……比較

　　be compared to 把……比作

　　be made from 由……制作（改變本質） be made up of 由……構成 be made of 由……制成(不改變本質) find 找（結果）look for 找（動作） look at 看（動作）

　　see 看（結果）

　　be used to 習慣于

　　used to 過去常常

　　1） “啟”---創造良好開端 常用表達 “啟”的過渡詞語和詞組有: in the first place, first of all, firstly, generally speaking, to start with, to begin with等。

　　常用表達 “啟”的句型有: as is known to all/ as we all know; as the proverb says; it is often said that…; as a new ways of…; there have been many changes…; it is clear/ obvious等。 3．用好 “啟、承、轉。合”的詞語和句子 例句： （天津）As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits. (北京）It’s often said that all work without play makes Jack a dull boy. As the proverb says, no pains, no gains.? 2）“承”---順勢承上啟下

　　常用表達“承”的過渡詞語和詞組有：secondly; in addition; besides; furthermore; moreover; what is more; what is worse, for example; in other words, especially, particularly, obviously, at the same time, no doubt等 常用表達 “啟”的句型有:compared with that…; as far as I know; It is true that…; It is known to all that…; It can be easily proved that…; the reason why….; There is no doubt that…; It is no wonder that…; what is more serious is that…等。例句： （湖北）It is known to us that some students cheat in examination at school.

　　(福建)

　　As far as I know, English learning should start from childhood. ?

　　3）“轉”---巧妙轉折過渡

　　常用表達“轉”的過渡詞語和詞組有：but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in any case, or, or else, while, despite, in spite of, regardless of, instead 常用表達 “轉”的句型有: Every coin has two sides. But for…, I would never…; another example is that…; Taking everything into consideration; That’s why I feel that…等 例句：But for his help, I would never succeed in my experiment.

　　Taking everything into consideration, you have to work much hard than before to win the competition. ? 4）“合”---完美結束全文

　　常用表達“合”的過渡詞語和詞組有：in a word, in general, in short, above all, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, as a result, above all, on the whole等

　　常用表達 “合”的句型有: something must be done to….; it can be safely concluded from… that…; in my opinion; we can draw the conclusion that… it may be briefly summed up as follows等 例句 We can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

　　Something must be done / some measures must be taken to improve our environment.

　　It may be briefly summed up as follows: it’s high time that our government took some measures to improve our environment A.”啟“

　　根據所給提示句型完成下列句子： First of all, you should… 首先你們必須在用餐前洗手。 2. Some of us think that it’s better to… 我們有些人認為看電影比讀原著好。 3. To some extent, the way… 我們的交際方式在一定程度上取決于我們的文化。 B.”承“ ________（加之，而且），I have a lot of homework to do. _________(此外）, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for the exam. __________________(更重要的是）is that you should listen attentively in class and do you homework carefully. What’s more Besides What is more important

　　C. “轉”

　　1. As students, we often take exams at school, ______ sometimes we have too many exams which are too difficult for us.

　　2. I don’t think every one has tried his best. ____________, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons.

　　3.The situation is getting better. _________ , there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. but On the contrary However D. “合” I have talked a lot. _________ , it is wrong to cheat in exams. ___________ , it seems to me that measures are an important part of our life. In a word In summary