類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) 含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never，nowhere，not，no，seldom，little，hardly，scarcely，barely，in no way，by no means，at no time，not until)位于句首時(shí) 否定副詞或詞組＋助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其他部分 Never before have I seen a moving film. Not until then did he realize his own fault. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than，not only...but(also)等引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝，后一個(gè)分句不變 hardly/no sooner/not only＋助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其他部分＋when/than/but also＋分句 Hardly/No sooner had he arrived when/than she started complaining. Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) so/such...that中的so/such部分位于句首時(shí) so＋adj./adv.＋系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其他部分＋that從句 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) so/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也”或“也不”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí) so/neither/nor＋系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ). .. They love having lots of friends，so do those with disabilities. Lily can’t ride，neither/nor can Lucy. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) though/as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“盡管”，通常把句中狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞提前；若表語(yǔ)是名詞，其前不用冠詞

　　Man as he was，he behaved like a woman. Fail though he did，he would never give up. Old as/though he is，he is still working hard. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) 當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had，were或should時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had，were或should移到主語(yǔ)之前 Had/Were/Should＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其他部分＋主句 Had I attended the meeting，I would have met Jim. 特別提醒： 1.there，here，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out等副詞置于句首，但主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)，不用倒裝。 2.only雖在句首，但不修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用正常語(yǔ)序。 3.so表示“是的，確實(shí)”時(shí)，主謂語(yǔ)不倒裝。 4.though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句也可不用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 5.當(dāng)前面兩件事或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時(shí)，通常用“so it is with...”或“it is the same with...” Here you are. Then he left. Away they hurried. Only I can go there. —It is hot. —So it is. Though he is young，he knows a lot. Tom likes singing，but he doesn’t like dancing.So it is with Mary. 二、省略句用法一覽表 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 賓語(yǔ) 從句 由which，when，where或how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中與主句重復(fù)的主語(yǔ)及謂語(yǔ)，可全部或部分省略，只保留一個(gè)連接代詞或連接副詞 He will come back，but he doesn’t know when(he will come back)． 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞that可省略。但要注意，及物動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)連詞that可省略 He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. I’m afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答語(yǔ)，后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定，賓語(yǔ)從句可省略 —Do you think it will rain？ —I hope not(that it will not rain)． 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 定語(yǔ) 從句 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，而且前面無(wú)介詞時(shí)可省略。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略 The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen. China is no longer a country(that)it used to be. 狀語(yǔ) 從句 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)為it且從句中有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞 As(he was)a young man，he studied law and became a lawyer. He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something. The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected. If(it is)so，you must go back and get it. 虛擬 語(yǔ)氣 在虛擬條件句中，如含有had，were，should等助動(dòng)詞，if可省略，句子要用倒裝 Were I(＝If I were)twenty now，I would join the army. 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 動(dòng)詞 不定 式 不定式符號(hào) to的省略 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞(如feel，see，hear，notice，let，make，have等)后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略to My mother wouldn’t let me go to see the film. 在do nothing but，can’t help but，why not，would rather...than...，prefer to do...rather than...等句式中 Rather than ride on a crowded bus，he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 不定式省略 使用不定式符號(hào)to來(lái)代替不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后邊 I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to. 在某些形容詞glad，happy，pleased，delighted，willing，ready，eager，anxious等后面 —Will you join in the game？ —I’d be glad to. 如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been —Are you a sailor？ —No，but I used to be. 三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法一覽表 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is/was...that/who可以對(duì)除謂語(yǔ)以外的成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“人”時(shí)，可用that或who，其他情況下用that It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)緊跟其主語(yǔ)，即人稱和數(shù)要一致 It is White and Betty who often

　　do

　　good deeds for the old lady. It is only I who/that am willing to go to see the film. 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 如果原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)須用：It is...that/who...；如原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則其結(jié)構(gòu)須用It was...that/who... It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. What is it that you want me to do？ “not...until...”句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was not until...that...” It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句型為：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who...？ Where was it that you met Jack yesterday？ 特別提醒： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與其他從句的區(qū)別 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型要注意和it代表時(shí)間、距離、溫度、自然現(xiàn)象、具體事物或人物等時(shí)所構(gòu)成的各種句型的區(qū)別。判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，可采用“還原法”，即把“It is/was...that/who”去掉。如果還原為一般句式后，句子各種成分完整，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則不是。 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 的強(qiáng)調(diào) do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形 Do come on Sunday. He did finish the task completely last week. 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從句中that是充當(dāng)從句的成分的，而在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that無(wú)任何意義。 It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，that無(wú)意義) 湯姆是在公園里丟的那只手表。 It was the street that he took a photo of.(定語(yǔ)從句，that充當(dāng)從句中of的賓語(yǔ)) 他就是給這條街照的相。 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語(yǔ)從句，去掉it be和that句式不完整。若為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，去掉之后句式完整。 It is a fact that he is an honest man.(主語(yǔ)從句) 他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人，這是事實(shí)。 It is he that is an honest man.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 誠(chéng)實(shí)的人是他。 3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：尤其出現(xiàn)“it be＋時(shí)間”時(shí)，一定要區(qū)分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句還是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 It was eight o’clock when he came back.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句) 當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)已經(jīng)8點(diǎn)了。 It was at eight o’clock that he came back.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 就在8點(diǎn)鐘他回來(lái)了。

　　四、祈使句 祈使句用來(lái)表達(dá)說話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、勸告等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。其主語(yǔ)是you，往往省略。常見的祈使句句型如下： 1．動(dòng)詞原形．..如： Lay down your arms！放下武器！ Be sure to get there before eight o’clock. 一定要在8點(diǎn)前趕到那兒。 2．Don’t或Never＋動(dòng)詞原形．..如： Never go out alone at night! 不要在夜晚單獨(dú)出去！ 3．Do＋動(dòng)詞原形．..(此句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào))。如： Do tell her about it.務(wù)必將此事告訴她。 4．主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形．..如： Tom，you go and see what’s happening. Tom，去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。 You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor. 你們女生，擦桌子。你們男生，打掃地板。 5．祈使句表示假設(shè)的情況 (1)“祈使句＋and＋陳述句(一般將來(lái)時(shí))”。它的兩種特殊形式： ①名詞詞組＋and＋陳述句 名詞詞組中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等詞。 One step further and you’ll fall down. 再多走一步，你就會(huì)掉下去。 Just a little patience and we’ll look into it soon. 耐心點(diǎn)兒，我們很快就會(huì)調(diào)查此事。 ②祈使句＋破折號(hào)＋陳述句 Try some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it. 嘗嘗這種果汁，也許你會(huì)喜歡的。

　　(2)“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陳述句”。相當(dāng)于“if...not＋主句”。 Hurry up or we’ll be late for the meeting.＝If we don’t hurry up，we’ll be late for the meeting. 快點(diǎn)，不然我們開會(huì)就遲到了。 謝謝觀看！ 第十一講

　　特殊句式 （倒裝、省略和強(qiáng)調(diào)等） 近幾年來(lái)高考對(duì)省略、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)及其他一些特殊句式的考查較多，不但考查各種句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，而且考查在具體語(yǔ)境中的用法，以及與定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合在一起的混合考查，有時(shí)還考查倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的變形。從試卷看，這類題目的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度及句意理解難度都加大了，并且注重知識(shí)類題目的情景也是近幾年高考命題的趨勢(shì)。省略句主要考查狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略。倒裝主要考查only＋狀語(yǔ)以及介詞、副詞、否定詞放在句首等。強(qiáng)調(diào)考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型以及和其它句型混合在一起的用法。 一、倒裝句用法一覽表 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 全部 倒裝 (把 全部 謂語(yǔ) 提到 主語(yǔ) 之前) 以here，there，in，up，down，away等副詞開頭，主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為be，come，go等 副詞＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ) There stands a

　　temple

　　on

　　the

　　top

　　of the mountain. Out rushed a cat from under the table. 以then，now，always，once，many a time，now and then，thus，such開頭，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為come，follow，begin，end，be，主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí) 副詞＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ) Now comes your turn. Often did I speak of him before. Always does she ask me for money. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 全部 倒裝 (把 全部 謂語(yǔ) 提到 主語(yǔ) 之前) 表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞 介詞短語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ) Between the two windows hangs a large map of China. Along the dusty road came a group of tourists. 分詞或表語(yǔ)置于句首，為了保持句子平衡，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)，或上下文銜接可倒裝 Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients. Present at the meeting were experts from Europe. Gone are the days when we were poor. Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi. such作表語(yǔ)時(shí) such＋be＋主語(yǔ) Such is life. Such is my reward. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) “only＋狀語(yǔ)”放于句首時(shí)

　　/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其它部分 Only then did I know the importance of learning. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after he finished the work did he leave.

　　＋be＋主語(yǔ)

　　Only＋＋助動(dòng)詞

　　＋though/as＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

　　類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) 含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never，nowhere，not，no，seldom，little，hardly，scarcely，barely，in no way，by no means，at no time，not until)位于句首時(shí) 否定副詞或詞組＋助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其他部分 Never before have I seen a moving film. Not until then did he realize his own fault. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than，not only...but(also)等引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝，后一個(gè)分句不變 hardly/no sooner/not only＋助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其他部分＋when/than/but also＋分句 Hardly/No sooner had he arrived when/than she started complaining. Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) so/such...that中的so/such部分位于句首時(shí) so＋adj./adv.＋系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其他部分＋that從句 So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) so/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也”或“也不”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或事物時(shí) so/neither/nor＋系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ). .. They love having lots of friends，so do those with disabilities. Lily can’t ride，neither/nor can Lucy. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) though/as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意為“盡管”，通常把句中狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞提前；若表語(yǔ)是名詞，其前不用冠詞

　　Man as he was，he behaved like a woman. Fail though he did，he would never give up. Old as/though he is，he is still working hard. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) 當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had，were或should時(shí)，如將if省略，則要將had，were或should移到主語(yǔ)之前 Had/Were/Should＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其他部分＋主句 Had I attended the meeting，I would have met Jim. 特別提醒： 1.there，here，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out等副詞置于句首，但主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)，不用倒裝。 2.only雖在句首，但不修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用正常語(yǔ)序。 3.so表示“是的，確實(shí)”時(shí)，主謂語(yǔ)不倒裝。 4.though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句也可不用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 5.當(dāng)前面兩件事或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時(shí)，通常用“so it is with...”或“it is the same with...” Here you are. Then he left. Away they hurried. Only I can go there. —It is hot. —So it is. Though he is young，he knows a lot. Tom likes singing，but he doesn’t like dancing.So it is with Mary. 二、省略句用法一覽表 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 賓語(yǔ) 從句 由which，when，where或how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中與主句重復(fù)的主語(yǔ)及謂語(yǔ)，可全部或部分省略，只保留一個(gè)連接代詞或連接副詞 He will come back，but he doesn’t know when(he will come back)． 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞that可省略。但要注意，及物動(dòng)詞后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)連詞that可省略 He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. I’m afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答語(yǔ)，后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定，賓語(yǔ)從句可省略 —Do you think it will rain？ —I hope not(that it will not rain)． 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 定語(yǔ) 從句 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，而且前面無(wú)介詞時(shí)可省略。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略 The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen. China is no longer a country(that)it used to be. 狀語(yǔ) 從句 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句的主語(yǔ)為it且從句中有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞 As(he was)a young man，he studied law and became a lawyer. He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something. The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected. If(it is)so，you must go back and get it. 虛擬 語(yǔ)氣 在虛擬條件句中，如含有had，were，should等助動(dòng)詞，if可省略，句子要用倒裝 Were I(＝If I were)twenty now，I would join the army. 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 動(dòng)詞 不定 式 不定式符號(hào) to的省略 感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞(如feel，see，hear，notice，let，make，have等)后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略to My mother wouldn’t let me go to see the film. 在do nothing but，can’t help but，why not，would rather...than...，prefer to do...rather than...等句式中 Rather than ride on a crowded bus，he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 不定式省略 使用不定式符號(hào)to來(lái)代替不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后邊 I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to. 在某些形容詞glad，happy，pleased，delighted，willing，ready，eager，anxious等后面 —Will you join in the game？ —I’d be glad to. 如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been —Are you a sailor？ —No，but I used to be. 三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句用法一覽表 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is/was...that/who可以對(duì)除謂語(yǔ)以外的成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“人”時(shí)，可用that或who，其他情況下用that It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)緊跟其主語(yǔ)，即人稱和數(shù)要一致 It is White and Betty who often

　　do

　　good deeds for the old lady. It is only I who/that am willing to go to see the film. 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 如果原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)須用：It is...that/who...；如原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則其結(jié)構(gòu)須用It was...that/who... It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. What is it that you want me to do？ “not...until...”句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was not until...that...” It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句型為：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that/who...？ Where was it that you met Jack yesterday？ 特別提醒： 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與其他從句的區(qū)別 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型要注意和it代表時(shí)間、距離、溫度、自然現(xiàn)象、具體事物或人物等時(shí)所構(gòu)成的各種句型的區(qū)別。判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，可采用“還原法”，即把“It is/was...that/who”去掉。如果還原為一般句式后，句子各種成分完整，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，否則不是。 種類 要點(diǎn)歸納 典句示例 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 的強(qiáng)調(diào) do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形 Do come on Sunday. He did finish the task completely last week. 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從句中that是充當(dāng)從句的成分的，而在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that無(wú)任何意義。 It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，that無(wú)意義) 湯姆是在公園里丟的那只手表。 It was the street that he took a photo of.(定語(yǔ)從句，that充當(dāng)從句中of的賓語(yǔ)) 他就是給這條街照的相。 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語(yǔ)從句，去掉it be和that句式不完整。若為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，去掉之后句式完整。 It is a fact that he is an honest man.(主語(yǔ)從句) 他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人，這是事實(shí)。 It is he that is an honest man.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 誠(chéng)實(shí)的人是他。 3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：尤其出現(xiàn)“it be＋時(shí)間”時(shí)，一定要區(qū)分是強(qiáng)調(diào)句還是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 It was eight o’clock when he came back.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句) 當(dāng)他回來(lái)時(shí)已經(jīng)8點(diǎn)了。 It was at eight o’clock that he came back.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 就在8點(diǎn)鐘他回來(lái)了。

　　四、祈使句 祈使句用來(lái)表達(dá)說話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、勸告等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。其主語(yǔ)是you，往往省略。常見的祈使句句型如下： 1．動(dòng)詞原形．..如： Lay down your arms！放下武器！ Be sure to get there before eight o’clock. 一定要在8點(diǎn)前趕到那兒。 2．Don’t或Never＋動(dòng)詞原形．..如： Never go out alone at night! 不要在夜晚單獨(dú)出去！ 3．Do＋動(dòng)詞原形．..(此句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào))。如： Do tell her about it.務(wù)必將此事告訴她。 4．主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形．..如： Tom，you go and see what’s happening. Tom，去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。 You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor. 你們女生，擦桌子。你們男生，打掃地板。 5．祈使句表示假設(shè)的情況 (1)“祈使句＋and＋陳述句(一般將來(lái)時(shí))”。它的兩種特殊形式： ①名詞詞組＋and＋陳述句 名詞詞組中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等詞。 One step further and you’ll fall down. 再多走一步，你就會(huì)掉下去。 Just a little patience and we’ll look into it soon. 耐心點(diǎn)兒，我們很快就會(huì)調(diào)查此事。 ②祈使句＋破折號(hào)＋陳述句 Try some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it. 嘗嘗這種果汁，也許你會(huì)喜歡的。

　　(2)“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陳述句”。相當(dāng)于“if...not＋主句”。 Hurry up or we’ll be late for the meeting.＝If we don’t hurry up，we’ll be late for the meeting. 快點(diǎn)，不然我們開會(huì)就遲到了。 謝謝觀看！ 第十一講

　　特殊句式 （倒裝、省略和強(qiáng)調(diào)等） 近幾年來(lái)高考對(duì)省略、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)及其他一些特殊句式的考查較多，不但考查各種句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，而且考查在具體語(yǔ)境中的用法，以及與定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合在一起的混合考查，有時(shí)還考查倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的變形。從試卷看，這類題目的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度及句意理解難度都加大了，并且注重知識(shí)類題目的情景也是近幾年高考命題的趨勢(shì)。省略句主要考查狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略。倒裝主要考查only＋狀語(yǔ)以及介詞、副詞、否定詞放在句首等。強(qiáng)調(diào)考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型以及和其它句型混合在一起的用法。 一、倒裝句用法一覽表 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 全部 倒裝 (把 全部 謂語(yǔ) 提到 主語(yǔ) 之前) 以here，there，in，up，down，away等副詞開頭，主語(yǔ)是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為be，come，go等 副詞＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ) There stands a

　　temple

　　on

　　the

　　top

　　of the mountain. Out rushed a cat from under the table. 以then，now，always，once，many a time，now and then，thus，such開頭，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為come，follow，begin，end，be，主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí) 副詞＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ) Now comes your turn. Often did I speak of him before. Always does she ask me for money. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 全部 倒裝 (把 全部 謂語(yǔ) 提到 主語(yǔ) 之前) 表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞 介詞短語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ) Between the two windows hangs a large map of China. Along the dusty road came a group of tourists. 分詞或表語(yǔ)置于句首，為了保持句子平衡，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)，或上下文銜接可倒裝 Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients. Present at the meeting were experts from Europe. Gone are the days when we were poor. Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi. such作表語(yǔ)時(shí) such＋be＋主語(yǔ) Such is life. Such is my reward. 類別 倒裝條件 倒裝方法 典句示例 部分倒裝(助動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞be，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前) “only＋狀語(yǔ)”放于句首時(shí)

　　/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)其它部分 Only then did I know the importance of learning. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after he finished the work did he leave.

　　＋be＋主語(yǔ)

　　Only＋＋助動(dòng)詞

　　＋though/as＋主謂結(jié)構(gòu)