2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)沖刺練：4 閱讀+完形+短文改錯(cuò)

由雕龍文庫(kù) 分享時(shí)間：2024-04-02 14:28:53 收藏本文

　　第4練　閱讀＋完形＋短文改錯(cuò)

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　體裁：演講稿　話題：成就夢(mèng)想　詞數(shù)：320　時(shí)間7′

　　Mrs.Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King Jr.High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement(畢業(yè)典禮) speech this year.The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University.

　　The first lady told the 170 graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academic achievements.While her success in college and law school led to a good job，she said，she ended up focusing on public service.“My message to you today is that don't waste a minute living someone else's dream，” she said.“It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won't find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net.”

　　She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experience in Chicago.My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me，” she said.“I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement.Unfortunately，schools like this don't exist for every kid，” she said.“You are blessed.”

　　The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become.“That's when you find out what you're really made of in those hard times，” she said.“But you can only do that if you're willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail.” Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people，she said，“Oprah was demoted(降職) from her first job as a news reporter，and now she doesn't even need a last name，” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey.“And then there's this guy Barack Obama.I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failures.He lost his first race for Congress”，the first lady joked，“and now he gets to call himself my husband.”

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇美國(guó)第一夫人米歇爾·奧巴馬致畢業(yè)生的演講稿，演講的主題是不要辜負(fù)自己的夢(mèng)想。

　　1．When choosing her high school，Mrs.Obama ________．

　　A．was willing to meet challenges

　　B．was pushed to make a choice

　　C．failed to find an ideal school

　　D．wanted to study law

　　答案　A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me”可知，她樂(lè)于面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。]

　　2．By mentioning Oprah's example，Mrs.Obama wanted to tell graduates ________．

　　A．to start as a news reporter

　　B．to work hard to get promoted

　　C．to be brave enough to risk failing

　　D．not to waste time doing what they dislike

　　答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四句中的“Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people”可推知，她提到Oprah，是想告訴畢業(yè)生們要勇敢地面對(duì)失敗，失敗只是他們C。]

　　3．What do we know about Mrs.Obama from the text?

　　A．This was the first time she had given a speech to graduates.

　　B．She complained about her school life in her speech.

　　C．She is a graduate of Tennessee State University.

　　D．She is enthusiastic about public service.

　　答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“she ended up focusing on public service”可知，D項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第一段可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)第三段可排除B項(xiàng)，米歇爾只是感慨這樣的學(xué)校并非為每個(gè)孩子而存在，并不是抱怨她的高中生活。故選D。]

　　4．Where can you probably find this text?

　　A．In a politics book.

　　B．On a news website.

　　C．In a graduation paper.

　　D．On Mrs.Obama's blog.

　　答案　B　[推理判斷題。本文是奧巴馬夫人致畢業(yè)生的演講稿，會(huì)成為一則熱點(diǎn)資訊，所以應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在資訊網(wǎng)站上。故選B。]

　　體裁：說(shuō)明文　話題：GPS的功能　詞數(shù)：365　時(shí)間：6′

　　Scientists know where earthquakes are likely to take place.But it is difficult for them to predict how strong an earthquake will be.Now，American researchers have found that it may be possible to predict the strength of future quakes.

　　The Earth's crust (地殼)—the outermost surface—is made up of large tectonic plates (地質(zhì)板塊)．As many as 20 tectonic plates cover the Earth.They move slowly，sometimes sliding under one another.Where that happens，earthquakes can take place.

　　Timothy H．Dixon is a geologist of the University of South Florida.He and other scientists are using the global positioning system，or GPS to measure what he calls “slow－slip” events.By that，he means slow－moving earthquakes that cannot be measured by other instruments.

　　“They're the kind of earthquake that made the big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami (海嘯) in 2004.So they can be the real killers.So what we think these slow－slip events are telling us is，they're letting off steam，so to speak，in areas of the fault.And if they let off enough steam，that part of the fault won't rupture．”

　　The more of the fault that ruptures，he says，the more powerful the earthquake is.

　　The scientists set up a number of GPS receivers 15 years ago in Costa Rica to measure the “slow－slip” events，which take place only every year or two.

　　People

　　always

　　want

　　know

　　when

　　an earthquake is going to happen.This technology cannot predict that.But Timothy Dixon says knowing how strong the quake might give officials time to improve building codes and make other preparations.

　　“You know the earthquake is more－or－less unavoidable.Even if you don't know exactly when it's going to happen，since you know it's going to happen，and you know how big it' s going to be，you can prepare accordingly.”

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　通過(guò)一般的方法只能了解到可能會(huì)在哪些地方發(fā)生地震，如果用GPS則能預(yù)測(cè)地震的強(qiáng)度。

　　5．When will an earthquake happen according to the passage?

　　A．When “slow－slip” plates meet each other.

　　B．When a tectonic plate is under another.

　　C．When two tectonic plates move at the same speed.

　　D．When tectonic plates move very slowly.

　　答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“sometimes sliding under one another.Where that happens，earthquakes can take place.”可知，當(dāng)一塊地質(zhì)板塊進(jìn)入到另一塊的下面時(shí)，地震就發(fā)生了。]

　　6．According to Timothy Dixon，“slow－slip” events ________．

　　A．can

　　lead

　　large，sometimes

　　deadly earthquakes

　　B．take place at any time every year in Costa Rica

　　C．mean slow and weak earthquakes

　　D．can never be turned into earthquakes

　　答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“They're the kind of earthquake that made the big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami in 2004.So they can be the real killers.”可知，這種2011年日本大地震和2004年蘇門(mén)答臘地震和海嘯發(fā)生的原因，它們是真正的殺手。由此可推知，這種慢速的板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致大的、致命的地震。]

　　7．The underlined word “rupture” probably means ________．

　　A．reduce

　　B．break

　　C．a(chǎn)ppear

　　D．a(chǎn)dvance

　　答案　B　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段可知，當(dāng)這樣rupture意為“破裂”。]

　　8．The passage mainly wants to tell the readers ________．

　　A．some knowledge about earthquakes

　　B．how to predict earthquakes

　　C．scientists are likely to predict the strength of future quakes

　　D．scientists can predict where earthquakes will happen with GPS

　　答案　C　[主旨大意題。第一段即為主題段，根據(jù)本段最后一句并結(jié)合后面的內(nèi)容可知，文章旨在告訴讀者，今后科學(xué)家能夠預(yù)測(cè)地震的強(qiáng)度。]

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　(2024·寶雞二檢)One evening after reading a story entitled “A Lady”，I began to recall an important moment in my life.It was simple but so precious that it has __9__ inside my mind for years.

　　It was a very cold winter evening when a friend of mine got seriously __10__ and was rushed to Westchester Medical Center，where she stayed unconscious for quite a while.Finally she was __11__．A friend and I decided to __12__ her，so we bought some flowers and were on our way.After quickly parking the car and signing in，we reached her __13__，but only a few minutes were __14__ with her.Pretty soon after our __15__，we were asked to leave by the nurses.

　　We headed out to the car.__16__ did we know that we had to pay for parking.We had no money aside from a spare dollar or two __17__ from our lunch money that day.We had no idea what to do，so I __18__ to pay with whatever money we had，__19__ of course，I was way off.

　　A very sweet－h(huán)earted woman cleared her throat and said “Excuse me” in order to catch my __20__．She handed me a $ 20 bill.I __21__ that she should give me her __22__ and address and I will __23__ pay her back.She refused.I thanked her for her __24__ and told her how much it was appreciated.She turned to me and __25__ with one sentence，“Thank you；being able to help you makes me happy，too.”Her words were so unusual that I was very __26__ to hear that.

　　What she did might be considered a small act of __27__，but it is something I will never forget because it taught me that helping others could __28__ both the givers and the receivers.

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文為一篇記敘文。作者無(wú)錢(qián)付停車(chē)費(fèi)

　　9．A.struggled

　　B．remained

　　C．changed

　　D．recovered

　　答案　B　[根據(jù)“so precious that”可知，它很珍貴，以至于留在作者心里多年。struggle“奮斗”；remain“留下”；change“改變”；recover“恢復(fù)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。]

　　10．A.injured

　　B．misunderstood

　　C．punished

　　D．scolded

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)后文中的“where she stayed unconscious for quite a while”可知，作者的朋友傷(injured)得很重。misunderstand“誤解”；punish“懲罰”；scold“責(zé)罵”。]

　　11．A.mad

　　B．ill

　　C．a(chǎn)wake

　　D．a(chǎn)sleep

　　答案　C　[根據(jù)前文中的“she stayed unconscious for quite a while”及下文作者和朋友決定去看她可知，此處表示她終于醒(awake)了。]

　　12．A.look

　　B．pity

　　C．find

　　D．visit

　　答案　D　[根據(jù)后文中的“so we bought some flowers and were on our way”可知，作者和一個(gè)朋友決定去探望她。visit“拜訪，探望”，符合語(yǔ)境。]

　　13．A.room

　　B．home

　　C．school

　　D．office

　　答案　A　[前文提到作者和一個(gè)朋友去探望那個(gè)受傷的朋友，后文提到護(hù)士要求他們離開(kāi)，因此他們是去了她的病房。]

　　14．A.counted

　　B．saved

　　C．a(chǎn)dded

　　D．a(chǎn)llowed

　　答案　D　[根據(jù)后文中的“Pretty soon after our __15__，we were asked to leave by the nurses”可知，作者和朋友只被允許和她在一起待幾分鐘。allow“允許”，符合語(yǔ)境。]

　　15．A.experience

　　B．a(chǎn)rrival

　　C．disappearance

　　D．interview

　　答案　B　[探視時(shí)間很短，所以作者和朋友到達(dá)病房后很快就被護(hù)士請(qǐng)了出來(lái)。experience“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；arrival“到達(dá)”；disappearance“消失”；interview“采訪”。故選B項(xiàng)。]

　　16．A.Little

　　B．Actually

　　C．Clearly

　　D．Much

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)“did we know”可知，此處使用了部分倒裝，選項(xiàng)中只有將表示否定意義的詞little放于句首才能構(gòu)成倒裝，因此選擇A。]

　　17．A.earned

　　B．left

　　C．exchanged

　　D．borrowed

　　答案　B　[根據(jù)前文可知，作者和朋友不知道要付停車(chē)費(fèi)，后文提到他們不知道該怎么辦，所以他們除了吃午飯剩下的一兩美元外就沒(méi)錢(qián)了。leave“留下，剩下”，符合語(yǔ)境。]

　　18．A.attempted

　　B．pretended

　　C．a(chǎn)fforded

　　D．continued

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)前文中的“We had no idea what to do”及“so”的因果關(guān)系可知，此處表示作者試圖(attempted)用所有能拿出來(lái)的錢(qián)來(lái)支付。pretend“假裝”；afford“買(mǎi)得起”；continue“繼續(xù)”。]

　　19．A.because

　　B．a(chǎn)nd

　　C．a(chǎn)lthough

　　D．or

　　答案　B　[作者想B。]

　　20．A.smile

　　B．word

　　C．a(chǎn)ttention

　　D．impression

　　答案　C　[根據(jù)前文中的“cleared her throat and said‘Excuse me’”可知，對(duì)方是想引起作者的注意。catch one's attention“吸引某人的注意力”。]

　　21．A.insisted

　　B．imagined

　　C．thought

　　D．believed

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者堅(jiān)持讓對(duì)方留下聯(lián)系方式以便以后把錢(qián)還給她。insist“堅(jiān)持”，符合語(yǔ)境。從句中使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。]

　　22．A.account

　　B．title

　　C．contract

　　D．name

　　答案　D　[根據(jù)后文中的“and address and I will __23__ pay her back”可知，作者希望她把姓名(name)和地址留下以便于以后還錢(qián)。]

　　23．A.probably

　　B．certainly

　　C．publicly

　　D．honestly

　　答案　B　[作者很感激對(duì)方，說(shuō)將來(lái)一定(certainly)要把錢(qián)還給她。probably“可能”；publicly“公開(kāi)地”；honestly“誠(chéng)實(shí)地”。]

　　24．A.publicity

　　B．loyalty

　　C．generosity

　　D．creativity

　　答案　C　[對(duì)方遞給了作者20美元，幫助作者付了停車(chē)費(fèi)，因此作者感謝她的慷慨相助。publicity“公開(kāi)，宣傳”；loyalty“忠誠(chéng)”；generosity“慷慨”；creativity“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)造力”。故選C項(xiàng)。]

　　25．A.started

　　B．shouted

　　C．followed

　　D．replied

　　答案　D　[此處指對(duì)方用一句話回答了作者。reply“回答，回應(yīng)”。]

　　26．A.frightened

　　B．a(chǎn)nxious

　　C．surprised

　　D．calm

　　答案　C　[根據(jù)對(duì)方的話以及“so unusual”可知，作者感到吃驚。frightened“害怕的”；anxious“焦慮的”；surprised“吃驚的”；calm“平C項(xiàng)。]

　　27．A.respect

　　B．order