【人教課標(biāo)版】高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 精品語(yǔ)法(課件):專(zhuān)題8 正反解讀情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
19.[2010·浙江卷]
Had I known about this computer program,
a huge amount of time and energy ________.
A.would have been saved
B.had been saved
C.will be saved
D.was saved
【解析】 A 本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)Had I known提示,可知此句是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,且與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,故主句謂語(yǔ)用would have done的形式。此外本句還是被動(dòng),選A。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 20.[2010·湖南卷]
You ________ buy a gift,but you can if you want to.
A.must
B.mustn't
C.have to
D.don't have to
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
don’t have to意為“沒(méi)有必要”,符合語(yǔ)境。
句意為:你沒(méi)有必要買(mǎi)禮物,但如果你想買(mǎi)的話(huà),你也可以買(mǎi)。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 21.[2010·陜西卷]
— May I take this book out of the reading room?
— No,you________. You read it in here.
A.mightn't
B.won't
C.needn't
D.mustn't
【解析】 D 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示“禁止;千萬(wàn)別做某事”時(shí),要用mustn't。 22.[2010·江西卷]
I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A.Must
B.Can
C.May
D.Will
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。must在此意為“必須……嗎?非得……嗎?” ,句意為:前半句說(shuō)我告訴你事實(shí)了, 這里用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響, 既然我已經(jīng)說(shuō)了, 我還必須重復(fù)一遍嗎? 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 23.[2010·江蘇卷]
—
I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—
Don’t worry. You ________have it by Friday.
A.could
B.shall
C.must
D.may
【解析】 B 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱(chēng)時(shí),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅,本句表示允諾。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 24.[2010·江蘇卷]
George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A.focus
B.focused
C.would focus
D.had focused
【解析】 B 本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
would rather+從句,從句表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)虛擬時(shí)應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 25.[2010·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]
Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A.can't
B.needn't
C.may not
D.will not
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。
句意:耐心一點(diǎn)兒, 你不能期望世界變化如此快。通過(guò)選項(xiàng)此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, can’t在否定句中可以表示推測(cè), 譯為不可能,可以表示能力, 譯為不能夠,語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。也可以表示命令, 不允許, 但是語(yǔ)氣比mustn’t弱, 具有勸慰的意思, 根據(jù)句意此題中選擇A, can’t表示勸慰。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 26.[2010·福建卷] Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A.not allow
B.do not allow
C.mustn't allow
D.couldn't allow
【解析】 A 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意為:教師們建議:為了孩子們的安全,父母不應(yīng)讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車(chē)去學(xué)校。recommend意為“建議”,其后接的賓語(yǔ)從句采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should可以省略。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 27.[2010·天津卷] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.
A.needn't
B.wouldn't
C.mustn't
D.couldn't
【解析】 A needn't have done 本沒(méi)有必要做某事,實(shí)際上做了。句意:邁克本來(lái)不必要那么忙的。這么高速駕駛之后, 他早半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)了。根據(jù)后面的語(yǔ)境, 提前半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá), 說(shuō)明Mark本來(lái)不必那么匆忙, 所以用needn’t
have done 結(jié)構(gòu), 表示 “本來(lái)不必要做某事的而實(shí)際上做了”。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 28.[2010·重慶卷] You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit.
A.wouldn't
B.needn't
C.couldn't
D.mustn't
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。由句意“這里是緊急出口”,可知此處不允許停車(chē),所以用mustn't表示“禁止,不許”。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 29.[2010·北京卷] —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah,good morning. You ________be Mrs. Peters.
A.might
B.must
C.would
D.can
【解析】 B 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。 第一個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)和史密斯小姐有約, 那下面的人就回應(yīng)說(shuō), "那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了“,用must來(lái)表示肯定推測(cè)。 30.[2010·山東卷]
I ____________ have watched that movie — it'll give me horrible dreams.
A.shouldn't
B.needn't
C.couldn't
D.mustn't
【解析】 A shouldn't have done意為“本不應(yīng)該做但實(shí)際已經(jīng)做了(表達(dá)后悔的情緒)” . e.g. You should have invited me to your wedding, but you forgot. 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 (3) 當(dāng)條件從句的行為與主句所表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),主從句中動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所標(biāo)示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,這就是所謂的“錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣”。如:
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話(huà),現(xiàn)在干得就會(huì)容易些了。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不聽(tīng)我的建議,他就不會(huì)干得這么好了。 (4) 在條件句中,如果有were, had, should等,則可省略if,但應(yīng)注意把were, had, should等提到從句主語(yǔ)之前。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀 如:If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. = Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他來(lái),我將和他一道參加討論。 (5) 有些虛擬條件句沒(méi)有從句,虛擬條件句是通過(guò)上下文或介詞短語(yǔ)表示出來(lái)的。如:
But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是沒(méi)有空氣和水,地球上就沒(méi)有生命。(介詞短語(yǔ)but for提供了虛擬條件)
With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的幫助,我們就可以早些完成任務(wù)。(介詞短語(yǔ)with your help充當(dāng)虛擬條件句) 專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀 2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在wish從句中的用法 專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀 賓語(yǔ)從句 愿望 I wish 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞 過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 主語(yǔ)+would/might+動(dòng)詞原形 將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是個(gè)醫(yī)生就好了。(現(xiàn)在) I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下來(lái)。(將來(lái)) I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(過(guò)去) 3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的使用 (1) 在insist;command,order;demand,request,require,desire;advise, propose, suggest,recommend 等表示“命令、要求、建議”的動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:
He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once. 他要她立刻離開(kāi)這所房子。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀
He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.
他建議我們應(yīng)該用發(fā)展的眼光處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 (2) 與上述動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should可省略)。如:
My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我的建議是為這個(gè)計(jì)劃設(shè)定一個(gè)上交的期限。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀 (3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 結(jié)構(gòu)中,主語(yǔ)從句中也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:
It's required that every student be on time for school.
要求每個(gè)學(xué)生準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校。 (4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑問(wèn)句中作插入語(yǔ)時(shí),句子的動(dòng)詞也使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,其中should可以省略。如:
What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?
你建議我們買(mǎi)什么類(lèi)型的電腦呢? 專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀 (5) 在It's+necessary,essential,important, strange, natural等形容詞+ that從句或It's a pity,a shame等名詞+ that 從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用should do。如:
It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 這位重傷員必須馬上治療。
It's a pity that you should be so careless.
你竟然如此粗心,真是可惜。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀 4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法
在as if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況;用過(guò)去完成式,表示與過(guò)去相反的情況等。其變化與wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句的變化相同。如:
I've loved you as if you were my relative.
我一直愛(ài)你仿佛你是我的親人。 5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他一些句型中的用法 (1) It's high/above time (that-)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用過(guò)去式,也可使用should+動(dòng)詞原形;表示“早該……了”,其中should不可省略。如:
It's high/above time we got up/should get up. 我們?cè)缭撈鸫擦恕?專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀 (2) would rather+從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況相反;用過(guò)去完成式,表示與過(guò)去的情況相反。如:
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來(lái)。 (3) if only…要是……多好啊。如:
If only you hadn't offended him. 你當(dāng)時(shí)不惹他就好了。
If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能來(lái)就好了。 (4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如:
May you succeed!祝你成功!
Long live the People's Republic of China.
中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲!
專(zhuān)題八 │ 正面解讀 1.
【誤】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night.
【正】 The streets are all dry; it can't have rained last night.
【解析】 對(duì)某一事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)不能用must,而要用can't 或couldn't表示“不可能”。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 反面解讀 反面解讀 2. 【誤】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess.
【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess.
【解析】 猜的事情發(fā)生在昨天,因此要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done形式,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),很容易忽略它的時(shí)態(tài)意義,要特別留意。 3. 【誤】 He must be very friendly at times.
【正】 He can be very friendly at times.
【解析】 句意為:他有時(shí)會(huì)很友好。可知此處并非對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測(cè),而是一種理論上的可能性,因此用can。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 反面解讀 4. 【誤】 I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday.
【正】 I can't find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday.
【解析】 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè),通常用must/may/might have done sth. 另外,表示“把……忘記在某地”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞leave。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 反面解讀 5. 【誤】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out.
【正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out.
【解析】 表示在過(guò)去成功地做到了某事,肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 反面解讀 6. 【誤】 Will I open the window for you?
【正】 Shall I open the window for you?
【解析】 shall與第一、第三人稱(chēng)連用,表示征求意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示,這時(shí)不可用will。will通常與第二人稱(chēng)連用,即Will you…? 7. 【誤】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water.
【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water.
【解析】 根據(jù)第一句可知,植物已經(jīng)死亡,所以應(yīng)該是自責(zé):本應(yīng)該多澆些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本應(yīng)該做……而未做”。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 反面解讀 8. 【誤】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【解析】 當(dāng)條件中含有were, had, should等時(shí),可省略if,從而把were, had, should提到主語(yǔ)之前。若條件句為否定句,則只把were, had, should提前,not仍放在主語(yǔ)之后。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 反面解讀 9. 【誤】 If only I saw the film yesterday.
【正】 If only I had seen the film yesterday.
【解析】 if only后句子若表示過(guò)去的一種愿望,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成式,即if only sb. had done sth. 。
專(zhuān)題八 │ 反面解讀 1. — Everyone in my class passed the exam.
— Oh,really?It ________ difficult.
A.can't have been
B.needn't have been
C.must be
D.mightn't be
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
表示否定的推測(cè)應(yīng)使用 can‘t /cannot。
對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行推測(cè),表示“一定不”應(yīng)使用 can‘t have done。
句意為: “我們班上每個(gè)人都通過(guò)了考試。”
“哦,真的嗎?那題目一定不難。” 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 2. [2009·安徽卷]
Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they ________ just be quiet people.
A.must
B.may
C.should
D.Would
【解析】 B
句意為:有些人不喜歡講話(huà)不一定是害羞,他們可能是安靜的人。此處用may表示“可能”之意。 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 3. — Why didn't you answer the phone last night?
— I ________ when you called.
A.had to have slept
B.had to be sleeping
C.must have been sleeping
D.must have slept
【解析】 C 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)合語(yǔ)境來(lái)看,這是對(duì)過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生事情的肯定推測(cè),再結(jié)合題意,應(yīng)該是must have been doing結(jié)構(gòu),選C。
專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 4.When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night.
A.might
B.must
C.should
D.would
【解析】 D 這里描述的是過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(或過(guò)去經(jīng)常做的事情)。
e.g.
After dinner, he would sit around Grandpa, listening to his stories. 專(zhuān)題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 5. — This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands.
— It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A.took; took
B.have taken; took