通過文章閱讀學習英語六級詞匯 Unit thirty-three

　　The Liberty of Press

　　The proposition which I mean to maintain as the basis of the liberty of the press, and without which it is an empty sound, is this: that every man, not intending to mislead, but seeking to enlighten others with what his own reason and conscience, however erroneously, have dictated to him as truth, may address himself to the universal reason of a whole nation, either upon the subject of government in general, or upon that of our own particular country; that he may analyse the principles of its constitution, point out its errors and defects, examine and publish its corruptions, warn his fellow-citizens against their ruinous consequences, and exert his whole faculties in pointing out the most advantageous changes in establishments which he considers to be radically defective, or sliding from their object by abuse. All his every subject of his country has right to do, if he contemplates only what he thinks would be for its advantage, but seeks to change the public mind by the conviction which flows from reasonings dictated by conscience.

　　If, indeed, he writes what he does not think; if, contemplating the misery of others, he wickedly condemns what his own understanding approves; or, even admitting his real disgust against the government or its corruptions if he calumniates living magistrates, or holds out to individuals that they have a right to run before the public mind in their conduct; that they may oppose by contumacy or force what private reason only disapproves; that they may disobey the law, because their judgment condemns it; or resist the public will, because they honestly wish to change it he is then a criminal upon every principle of rational policy, as well as upon the immemorial precedents of English justice; because such a person seeks to disunite individuals from their duty to the whole, and excites to overt acts of endeavouring to change, by the impulse of reason, that universal assent which, in this and every country, constitutes the law for all.

　　proposition n.1.論點,主張 2.建議,提案 3.命題

　　contention n.1.論點 2.爭論,爭辯

　　deduce vt.推論,推斷,演繹

　　enlighten vt.啟發,開導

　　conscience n.良心,道德心

　　conscientious a.按良心辦事的,認真的,勤勤懇懇的

　　erroneous a.錯誤的,不正確的

　　corrupt a.墮落的,腐敗的,貪贓舞弊的 vt.腐蝕,使墮落

　　corruption n.墮落,腐化,賄賂

　　fraud n.欺詐,詐騙 2.騙子

　　bribe vt.向行賄,買通 n.賄賂,行賄物

　　fellowship n.伙伴關系,交情,友誼 2.團體,協會,聯誼會 3.獎學金,研究員職位

　　contemplate vt.1.盤算,講議 2.思量,對周密考慮 3.注視,凝視

　　misery n.1.痛苦,苦難,苦惱 2.悲慘的境遇,貧苦

　　misfortune n.1.不幸,厄運,逆境 2.災難,災禍

　　catastrophe n.大災難,災禍

　　casualty n.1.傷亡人員,死傷者 2.受害人,損失的東西

　　calumniate vt.誹謗,惡意中傷

　　magistrate n.地方行政官司,地方法官,治安官

　　contumacy n.叛逆性,反抗權威,藐視法庭

　　precedent n.1.先例,范例,判例 2.慣例

　　overt a.公開的,不隱蔽的

　　disclose vt.揭露,泄露,透露

　　endeavour vt.努力,盡力,嘗試 n.努力,盡力,嘗試

　　impulse n.1.沖動,一時的念頭 2.驅動,驅使 3.脈沖

　　assent vi.同意,贊成 n.同意,贊成,贊同

　　consent n.vi.準許,同意,贊成

　　comply vi.遵從,依從,服從

　　compliance n.1.遵從,依從 2.順從,屈從

　　通過文章閱讀學習英語六級詞匯 Unit thirty-three

　　The Liberty of Press

　　The proposition which I mean to maintain as the basis of the liberty of the press, and without which it is an empty sound, is this: that every man, not intending to mislead, but seeking to enlighten others with what his own reason and conscience, however erroneously, have dictated to him as truth, may address himself to the universal reason of a whole nation, either upon the subject of government in general, or upon that of our own particular country; that he may analyse the principles of its constitution, point out its errors and defects, examine and publish its corruptions, warn his fellow-citizens against their ruinous consequences, and exert his whole faculties in pointing out the most advantageous changes in establishments which he considers to be radically defective, or sliding from their object by abuse. All his every subject of his country has right to do, if he contemplates only what he thinks would be for its advantage, but seeks to change the public mind by the conviction which flows from reasonings dictated by conscience.

　　If, indeed, he writes what he does not think; if, contemplating the misery of others, he wickedly condemns what his own understanding approves; or, even admitting his real disgust against the government or its corruptions if he calumniates living magistrates, or holds out to individuals that they have a right to run before the public mind in their conduct; that they may oppose by contumacy or force what private reason only disapproves; that they may disobey the law, because their judgment condemns it; or resist the public will, because they honestly wish to change it he is then a criminal upon every principle of rational policy, as well as upon the immemorial precedents of English justice; because such a person seeks to disunite individuals from their duty to the whole, and excites to overt acts of endeavouring to change, by the impulse of reason, that universal assent which, in this and every country, constitutes the law for all.

　　proposition n.1.論點,主張 2.建議,提案 3.命題

　　contention n.1.論點 2.爭論,爭辯

　　deduce vt.推論,推斷,演繹

　　enlighten vt.啟發,開導

　　conscience n.良心,道德心

　　conscientious a.按良心辦事的,認真的,勤勤懇懇的

　　erroneous a.錯誤的,不正確的

　　corrupt a.墮落的,腐敗的,貪贓舞弊的 vt.腐蝕,使墮落

　　corruption n.墮落,腐化,賄賂

　　fraud n.欺詐,詐騙 2.騙子

　　bribe vt.向行賄,買通 n.賄賂,行賄物

　　fellowship n.伙伴關系,交情,友誼 2.團體,協會,聯誼會 3.獎學金,研究員職位

　　contemplate vt.1.盤算,講議 2.思量,對周密考慮 3.注視,凝視

　　misery n.1.痛苦,苦難,苦惱 2.悲慘的境遇,貧苦

　　misfortune n.1.不幸,厄運,逆境 2.災難,災禍

　　catastrophe n.大災難,災禍

　　casualty n.1.傷亡人員,死傷者 2.受害人,損失的東西

　　calumniate vt.誹謗,惡意中傷

　　magistrate n.地方行政官司,地方法官,治安官

　　contumacy n.叛逆性,反抗權威,藐視法庭

　　precedent n.1.先例,范例,判例 2.慣例

　　overt a.公開的,不隱蔽的

　　disclose vt.揭露,泄露,透露

　　endeavour vt.努力,盡力,嘗試 n.努力,盡力,嘗試

　　impulse n.1.沖動,一時的念頭 2.驅動,驅使 3.脈沖

　　assent vi.同意,贊成 n.同意,贊成,贊同

　　consent n.vi.準許,同意,贊成

　　comply vi.遵從,依從,服從

　　compliance n.1.遵從,依從 2.順從,屈從