選修八Unit 2　Cloning

　　晨背三部曲（話題：計劃與愿望）

　　經典詞匯

　　1.attitude n.

　　態度2．ambition n.

　　雄心3．achievement n.

　　成就；功績4．opportunity n.

　　機會；機遇5．challenge n.

　　挑戰6．goal n.

　　目標7．schedule/timetable n.

　　時間表8．decide/determine v.

　　決定；下決心9．intend v.

　　想要；打算；計劃10．arrange v.

　　安排11．seek v.

　　追求；尋求12．overcome v.

　　戰勝；克服13．complete v.

　　完成14．postpone v.

　　推遲15．possible adj.

　　可能的 16.as far as I know　據我所知17．set a goal for oneself

　　為自己確定

　　目標18．make the best/most of

　　充分利用19．a waste of time

　　浪費時間20．get ready for

　　為……做好準備21．feel like doing sth.

　　想要做某事22．in the near future

　　在不久的將來23．all the best

　　一切順利24．make/keep/stick to/carry out a plan

　　制定/遵守/堅持/執行計劃

　　連詞成句

　　1．such, arrangement, the day's activity (用倒裝句式)

　　Such is the arrange-ment for the day's activity.

　　2．what, make, unique, it, being held, developing country, for the first time (用主語從句和表語從句)

　　What_makes_it_unique_is_that_it_is_being_held

　　_in_a_developing_coun-try_for_the_first_time.

　　3．speak of, volunteer, work, I, mainly, help out, here (用現在分詞短語作狀語)

　　Speaking_of_volunteer_work,_I'm_mainly_helping_out_here.

　　Ⅰ.詞海拾貝

　　基礎記憶

　　1．straightforward adj.　簡單的；直接的；坦率的

　　2．breakthrough n.

　　突破

　　3．altogether adv.

　　總共；完全地

　　4．obtain vt.

　　獲得；贏得

　　5．attain vt.

　　獲得；到達(水平、年齡、狀況等)

　　6．accumulate vt.& vi.

　　積累；聚積

　　7．owe vt.

　　欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……

　　8．bother vt.

　　打擾vi.

　　操心n.

　　煩擾

　　9．vain adj.

　　虛榮的；自負的；徒勞的

　　10．resist vt.

　　抵抗；對抗

　　11．drawback n.

　　缺點；不利條件

　　12．adore vt.

　　崇拜；愛慕；喜愛

　　13．differ vi.不同；相異→different adj.不同的；與眾不同的→difference n．差異；不同

　　14．undertake vt.著手；從事；承擔→undertook (過去式)→undertaken (過去分詞)

　　15．cast vt.扔；投；擲→cast/cast (過去式/過去分詞)

　　16．object vi.反對；不贊成→objection n．不贊成；反對；異議

　　17．forbid vt.禁止；不準→forbade/forbad (過去式)→forbidden (過去分詞)

　　18．retire vi.退休；離開→retirement n．退休

　　19．strike vi.& vt.& n．打；撞擊；罷工→struck/struck (過去式/過去分詞)

　　語境記憶

　　20．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it.(object)

　　21．From the appearance, we can not tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.(differ)

　　篇章記憶

　　Shortly afterwards, the media published a conservative argument objecting to cloning owing to moral problems, and suggested the constitution include compulsory regulations to forbid obtaining commercial profits from cloning.

　　Ⅱ.短語互譯

　　1.得到好結果；取得成功；償清　pay_off

　　2．反對

　　object_to

　　3．狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞)

　　in_good/poor_condition

　　4．一定或注定(做)……

　　(be)_bound_to_(do)_．..

　　5．不時；偶爾

　　from_time_to_time

　　6．使復生；使復活

　　bring_back_to_life

　　7．cast down

　　沮喪；不愉快

　　8．strike ...into one's heart

　　使……刻骨銘心

　　9．in vain

　　白費力氣；枉費心機

　　10．in favour of

　　贊成；支持

　　11．owe ...to ...

　　把……歸功于……

　　12．have

　　a great impact on

　　對……有很大影響

　　Ⅲ.句型一覽

　　1.The fact＋that同位語從句

　　The fact that_she_seemed_to_develop_normally (看來它是在正常地成長著)was very encouraging.

　　2．the news＋that 同位語從句

　　Then came_the_disturbing_news_that (傳來令人沮喪的消息) Dolly had become seriously ill.

　　3．whether ...or ...引導的名詞性從句

　　However, scientists still wonder whether_cloning_will_help_or_harm_us (克隆技術會幫助我們還是傷害我們) and where it is leading us.

　　4．疑問詞＋插入語＋陳述語序

　　What_do_you_think_is (你認為是什么) the writer's point of view in this reading passage?

　　5．with的復合結構

　　Diversity in a group means having animals with_their_genes_arranged_in_different_ways (擁有排列方式不同的基因)．

　　6．that引導的表語從句

　　The_advantage_is_that (其優勢是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.

　　Ⅳ.語法自測——同位語(從句)

　　完成句子

　　1．The news that_house_prices_will_fall has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)

　　房價將要下跌的消息已經導致許多人以較低價將房子賣掉了。

　　2．The old-fashioned belief that_women_should_stay at home and do household chores while men pursue their careers should be changed now.(stay)

　　女人應該待在家里做家務而男人在外追求事業這一老觀念現在應該改變。

　　3．The thought that_they_can_cross_the_whole_continent was very exciting.(cross)

　　他們橫穿整個大陸的想法很令人興奮。

　　4．More than 200 million people in China suffer high blood pressure, and 70% of them are unaware of the fact that_they_have_the_illness/disease.(have)

　　中國有2億多人患高血壓，他們中70%不知道他們有這種病。

　　5．There is much discussion about the question how_the_rising_food_prices_are_affecting ordinary people.(affect)

　　關于正在上漲的食品價格正在如何影響老百姓的問題有許多的討論。

　　1.undertake (undertook, undertaken) vt.著手；從事；承擔；保證

　　①Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.(2024·福建閱讀E)

　　多數學校承擔著團體或個體教育扶持的項目。

　　undertake a task/responsibility

　　承擔任務/責任

　　undertake to do sth.

　　同意、答應或著手做某事

　　undertake for ...

　　為……負責

　　undertake that ...

　　保證……

　　②Take it easy.I'll undertake for your security.

　　別著急，我將保證你的安全。

　　③I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.

　　我保證你會喜歡這次旅行。

　　【對點練習】

　　用undertake的相關短語完成下列句子

　　①我們應該承擔過低碳生活的責任，這意義重大。

　　We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a low-carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.

　　②他答應在星期五以前完成那項工作。

　　He undertook_to_finish the job by Friday.

　　2.object vi.反對；不贊成 n．物體；目標

　　(1)object to sb./sth.反對；不贊成某人/某事

　　object to doing sth.

　　反對做某事

　　object that ...

　　反對……

　　(2)objection n.

　　反對；厭惡

　　raise an objection to (doing) sth.

　　對(做)……提出異議

　　have/make an/no objection to (doing) sth.

　　對(做)……表示反對/同意

　　Many people object to experimentation on animals.

　　許多人反對用動物做實驗。

　　②We are determined to carry out the plan if you have no objection.

　　如果你不反對，我們決心實施這項計劃。

　　【對點練習】

　　一句多譯

　　他反對被人當孩子一樣對待。

　　①He_objects_to_being_treated like a child.

　　②He has/makes_an_objection_to_being_treated like a child.

　　3.forbid (forbade/forbad, forbidden) vt. 禁止；不準

　　①Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.(2024·天津閱讀A)

　　請注意食物和水果在圖書館中是被禁止的，但是隨身攜帶飲料和糖果是被允許的。

　　(1)forbid sb.to do sth.　禁止某人做某事

　　forbid doing sth.

　　禁止做某事

　　forbid that ...

　　禁止……(從句中常用

　　should＋動詞原形)

　　(2)forbid sb.sth.

　　禁止某人某事

　　forbid sb.from doing

　　禁止某人做……

　　(3)It's forbidden to do sth.

　　做某事是禁止的

　　②The law forbids smoking in public buildings.

　　法律禁止在公共場所吸煙。

　　③He forbade his children sweets because he didn't want their teeth to be ruined.

　　他不許孩子們吃糖，因為他不想讓他們的牙齒受損。

　　【聯想發散】根據提示寫出和forbid一樣能用于下列結構的單詞。

　　①allow允許

　　②advise建議

　　③admit承認

　　④permit許可

　　⑤encourage鼓勵

　　【對點練習】

　　句型轉換

　　①The heavy rain forbade us to go out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.(改為獨立主格結構)

　　→The heavy rain forbidding us to go out,_we had to stay at home aimlessly.

　　②We were forbidden from going out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.(改為分詞作狀語)

　　→Forbidden from going out,_we had to stay at home aimlessly.

　　4.owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……；應感謝

　　(1) owe sb.a favo(u)r欠某人一個人情

　　owe sb.an apology

　　該向某人道歉

　　owe sb.sth.＝ owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物

　　(2)owe ... to ...

　　把……歸功于……

　　owe it to sb. that ...

　　多虧某人……

　　(3)owing to ...

　　因為；由于

　　①Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour.

　　謝謝你支持我，我欠你一個人情。

　　②I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive.

　　我仍然活著，這要歸功于那位醫生。

　　③Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.

　　比賽因下雨取消了。

　　【對點練習】

　　完成句子

　　①I owe_you_an_apology for having been so rude to you last night.(owe)

　　昨晚我太粗暴了，應該向你道歉。

　　②The well-known scientist always says that he owes_all_his_success_to the support of his family.(owe)

　　這位著名的科學家常說他的成功歸功于家人的支持。

　　5.bother vt.打擾 vi.操心 n．煩擾；令人煩惱的事或人

　　(1)bother sb. with/about sth.　為某事打擾或麻煩某人

　　bother about/with sth.

　　為某事煩惱

　　bother to do sth.

　　特意/操心做某事

　　It bothers sb.that/to do sth.

　　使某人苦惱的是

　　(2)put sb.to bother

　　給某人添亂/讓某人心煩

　　①In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings.(2024·江蘇任務型閱讀改編)

　　在這種重壓下，很多領導人頻繁開會，從而讓員工感到厭煩。

　　②He has no time to bother with trifles.

　　他沒有時間去煩擾這些瑣事。

　　【關鍵一點】　bother作“麻煩”“困難”講時，是不可數名詞；作“令人煩惱的事物”“討厭的人”講時，是單數可數名詞。

　　【語境串記】　He is really a bother, for he is always putting others to bother.

　　他確實是個極為討厭的人，總是給別人添堵。

　　【對點練習】

　　一句多譯

　　一直沒有對他講真話，這讓我很苦惱。

　　①It_bothers_me_not_to have told him the truth.

　　②It_bothers_me_that I haven't told him the truth.

　　③Not having told him the truth puts_me_to_bother.

　　6.pay off 得到好結果；取得成功；償清

　　①Our determination and patience paid off with a breakthrough — we got full marks in the exam.

　　我們的決心和耐心有了突破性的結果，在考試中我們得了滿分。

　　pay sb.for sth.付錢給某人作為……的費用

　　pay for sth.

　　為……付費/吃苦頭/受懲罰

　　pay back

　　還錢；報復

　　pay a price for ...

　　為……付出代價

　　②You can pay back the loan over a period of three years.

　　你可以在三年內還清貸款。

　　③Loss of health is too high a price to pay for success.

　　為了成功而搞垮身體，代價太高了。

　　【對點練習】

　　介、副詞填空

　　①Can you lend me ￡10 and I'll pay you back on Friday?

　　②You'll have to pay for your carelessness.

　　③The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off.

　　【真題印證】

　　④(2024·安徽高考)The athlete's years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.

　　A．went on　B．got through

　　C．paid off

　　D．ended up