情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)表達(dá)

　　2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　3. 某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法

　　知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　　知識(shí)重點(diǎn)：

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)推測(cè)意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：

　　（一）用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。can，could，might，may，must可以用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。根據(jù)說(shuō)話人對(duì)事實(shí)的把握性大小，must表示肯定，may / might / can / could表示可能， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 可能不, 而can / could可以用于疑問(wèn)句，表示可能，可能嗎?，其否定式cant / couldnt 表示不可能。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。對(duì)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)容推測(cè)有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　（二）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：

　　主要結(jié)構(gòu)：must / may / might +動(dòng)詞原形

　　be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

　　be + doing

　　例句：

　　1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.

　　2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.

　　3. The teacher must be joking.

　　4. Freda isnt in class. She must be sick.

　　5. There must be something wrong.

　　6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense.

　　7. He may be arriving this evening.

　　8. He may be traveling around the world.

　　9. The keys cant be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.

　　10. Can the news be true ?

　　（三）對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

　　例句：

　　1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.

　　2. He couldnt have seen Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad.

　　3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.

　　4. He might have overslept again.

　　5. Where can Tom have gone ?

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)本來(lái)，不然早就。這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。表示說(shuō)話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說(shuō)話人的埋怨，后悔的語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　should have done / ought to have done：本應(yīng)該

　　shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不該

　　could have done：本來(lái)可以

　　neednt have done：本來(lái)沒(méi)必要

　　would like to have done：本來(lái)很想

　　would rather not have done: 本來(lái)不愿意

　　could / might / have done: 不然早就

　　例句：

　　1. You shouldnt have laughed at his mistakes.

　　2. You could have told us earlier.

　　3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.

　　4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.

　　5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.

　　6. They would like to have seen that film last film.

　　7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.

　　8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.

　　知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：

　　某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法：

　　need 和dare 的兩種形式的用法

　　need 和dare可以用做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式（to do）結(jié)構(gòu)，在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did/或dont/doesnt/didnt。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞neednt（沒(méi)有必要，不必）相當(dāng)于dont have to

　　例句：

　　1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.

　　2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you neednt.

　　3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?

　　注意：

　　句型I dare say+從句。 意思是：我肯定 = Im sure或There is no doubt that+從句。

　　例句：

　　I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.

　　will和would

　　表示意志或愿意，would 則指過(guò)去愿意做

　　例句：

　　1. He said that he would help us.

　　2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.

　　would可以表達(dá)過(guò)去習(xí)慣做類(lèi)似于used to do

　　例句：

　　1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.

　　表示請(qǐng)求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do? / Would you like to do?

　　例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?

　　shall

　　1. 用于第一，三人稱(chēng)，表示請(qǐng)求；建議 或推薦

　　例句：

　　1. Shall we start the meeting now?

　　2. Shall I watch TV now ?

　　3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?

　　2. 用于第二人稱(chēng)，表示命令，要求，許諾

　　例句：

　　1. You shall take whatever you like.

　　2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.

　　在表示推測(cè)的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，常用can /cant /could / couldnt表示，意思是：可能嗎?；不可能。而不能使用mustnt或must等詞。

　　【典型例題】

　　1. Do you think he will do me a favor ?

　　As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.

　　A. mightB. must C. canD. should

　　分析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測(cè)性用法。 根據(jù)he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那么幫助你的可能性也就最小了。答案為A

　　2. Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ?

　　I think it ___ be Tom.

　　I dont think it ___ be ____ .

　　A. can ; must ; can ; heB. may ; can ; must ; him

　　C. must ; can ; must ; hisD. might ; must ; can ; himself

　　分析：根據(jù)備選答案。 can表示推測(cè)時(shí)用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。本題首句就應(yīng)該是Guess who can it be? 第二句應(yīng)該是I think it must be Tom.（說(shuō)話人十分肯定）。第三句表達(dá)了說(shuō)話人對(duì)前一個(gè)人的否定。即：I dont think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案為A

　　3. Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?

　　Sure. She ____ around the campus now.

　　A. must be walkingB. must walk

　　C. may walkD. may be walking

　　分析：關(guān)鍵詞Sure告訴我們說(shuō)話人的口氣十分肯定。根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案為A

　　4. I stayed at a hotel in New York.

　　Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.

　　A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would sayD. must have stayed

　　分析：首句說(shuō)：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D選項(xiàng)不合題意。第二句在說(shuō)：你本來(lái)可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本來(lái)可以。答案為A

　　5. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow.

　　A. neednt have drivenB. cant have driven

　　C. mustnt have drivenD. shouldnt have driven

　　分析：根據(jù)句意：你為什么不告訴我今天沒(méi)有會(huì)？我本來(lái)沒(méi)必要冒著大雪開(kāi)車(chē)跑這么多路。Neednt have done表示本來(lái)沒(méi)必要。答案為A

　　6. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.

　　A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have left

　　C. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave

　　分析：根據(jù)句意：我真的很擔(dān)心你，你真不應(yīng)該一句話都不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家。離開(kāi)家已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Should have done正好表達(dá)了本句的意思。答案為B

　　7. A：Are you coming to Jeffs party ?

　　B：Im not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.

　　A. mustB. would C. shouldD. might

　　分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。Might表示推測(cè)：可能。答案為D

　　8. A：I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday.

　　B：Will it be a big surprise to her ?

　　A. should B. mustC. wouldD. shall

　　分析：A說(shuō)：我答應(yīng)她在生日聚會(huì)上她會(huì)得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案為D 　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)表達(dá)

　　2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　3. 某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法

　　知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　　知識(shí)重點(diǎn)：

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)推測(cè)意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：

　　（一）用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。can，could，might，may，must可以用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。根據(jù)說(shuō)話人對(duì)事實(shí)的把握性大小，must表示肯定，may / might / can / could表示可能， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 可能不, 而can / could可以用于疑問(wèn)句，表示可能，可能嗎?，其否定式cant / couldnt 表示不可能。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。對(duì)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)容推測(cè)有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　（二）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：

　　主要結(jié)構(gòu)：must / may / might +動(dòng)詞原形

　　be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

　　be + doing

　　例句：

　　1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.

　　2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.

　　3. The teacher must be joking.

　　4. Freda isnt in class. She must be sick.

　　5. There must be something wrong.

　　6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense.

　　7. He may be arriving this evening.

　　8. He may be traveling around the world.

　　9. The keys cant be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.

　　10. Can the news be true ?

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)表達(dá)

　　2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　3. 某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法

　　知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　　知識(shí)重點(diǎn)：

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)推測(cè)意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：

　　（一）用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。can，could，might，may，must可以用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。根據(jù)說(shuō)話人對(duì)事實(shí)的把握性大小，must表示肯定，may / might / can / could表示可能， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 可能不, 而can / could可以用于疑問(wèn)句，表示可能，可能嗎?，其否定式cant / couldnt 表示不可能。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。對(duì)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)容推測(cè)有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　（二）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：

　　主要結(jié)構(gòu)：must / may / might +動(dòng)詞原形

　　be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

　　be + doing

　　例句：

　　1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.

　　2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.

　　3. The teacher must be joking.

　　4. Freda isnt in class. She must be sick.

　　5. There must be something wrong.

　　6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense.

　　7. He may be arriving this evening.

　　8. He may be traveling around the world.

　　9. The keys cant be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.

　　10. Can the news be true ?

　　（三）對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

　　例句：

　　1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.

　　2. He couldnt have seen Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad.

　　3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.

　　4. He might have overslept again.

　　5. Where can Tom have gone ?

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表達(dá)本來(lái)，不然早就。這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。表示說(shuō)話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說(shuō)話人的埋怨，后悔的語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　should have done / ought to have done：本應(yīng)該

　　shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不該

　　could have done：本來(lái)可以

　　neednt have done：本來(lái)沒(méi)必要

　　would like to have done：本來(lái)很想

　　would rather not have done: 本來(lái)不愿意

　　could / might / have done: 不然早就

　　例句：

　　1. You shouldnt have laughed at his mistakes.

　　2. You could have told us earlier.

　　3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.

　　4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.

　　5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.

　　6. They would like to have seen that film last film.

　　7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.

　　8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.

　　知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：

　　某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法：

　　need 和dare 的兩種形式的用法

　　need 和dare可以用做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式（to do）結(jié)構(gòu)，在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did/或dont/doesnt/didnt。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞neednt（沒(méi)有必要，不必）相當(dāng)于dont have to

　　例句：

　　1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.

　　2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you neednt.

　　3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?

　　注意：

　　句型I dare say+從句。 意思是：我肯定 = Im sure或There is no doubt that+從句。

　　例句：

　　I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.

　　will和would

　　表示意志或愿意，would 則指過(guò)去愿意做

　　例句：

　　1. He said that he would help us.

　　2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.

　　would可以表達(dá)過(guò)去習(xí)慣做類(lèi)似于used to do

　　例句：

　　1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.

　　表示請(qǐng)求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do? / Would you like to do?

　　例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?

　　shall

　　1. 用于第一，三人稱(chēng)，表示請(qǐng)求；建議 或推薦

　　例句：

　　1. Shall we start the meeting now?

　　2. Shall I watch TV now ?

　　3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?

　　2. 用于第二人稱(chēng)，表示命令，要求，許諾

　　例句：

　　1. You shall take whatever you like.

　　2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.

　　在表示推測(cè)的否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，常用can /cant /could / couldnt表示，意思是：可能嗎?；不可能。而不能使用mustnt或must等詞。

　　【典型例題】

　　1. Do you think he will do me a favor ?

　　As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.

　　A. mightB. must C. canD. should

　　分析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測(cè)性用法。 根據(jù)he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那么幫助你的可能性也就最小了。答案為A

　　2. Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ?

　　I think it ___ be Tom.

　　I dont think it ___ be ____ .

　　A. can ; must ; can ; heB. may ; can ; must ; him

　　C. must ; can ; must ; hisD. might ; must ; can ; himself

　　分析：根據(jù)備選答案。 can表示推測(cè)時(shí)用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。本題首句就應(yīng)該是Guess who can it be? 第二句應(yīng)該是I think it must be Tom.（說(shuō)話人十分肯定）。第三句表達(dá)了說(shuō)話人對(duì)前一個(gè)人的否定。即：I dont think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案為A

　　3. Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?

　　Sure. She ____ around the campus now.

　　A. must be walkingB. must walk

　　C. may walkD. may be walking

　　分析：關(guān)鍵詞Sure告訴我們說(shuō)話人的口氣十分肯定。根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案為A

　　4. I stayed at a hotel in New York.

　　Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.

　　A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would sayD. must have stayed

　　分析：首句說(shuō)：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D選項(xiàng)不合題意。第二句在說(shuō)：你本來(lái)可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本來(lái)可以。答案為A

　　5. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _____ all the way here through the heavy snow.

　　A. neednt have drivenB. cant have driven

　　C. mustnt have drivenD. shouldnt have driven

　　分析：根據(jù)句意：你為什么不告訴我今天沒(méi)有會(huì)？我本來(lái)沒(méi)必要冒著大雪開(kāi)車(chē)跑這么多路。Neednt have done表示本來(lái)沒(méi)必要。答案為A

　　6. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.

　　A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have left

　　C. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave

　　分析：根據(jù)句意：我真的很擔(dān)心你，你真不應(yīng)該一句話都不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家。離開(kāi)家已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Should have done正好表達(dá)了本句的意思。答案為B

　　7. A：Are you coming to Jeffs party ?

　　B：Im not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.

　　A. mustB. would C. shouldD. might

　　分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。Might表示推測(cè)：可能。答案為D

　　8. A：I promise that she ____ get a nice present on her birthday.

　　B：Will it be a big surprise to her ?

　　A. should B. mustC. wouldD. shall

　　分析：A說(shuō)：我答應(yīng)她在生日聚會(huì)上她會(huì)得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案為D 　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)表達(dá)

　　2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　3. 某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法

　　知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　　知識(shí)重點(diǎn)：

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)推測(cè)意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：

　　（一）用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。can，could，might，may，must可以用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。根據(jù)說(shuō)話人對(duì)事實(shí)的把握性大小，must表示肯定，may / might / can / could表示可能， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 可能不, 而can / could可以用于疑問(wèn)句，表示可能，可能嗎?，其否定式cant / couldnt 表示不可能。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。對(duì)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)容推測(cè)有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　（二）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：

　　主要結(jié)構(gòu)：must / may / might +動(dòng)詞原形

　　be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語(yǔ)

　　be + doing

　　例句：

　　1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.

　　2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.

　　3. The teacher must be joking.

　　4. Freda isnt in class. She must be sick.

　　5. There must be something wrong.

　　6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense.

　　7. He may be arriving this evening.

　　8. He may be traveling around the world.

　　9. The keys cant be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.

　　10. Can the news be true ?