6. that/which 根據先行詞activities表示事情, 我們可知填上that/which，在從句中作賓語。 7. who/that 從先行詞和句子結構可知正確答案，who/that作主語。 8. which 根據前面的介詞into以及先行詞English，我們可知答案。 9. which 根據前面的介詞through，我們可知填上which, which在這里是修飾前面整個句子。 10. As 引導定語從句，意思是“正如”。 三、單句改錯

　?、?名詞性從句 1. Exactly how the tomato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.

　　how→ when

　　由1565可知，不能確定的是番茄被引入中國的“時間”，故用when引導主語從句，在從句中作時間狀語。 2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s when I was born.”

　　when→ where

　　醫院應是她出生的“地點”，故用where引導表語從句，在從句中作地點狀語。 3. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is that my mother used to tell me.

　　that→ what

　　意思是“這就是我兄弟以前常常跟我說的”，在表語從句中作tell的賓語，故用連接代詞what。

　　4. It makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

　　It→ What

　　引導主語從句并在從句中作主語，用連接代詞what。 5. From space, the earth looks blue. This is how about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.

　　how→ why

　　因“71%的地表為水所覆蓋”是“地球看起來是藍色”的原因，故用because引導表語從句。請比較：About seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water。This is why the earth looks blue from space. 6. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.

　　在he前加that

　　句中it作形式主語，that 引導主語從句。

　　7. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose whatever suits you best. whatever→ whichever

　　指在前面提到的五種課程中“任選一種”, 有選擇范圍，要用whichever引導賓語從句，并在從句中作主語。 whichever與whatever的區別，類似于which與what，有范圍用which，無范圍才用what。 8. It doesn’t matter if you pay by cash or credit card in this store.

　　if→ whether

　　因whether...or…(不管……還是……)是固定搭配。

　　9. Our teachers always tell us to believe in that what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 去掉that

　　因句中已有連接代詞what引導賓語從句并在從句中作do的賓語了。 10. When the news came how the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. how→ that

　　因the war broke out是the news的同位語從句，從句的結構和意義已完整了，故用that 引導。 Ⅱ.狀語從句 1. He can’t come because of he is ill. 去掉because后的of

　　因because of是介詞，而because才是連詞，he is ill是句子，要用連詞。

　　2. She studied hard so that could catch up with others. 在that后加she

　　因so that引導目的狀語從句，從句要有主語。 3. Only we keep optimistic can we succeed. 在only后加when

　　因only后接的是一個狀語從句，需要有連詞，根據句意，用when。

　　4. When he hesitating, a man came up to him. 在he后加was

　　狀語從句的謂語不完整，需加was構成過去進行時。 5. Although she was in poor health, but she continued to carry out her duties.

　　去掉but

　　在讓步狀語從句中，although不與but連用。

　　6. I will stick to my plan if you agree with me or not. if→ whether

　　表示“無論，不管”，用whether…or…引導讓步狀語從句。 7. I lived in this house since I came to this city. 在lived前加have

　　因since引導時間狀語從句，主句用現在完成時。

　　8. I had hardly got home than it began to rain. than→ when

　　表示“剛……就……”，hardly…when與no sooner…than，不可混用。 9. We left in so a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. so→ such

　　因修飾名詞hurry，用such。

　　10. He came in quietly in order to he wouldn’t wake his wife. to→ that

　　因in order to后接動詞原形, 如后接從句，則用in order that。 Ⅲ. 定語從句 1. There was a time that he didn’t get along well with his classmates. that → when

　　先行詞time 在從句中作時間狀語，應該用關系副詞when引導定語從句。There was a time when… 可譯為“曾經有一段時間……”。 2. Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of who agreed that it was the best of this year. who→ whom

　　在引導定語從句的“介詞+關系代詞”中，先行詞是人時，只能用whom，先行詞是事物時，只能用which。 3. The earthquake was felt in Beijing, that is more than two hundred kilometres away. that→ which

　　逗號后引導非限制性定語從句，指代事物，只能用which。

　　4. This is the best method which has been used against pollution. which → that

　　先行詞method 被最高級the best 修飾，只能用that 引導定語從句。 5. The school shop, which customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. which→ whose

　　定語從句中customers 與shop 是從屬關系，應該用whose，whose customers相當于the customers of which。

　　6. Which is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. Which → As

　　引導定語從句放在句首，譯為“正如”，用as。 7. The Great Wall was built in a time that countries were at war. that →when

　　先行詞是時間，在從句中作狀語，用when引導定語從句。

　　8. She told her mother she would not marry anyone that she didn’t love. that →who

　　當先行詞為anyone, those, he 等代詞指代人時，關系代詞只能用who。 9. The school which I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home.

　　which →where, 或在which 前加上at

　　先行詞school 在從句中作狀語，表示地點，應用關系副詞where，或用“at which”引導定語從句。 10. The reason why he gave for not coming was that his mother didn’t allow him to.

　　why→ which/that

　　先行詞reason在定語從句中作gave 的賓語，不用關系副詞why (相當于for which), 而應該用關系代詞which, that或省略不用。 ⑸ as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(這是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as often happens(正如經常發生的那樣)；as is known to all(眾所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)；等等。

　　熟讀深思

　　It was the summer of 2024, when［1］ I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place, where［2］ I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, the roof of which［3］ looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason why［4］ I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along with my classmates here, two of whom［5］ are my best friends. Jack, who［6］ comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active.

　　He likes various sports, among which［7］he likes running very much. He will run 5 kilometers every day, which［8］ makes him look strong. Nick, whose［9］ father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things that［10］ we see in our school. Nick prefers the food that［11］ is made in our canteen. The teacher whom［12］ he likes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.

　　漢語譯文：我是在2024年的夏天來到廣寧一中讀書的。我們學校環境優美，在這里我可以看見一棟棟的高樓大廈和一個寬闊的廣場。我們班位于學校的中心，遠遠看去我們班上面就像一枚火箭。但我真正喜歡這個學校的原因是我在這里結交了很多朋友。我跟我的同學相處得很融洽，當中我有兩個要好的朋友。Jack來自潭布中學，他很活躍。他喜歡各種各樣的運動,當然他最喜歡的是跑步。他每天都堅持跑5公里,讓他看起來很強壯。而Nick父親是聯和中學的一名教師,他學習非常用功。我們經常在一起談論我們學校的人和事情。Nick喜歡我們學校飯堂的飯菜。他最喜歡的老師是數學老師——張老師，而我最喜歡英語老師——陳老師。說真的，我已經慢慢地喜歡上我們的學校啦。

　　熟讀深思

　　本文作者敘述了來到廣寧中學讀書后的所見所聞。 1. 先行詞是the summer of 2024，在定語從句中作時間狀語，用關系副詞when (=in which, during which)引導定語從句。 2. 先行詞是a wonderful place, 在從句中作地點狀語, 用關系副詞where (=at which)引導定語從句。 3. 先行詞是Our classroom, 直接在介詞of后作其賓語, 先行詞是物時, 只能用which。the roof of which中的of表所屬關系, 意為“我們的教室的屋頂”。 4. 先行詞是the reason，在定語從句中作原因狀語，只能用why引導。 5. 先行詞是my classmates，直接在介詞of后作其賓語，先行詞是人時，只能用whom。two of whom 中的of表示部分與整的關系，意為“我的同班同學中的兩個人”。 6. 先行詞是Jack，在定語從句中作主語，用who引導。 7. 先行詞是various sports，直接在介詞among后作賓語，只能用which。 8. 先行詞是He will run 5 kilometers every day整個句子，并在從句中作主語，用which引導。 9. 先行詞是Nick，在從句中作定語，表示Nick’s，用whose引導。 10. 先行詞是the people and the things，既包括人又包括事物，通常只用that引導。 11. 先行詞是the food，在定語從句中作主語, 故用that或which引導。 12. 先行詞是the teacher，在定語從句中作likes的賓語，故用whom引導。

　　主從復合句與高考

　　1. 主從復合句是高考語法填空的必考點，也是寫作中必用的表達手段。

　　解題方法：當空格前后都是句子(一個主謂關系算一個句子)，且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞時，應填關聯詞；若其中一個句子是作整個句子的一個成分，如定語、狀語(如時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步等)，或者主語、賓語、表語、同位語等時，就要填引導從句的關聯詞。

　　根據一個句子在整個句子中所作句子成分確定從句類型后，就根據該類從句的關聯詞的使用特點確定具體的關聯詞。

　　2.短文改錯中，常見錯誤有連詞的多用或少用以及誤用。如用that引導非限制性定語從句，after與before錯用，導致邏輯錯誤等。 1.

　　___he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.

　　因he thought…與he was wrong是兩個句子，且兩者之間沒有關聯詞，必定是填關聯詞；根據兩句之間的邏輯關系，應填表示條件的If。意為“要是他想坐后排可以逃避老師注意，那他就錯了”。

　　If 一、單句填空 用適當的連詞填空。

　　靈活運用

　　2. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,

　　______made her feel like a star. 引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個句子。 which 3. The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______the boy would do. 引導賓語從句并在從句中作do的賓語, 故用連接代詞。

　　what

　　4. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _____ the bus arrived. 空格前后都是句子且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞, 應填關聯詞; 由兩句之間的邏輯關系可知, 是“等到車來”, 表示“直到”用until, 引導時間狀語從句。 until 5. Behind him were other people to ______ 21 he was trying to talk. 空格前后都是句子且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞, 應填關聯詞; 后面一句應當這樣理解he was trying to talk to the people, 可見,后面一句是定語從句, 先行詞是people, 直接在介詞后應用關系代詞whom引導定語從句。 whom 6. We understand this lesson best _______ we receive gifts of love from children.

　　引導時間狀語從句，表示“當……時”。 when 7. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _____

　　had been his teacher.

　　引導定語從句并在從句中作主語, 先行詞是表示人的an elder, 故填who。 who 8. Jane paused in front of a counter

　　_______some attractive ties were on display. 因兩句之間沒有連詞, 必定是填連詞；后句是定語從句, 要填的詞在從句中作地點狀語, 故填關系副詞where。 where 9. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. 引導同位語從句, 說明idea的具體內容; 從句的結構和意義完整, 用that引導。

　　that 10. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away _____ there was a garage. 先行詞是a small town, 并在定語從句中作狀語, 用where (=in which)引導定語從句。注意, 先行詞與定語從句之間被some 20 kilometers away隔開了。 where 二、語篇填空

　　I like reading very much. My classmates question is 1 ______I began to love reading. Actually, I love reading as a child. I grew up in

　　a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was 2______ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. 3 ______I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies.

　　when

　　that

　　That

　?、?名詞性從句 My love of reading was credited with the fact 4 _____my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It’s not really surprising 5 _____literature became my vocation.

　　Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women’s legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. 6 ________ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall, her research showed me the answer.

　　that

　　that

　　Whether

　　She argued 7 ______wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts 8 ______ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a specialist in women’s illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. 9 _____made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 10 ______she didn’t choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now. that

　　how

　　What

　　Why

　　作者介紹了自己喜歡閱讀的原因及最近的閱讀情況。 1. when

　　表語從句。根據下一句“I love reading as a child.”可知用when引導。 2. that

　　表語從句。that不作句子成分，沒有任何意思，但不能省略。 3. That

　　主語從句。 4. that

　　同位語從句。說明the fact的具體內容。 5. that

　　主語從句。it作形式主語。 6. Whether 主語從句。 7. that 賓語從句。that 在這里不作成分，沒有任何意思，可以省略。 8. how 同位語從句。指“怎樣成功的”，故用how。 9. What 主語從句。what在從句中作主語。 10. Why 主語從句。why在這里表原因。

　　My classmate Michael studied very hard 1____ he went to senior school. Every day he worked