高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件《Module 4 Great Scientists》(外研版必修4)
知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)四
語法 1. 復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài) (1)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:English is taught in most schools in China. 中國大多數(shù)學(xué)校都教英語。(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) They were given a warm sendoff. 他們受到熱烈的歡送。(一般過去時(shí)) I’m afraid I am being followed. 恐怕我被人跟蹤了。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)) The case has recently been tried. 案子最近已經(jīng)審過了。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) Their wedding will be held in the church. 他們的婚禮將在教堂里舉行。(一般將來時(shí)) All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived. 他們到達(dá)時(shí),所有的票已經(jīng)售完了。(過去完成時(shí)) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) (2)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)值得注意的幾個(gè)問題 ①表示某處有某人或某物的there be結(jié)構(gòu)、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)及不及物動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),不能變被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例句:We study hard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。 ②動(dòng)詞have不論表示“有”,還是表示其他動(dòng)作,雖是及物動(dòng)詞,用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)可以帶賓語,但不可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。 例句:We have three meals a day.我們一天吃三餐。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③有些及物動(dòng)詞表示某種情況或狀態(tài),而不表示動(dòng)作,如become,comprise,contain,equal,fit,hold,join,lack,mean,resemble,suit等。與此相似的look like,consist of,become of,belong to等不可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。 例句:I think it’ll fit me quite well before long. 我想它很快就會(huì)適合我。 ④短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):有些短語動(dòng)詞在意義上相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,所以也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。短語動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是一個(gè)不可分割的詞組,在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此,不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。 例句:That old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常受人嘲笑。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ⑤情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。 例句:The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.計(jì)劃必須盡快執(zhí)行。 ⑥帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):由其中一個(gè)賓語作主語,常為表示人的間接賓語。 例句:He was given some books. Some books were given(to)him. 有人給了他一些書。 ⑦帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):由賓語作主語,原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。 例句:We elected him our monitor. 我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長。 He was elected our monitor by us. 他被我們選為班長。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ⑧不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 主動(dòng)句中的賓語如果是不帶to的不定式,在變成被動(dòng)句中的主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),to不能省去。 例句:She heard him sing a song just now. He was heard to sing a song just now. 她聽到他剛才唱了一首歌。 ⑨被動(dòng)語態(tài)和“連系動(dòng)詞be+表語(過去分詞)”的區(qū)別 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作,而“連系動(dòng)詞be+表語(過去分詞)”表示狀態(tài)。 例句:The door was locked by the monitor. 門是班長鎖的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The door was locked. 門鎖著。(連系動(dòng)詞+表語) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①M(fèi)any new opportunities and challenges ________ in the future for those with a university education. A.are open B.have been opened C.are open up D.will be opened up 【解析】句意為:對那些受過高等教育的人來說,將來新的機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)是很多的。這是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選D。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②Thirty percent of Jane’s income ________ on clothing every year. A.is spent B.had been spent C.is being spent D.has been spent 【解析】句意為:簡每年收入的百分之三十都花在衣服上。Jane’s income與spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;注意時(shí)間狀語every year,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 【答案】A 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③If Newton lived today,he would be surprised by what ________ in science and technology. A.had discovered B.had been discovered C.has discovered D.has been discovered 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為:如果牛頓今天還活著,他一定會(huì)對現(xiàn)在科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)大吃一驚的。表示“迄今為止”的發(fā)現(xiàn),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。又discover與what之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選D。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. by+v.-ing形式 by表示行為的主語,表示方法、手段或所用的工具,后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,構(gòu)成by+v.-ing的形式。表示以某種方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)某種目標(biāo)。 例句:He makes a living by begging from door to door. 他靠挨家挨戶乞討為生。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 拓展: ①不涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by,名詞前不帶冠詞,如by sea,by water,by land,by rail,by air等。 ②涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by,但名詞須用單數(shù),其前面不加冠詞或任何修飾語,如by bike,by taxi等。 ③by與the連用,表示時(shí)間或度量單位。 例如:rent a car by the day(the week/the month) 按日(周、月)租用汽車 sell sth.by the dozen(the yard)成打(碼)賣…… pay sb.by the day/hour...按天/小時(shí)付款給某人 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ④by weight按重量計(jì)算 ⑤表示程度或數(shù)量 例如:lose the match by one goal以一分之差輸?shù)袅吮荣?⑥表示尺寸 例句:This room is forty feet by twenty. 這個(gè)房間長40英尺,寬20英尺。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①He had planned to go there _______ 9:00 a.m., but the train is ________ time. A.on;on B.by;behind C.by;on D.on;ahead 【解析】by置于具體時(shí)間前面,是“不遲于,在……之前”的意思;behind time“延遲,遲到”,是固定短語。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②Only by ________ science and technology can we make our country stronger. A.rely on B.relying on C.depend on D.depending 【解析】by+v.-ing表示“以某種方式”,故排除A、C項(xiàng);D項(xiàng)若depending后加上on也正確。rely on“依靠,依賴”,符合題意。 【答案】B Thank you ! 必修4 Module 4
Great Scientists 課程解讀 話題 Great Scientists(偉大的科學(xué)家)連線高考[2010湖南,閱讀理解B][2010福建,閱讀理解A] 功能 Talking about numbers(談?wù)摂?shù)字) 語法 1.Revision of the passive voice(復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)) 2.by+-ing form(by+動(dòng)詞的-ing結(jié)構(gòu)) 課程解讀 重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展 1.major adj.主要的2.figure n.人物 3.publish vt.出版4.support vt.支持 5.convert vt.改變;轉(zhuǎn)換6.export vt.出口 7.replace vt.取代;以……代替 8.quantity n.數(shù)量9.diagnose vt.診斷 10.victim n.受害者 11.brief adj.簡短的;簡潔的 12.personal adj.個(gè)人的 13.escape vi.逃跑;逃避 14.clear vi.(煙霧)消散 15.educate vt.教育→education n.教育→educator n.教育家 16.agriculture n.農(nóng)業(yè)→agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的 17.original adj.最初的→origin n.起點(diǎn),開端 18.producer n.生產(chǎn)者→produce v.生產(chǎn)→production n.產(chǎn)量 19.graduate vi.畢業(yè)→graduation
n.畢業(yè)→graduate n.畢業(yè)生 20.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸,爆炸聲 課程解讀 重點(diǎn)短語 1.bring up培養(yǎng);養(yǎng)育 2.the key to...……的關(guān)鍵 3.convert to...轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?4.earn one’s living謀生 5.come to power掌權(quán) 6.bring in帶來,引進(jìn) 7.well done做得好 8.be known for因……而出名/聞名 重點(diǎn)句型 1.The key to doing sth.was/is to do sth.做某事的關(guān)鍵是做…… 2.Rice is the second most important crop...水稻是第二重要作物…… 3.2/3 of the world’s population regularly eat rice.世界人口中有三分之二的人經(jīng)常吃大米。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)一
單詞 1. leading adj. 主要的,領(lǐng)先的 歸納拓展 (1)play a leading role/part in sth.在某事中起主導(dǎo)作用 (2)lead v.領(lǐng)導(dǎo),帶領(lǐng) lead to通向,通往,導(dǎo)致 lead a...life過……的生活 (3)leader n.領(lǐng)袖,領(lǐng)導(dǎo) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:The company is the leading software provider in the PC markets. 這家公司是電腦市場上主要的軟件供應(yīng)商。 The bank has offered a reward for any information leading to the arrest of the men. 銀行懸賞情報(bào),以便將這些人繩之以法。 We are leading a happy life now. 我們現(xiàn)在過著幸福的生活。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 One needs to work hard to realize his or her dream,as the saying goes “Hard work ________ success”. A.lies in B.results from C.leads to D.begins with 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。lie in“在于”;result from“起因于……”,后面跟原因;lead to“導(dǎo)致;通往”;begin with“首先,起初”。句意為:一個(gè)人需要努力工作來實(shí)現(xiàn)他/她的夢想,正如諺語所說的那樣“努力工作通往成功”。根據(jù)題意,選C。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. support v.支持;支撐,供養(yǎng)n.支持,支援;給予幫助 歸納拓展 (1)support sb.in sth.在……方面支持某人 support on靠……支撐 (2)in support后備的,準(zhǔn)備給予支援的 in support of sb./sth.支持或支援某人/某事物 come to one’s support援助某人 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:We support the police whole-heartedly in their work against crime. 我們?nèi)χС志酱驌舴缸锘顒?dòng)。 She needs a high income to support such a large family. 她需要一份高收入來養(yǎng)活這么一大家子。 Thank you for all your support at this difficult time. 謝謝你們在這個(gè)困難時(shí)刻所給予的一切幫助。 Mr Wang spoke in support of the proposal. 王先生發(fā)言支持該項(xiàng)提議。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The proposal _______ by a large majority of the teachers. A.was supported B.was for C.was in favour of D.supported 【解析】句意為:這項(xiàng)提議得到了大多數(shù)老師的支持。主語是the proposal,與support為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài),答案為A。B、C項(xiàng)屬錯(cuò)誤用法。 【答案】A 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 3. quantity n. 量;數(shù)量 歸納拓展 (1)in quantity大量地 a large/fair quantity of大量的 large quantities of大量的;許多的 (2)a quantity of后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);后面跟不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 large quantities of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term. 本學(xué)期你的作業(yè)在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上都有提高。 It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity. 如果你大批量購買要便宜得多。 A quantity of money has been spent in bringing up his children. =Quantities of money have been spent in bringing up his children. 他在教育孩子方面花了許多錢。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 As a result of destroying the forests,a large ________ of desert ________ covered the land. A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;have 【解析】a large number of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不能選為答案,故排除A、C項(xiàng);a large quantity of可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,desert是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞要填has。綜上,選B。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 4. escape v.&n. 逃脫;被遺忘;未被注意 歸納拓展 (1)escape(doing)sth.逃脫做某事 escape from/out of...從……逃離;逃走 (2)make one’s escape逃跑 have a narrow escape九死一生 a fire escape緊急出口;安全門 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:The fire spread quickly but luckily all the people managed to escape from the burning house. 火勢蔓延得很快,但幸運(yùn)的是所有的人都設(shè)法從著火的房子里逃出來了。 She was lucky to escape being punished. 她逃脫了懲罰真是幸運(yùn)。 The party was boring.We couldn’t wait to make our escape. 聚會(huì)很無聊,我們迫不及待地要溜走。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The burglar _______ the prison and _______ being sentenced. A.escaped;escaped B.escaped from;escaped C.escaped;escaped from D.escaped from;escaped away 【解析】escape from意為“從……中逃出來”;escape doing意為“避免做……,逃避做……”。根據(jù)題意,選B。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 5. graduate n.(大學(xué))畢業(yè)生;研究生v.(使)(大學(xué))畢業(yè) 歸納拓展 (1)graduate from從……畢業(yè) graduate in畢業(yè)于(某專業(yè)) graduate (from sth.)to...從(某處)升級到…… (2)graduate school研究生院,研究生時(shí)期 (3)graduation n.畢業(yè) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P101) 例句:He is a history graduate. 他是一個(gè)歷史專業(yè)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。 Mitch graduated from Stanford with a degree in Law. 米奇從斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè),獲得法學(xué)學(xué)位。 After graduation he went abroad for further education. 畢業(yè)后他出國進(jìn)修。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 He graduated _______ M.D.at Edinburgh in 1807. A.for B.as C.in D.from 【解析】句意為:他作為醫(yī)學(xué)博士生于1807年畢業(yè)于愛丁堡大學(xué)。graduate as“作為……畢業(yè)”,符合題意。graduate in“畢業(yè)于(某專業(yè))”;graduate from“從……畢業(yè)”。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 6. clear adj. 清楚的;顯然的;明白的vt. 掃除;清除;放晴 adv. 清楚地;清晰地;完全地 歸納拓展 (1)make...clear講清楚,弄明白 keep clear of不接觸,避開 (2)clear away把……清除掉,收拾 clear off離去;迅速地離開某地 clear out除掉;整理 clear up解釋;整理;(天)放晴 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal.我清楚地告訴他我拒絕了他的建議。 Before you start your work you’d better clear up your desk,and this will make you work effectively. 在你開始工作以前你最好把桌子收拾干凈這樣會(huì)使你工作有效率。 The father told his son to clear away the earth in the garden.父親告訴兒子把花園里的土運(yùn)走。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 It has been raining for three days.I hope ________. A.it will clean up B.it will clear up C.it to be cleared up D.it to be cleaned up 【解析】句意為:接連下了三天的雨了。我希望天能很快放晴。clear up“天放晴”,符合題意。C項(xiàng)表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤;clean up“打掃干凈”,與題意不符。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)二
短語 1. earn one’s living謀生 歸納拓展 earn a fortune掙大錢 make a/one’s living謀生 earn sb.praise/a reputation為某人贏得贊揚(yáng)/名聲 例句:He earned his living by singing on the street and got the money from the passing people. 他靠在街上唱歌從路過的人那里得到一些錢。 The girl earned her living by writing to magazines.那個(gè)女孩靠給雜志寫稿子謀生。 Her perfectionism earned her a reputation as a difficult star. 她力求完美的勁頭給她帶來了“難纏”明星的名聲。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 When Mark Twain was young,he did ________ he could ________. A.all;earn his living B.what;earn his living C.all;to earn his living D.what;earning his living 【解析】考查earn one’s living“謀生”的用法。此處用不定式作目的狀語,故排除A、B、D三項(xiàng),答案為C。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. come to/into power(開始)掌權(quán),上臺(tái) 歸納拓展 in/within one’s power為某人力所能及 beyond/out of one’s power不能勝任;力所不能及 in power當(dāng)權(quán)的;掌權(quán)的 seize power奪取政權(quán) take power取得政權(quán) put...into power使執(zhí)政,使上臺(tái) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:De Gaulle came to power in 1958. 戴高樂是1958年開始執(zhí)政的。 The dictator had been in power for seven years. 那個(gè)獨(dú)裁者已執(zhí)政7年了。 It’s beyond my power to help you. 我沒有能力幫助你。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Soon after Hitler ________ power in Germany,Einstein was ________ in his life. A.came to the;in the trouble B.came to;in trouble C.came to the;in trouble D.took;in troubles 【解析】come to power“上臺(tái),執(zhí)掌大權(quán)”;in trouble“處于困境中”。句意為:希特勒在德國上臺(tái)后不久,愛因斯坦的生活就陷入了困境。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 3. bring in招來,引進(jìn),請進(jìn);賺錢;收割莊稼 歸納拓展 bring along隨身攜帶 bring on導(dǎo)致;促成;使……發(fā)展/進(jìn)步 bring forth生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)生 bring out使罷工,使顯現(xiàn);闡明;出版 例句:Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. 全國各地的研究者們被召集在一起開發(fā)新的水稻品種。 Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.南方的農(nóng)民也獲得好收成。 The fine weather is bringing the crops
on nicely. 這樣的好天氣使莊稼更加茁壯成長。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Advanced ways of management must be ________ to make things better. A.brought down B.brought in C.brought on D.brought up 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為:必須引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的管理方式使事情變得更好。bring in意為“引進(jìn)”,與題意相符。bring down“倒下,使落下”;bring on“導(dǎo)致,促成”;bring up“培養(yǎng),教育”。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)三
句型 Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan. 它的產(chǎn)量比巴基斯坦所種植的其他品種的水稻產(chǎn)量都要高得多。 歸納拓展 much修飾比較級,意為“……得多”。 常見的修飾比較級的詞還有:a little,a bit,a lot,rather,by far,far,even,still,any等。 例句:She speaks English far better than her classmates.她講英語比她的同學(xué)好得多。 After the first failure,he studies even harder now.第一次失敗后,他學(xué)習(xí)更加努力了。 I did rather worse this time.這次我做得相當(dāng)糟。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 After several years’ research,scientists now have a _______ better understanding of the HIV. A.very B.far C.fairly D.quite 【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可看出使用了比較級,而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有far能修飾比較級,故答案為B。 【答案】B
知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)四
語法 1. 復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài) (1)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:English is taught in most schools in China. 中國大多數(shù)學(xué)校都教英語。(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) They were given a warm sendoff. 他們受到熱烈的歡送。(一般過去時(shí)) I’m afraid I am being followed. 恐怕我被人跟蹤了。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)) The case has recently been tried. 案子最近已經(jīng)審過了。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) Their wedding will be held in the church. 他們的婚禮將在教堂里舉行。(一般將來時(shí)) All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived. 他們到達(dá)時(shí),所有的票已經(jīng)售完了。(過去完成時(shí)) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) (2)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)值得注意的幾個(gè)問題 ①表示某處有某人或某物的there be結(jié)構(gòu)、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)及不及物動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),不能變被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例句:We study hard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。 ②動(dòng)詞have不論表示“有”,還是表示其他動(dòng)作,雖是及物動(dòng)詞,用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)可以帶賓語,但不可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。 例句:We have three meals a day.我們一天吃三餐。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③有些及物動(dòng)詞表示某種情況或狀態(tài),而不表示動(dòng)作,如become,comprise,contain,equal,fit,hold,join,lack,mean,resemble,suit等。與此相似的look like,consist of,become of,belong to等不可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。 例句:I think it’ll fit me quite well before long. 我想它很快就會(huì)適合我。 ④短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):有些短語動(dòng)詞在意義上相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,所以也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。短語動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是一個(gè)不可分割的詞組,在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此,不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。 例句:That old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常受人嘲笑。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ⑤情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。 例句:The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.計(jì)劃必須盡快執(zhí)行。 ⑥帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):由其中一個(gè)賓語作主語,常為表示人的間接賓語。 例句:He was given some books. Some books were given(to)him. 有人給了他一些書。 ⑦帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):由賓語作主語,原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。 例句:We elected him our monitor. 我們選他當(dāng)我們的班長。 He was elected our monitor by us. 他被我們選為班長。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ⑧不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 主動(dòng)句中的賓語如果是不帶to的不定式,在變成被動(dòng)句中的主語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),to不能省去。 例句:She heard him sing a song just now. He was heard to sing a song just now. 她聽到他剛才唱了一首歌。 ⑨被動(dòng)語態(tài)和“連系動(dòng)詞be+表語(過去分詞)”的區(qū)別 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作,而“連系動(dòng)詞be+表語(過去分詞)”表示狀態(tài)。 例句:The door was locked by the monitor. 門是班長鎖的。(被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The door was locked. 門鎖著。(連系動(dòng)詞+表語) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①M(fèi)any new opportunities and challenges ________ in the future for those with a university education. A.are open B.have been opened C.are open up D.will be opened up 【解析】句意為:對那些受過高等教育的人來說,將來新的機(jī)會(huì)和挑戰(zhàn)是很多的。這是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選D。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②Thirty percent of Jane’s income ________ on clothing every year. A.is spent B.had been spent C.is being spent D.has been spent 【解析】句意為:簡每年收入的百分之三十都花在衣服上。Jane’s income與spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;注意時(shí)間狀語every year,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 【答案】A 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③If Newton lived today,he would be surprised by what ________ in science and technology. A.had discovered B.had been discovered C.has discovered D.has been discovered 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意為:如果牛頓今天還活著,他一定會(huì)對現(xiàn)在科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)大吃一驚的。表示“迄今為止”的發(fā)現(xiàn),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。又discover與what之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選D。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. by+v.-ing形式 by表示行為的主語,表示方法、手段或所用的工具,后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,構(gòu)成by+v.-ing的形式。表示以某種方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)某種目標(biāo)。 例句:He makes a living by begging from door to door. 他靠挨家挨戶乞討為生。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 拓展: ①不涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by,名詞前不帶冠詞,如by sea,by water,by land,by rail,by air等。 ②涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by,但名詞須用單數(shù),其前面不加冠詞或任何修飾語,如by bike,by taxi等。 ③by與the連用,表示時(shí)間或度量單位。 例如:rent a car by the day(the week/the month) 按日(周、月)租用汽車 sell sth.by the dozen(the yard)成打(碼)賣…… pay sb.by the day/hour...按天/小時(shí)付款給某人 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ④by weight按重量計(jì)算 ⑤表示程度或數(shù)量 例如:lose the match by one goal以一分之差輸?shù)袅吮荣?⑥表示尺寸 例句:This room is forty feet by twenty. 這個(gè)房間長40英尺,寬20英尺。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①He had planned to go there _______ 9:00 a.m., but the train is ________ time. A.on;on B.by;behind C.by;on D.on;ahead 【解析】by置于具體時(shí)間前面,是“不遲于,在……之前”的意思;behind time“延遲,遲到”,是固定短語。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②Only by ________ science and technology can we make our country stronger. A.rely on B.relying on C.depend on D.depending 【解析】by+v.-ing表示“以某種方式”,故排除A、C項(xiàng);D項(xiàng)若depending后加上on也正確。rely on“依靠,依賴”,符合題意。 【答案】B Thank you ! 必修4 Module 4
Great Scientists 課程解讀 話題 Great Scientists(偉大的科學(xué)家)連線高考[2010湖南,閱讀理解B][2010福建,閱讀理解A] 功能 Talking about numbers(談?wù)摂?shù)字) 語法 1.Revision of the passive voice(復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)) 2.by+-ing form(by+動(dòng)詞的-ing結(jié)構(gòu)) 課程解讀 重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展 1.major adj.主要的2.figure n.人物 3.publish vt.出版4.support vt.支持 5.convert vt.改變;轉(zhuǎn)換6.export vt.出口 7.replace vt.取代;以……代替 8.quantity n.數(shù)量9.diagnose vt.診斷 10.victim n.受害者 11.brief adj.簡短的;簡潔的 12.personal adj.個(gè)人的 13.escape vi.逃跑;逃避 14.clear vi.(煙霧)消散 15.educate vt.教育→education n.教育→educator n.教育家 16.agriculture n.農(nóng)業(yè)→agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的 17.original adj.最初的→origin n.起點(diǎn),開端 18.producer n.生產(chǎn)者→produce v.生產(chǎn)→production n.產(chǎn)量 19.graduate vi.畢業(yè)→graduation
n.畢業(yè)→graduate n.畢業(yè)生 20.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸,爆炸聲 課程解讀 重點(diǎn)短語 1.bring up培養(yǎng);養(yǎng)育 2.the key to...……的關(guān)鍵 3.convert to...轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?4.earn one’s living謀生 5.come to power掌權(quán) 6.bring in帶來,引進(jìn) 7.well done做得好 8.be known for因……而出名/聞名 重點(diǎn)句型 1.The key to doing sth.was/is to do sth.做某事的關(guān)鍵是做…… 2.Rice is the second most important crop...水稻是第二重要作物…… 3.2/3 of the world’s population regularly eat rice.世界人口中有三分之二的人經(jīng)常吃大米。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)一
單詞 1. leading adj. 主要的,領(lǐng)先的 歸納拓展 (1)play a leading role/part in sth.在某事中起主導(dǎo)作用 (2)lead v.領(lǐng)導(dǎo),帶領(lǐng) lead to通向,通往,導(dǎo)致 lead a...life過……的生活 (3)leader n.領(lǐng)袖,領(lǐng)導(dǎo) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:The company is the leading software provider in the PC markets. 這家公司是電腦市場上主要的軟件供應(yīng)商。 The bank has offered a reward for any information leading to the arrest of the men. 銀行懸賞情報(bào),以便將這些人繩之以法。 We are leading a happy life now. 我們現(xiàn)在過著幸福的生活。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 One needs to work hard to realize his or her dream,as the saying goes “Hard work ________ success”. A.lies in B.results from C.leads to D.begins with 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。lie in“在于”;result from“起因于……”,后面跟原因;lead to“導(dǎo)致;通往”;begin with“首先,起初”。句意為:一個(gè)人需要努力工作來實(shí)現(xiàn)他/她的夢想,正如諺語所說的那樣“努力工作通往成功”。根據(jù)題意,選C。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. support v.支持;支撐,供養(yǎng)n.支持,支援;給予幫助 歸納拓展 (1)support sb.in sth.在……方面支持某人 support on靠……支撐 (2)in support后備的,準(zhǔn)備給予支援的 in support of sb./sth.支持或支援某人/某事物 come to one’s support援助某人 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:We support the police whole-heartedly in their work against crime. 我們?nèi)χС志酱驌舴缸锘顒?dòng)。 She needs a high income to support such a large family. 她需要一份高收入來養(yǎng)活這么一大家子。 Thank you for all your support at this difficult time. 謝謝你們在這個(gè)困難時(shí)刻所給予的一切幫助。 Mr Wang spoke in support of the proposal. 王先生發(fā)言支持該項(xiàng)提議。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The proposal _______ by a large majority of the teachers. A.was supported B.was for C.was in favour of D.supported 【解析】句意為:這項(xiàng)提議得到了大多數(shù)老師的支持。主語是the proposal,與support為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài),答案為A。B、C項(xiàng)屬錯(cuò)誤用法。 【答案】A 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 3. quantity n. 量;數(shù)量 歸納拓展 (1)in quantity大量地 a large/fair quantity of大量的 large quantities of大量的;許多的 (2)a quantity of后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);后面跟不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 large quantities of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term. 本學(xué)期你的作業(yè)在數(shù)量和質(zhì)量上都有提高。 It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity. 如果你大批量購買要便宜得多。 A quantity of money has been spent in bringing up his children. =Quantities of money have been spent in bringing up his children. 他在教育孩子方面花了許多錢。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 As a result of destroying the forests,a large ________ of desert ________ covered the land. A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;have 【解析】a large number of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,不能選為答案,故排除A、C項(xiàng);a large quantity of可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,desert是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞要填has。綜上,選B。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 4. escape v.&n. 逃脫;被遺忘;未被注意 歸納拓展 (1)escape(doing)sth.逃脫做某事 escape from/out of...從……逃離;逃走 (2)make one’s escape逃跑 have a narrow escape九死一生 a fire escape緊急出口;安全門 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:The fire spread quickly but luckily all the people managed to escape from the burning house. 火勢蔓延得很快,但幸運(yùn)的是所有的人都設(shè)法從著火的房子里逃出來了。 She was lucky to escape being punished. 她逃脫了懲罰真是幸運(yùn)。 The party was boring.We couldn’t wait to make our escape. 聚會(huì)很無聊,我們迫不及待地要溜走。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The burglar _______ the prison and _______ being sentenced. A.escaped;escaped B.escaped from;escaped C.escaped;escaped from D.escaped from;escaped away 【解析】escape from意為“從……中逃出來”;escape doing意為“避免做……,逃避做……”。根據(jù)題意,選B。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 5. graduate n.(大學(xué))畢業(yè)生;研究生v.(使)(大學(xué))畢業(yè) 歸納拓展 (1)graduate from從……畢業(yè) graduate in畢業(yè)于(某專業(yè)) graduate (from sth.)to...從(某處)升級到…… (2)graduate school研究生院,研究生時(shí)期 (3)graduation n.畢業(yè) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) (對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P101) 例句:He is a history graduate. 他是一個(gè)歷史專業(yè)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。 Mitch graduated from Stanford with a degree in Law. 米奇從斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè),獲得法學(xué)學(xué)位。 After graduation he went abroad for further education. 畢業(yè)后他出國進(jìn)修。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 He graduated _______ M.D.at Edinburgh in 1807. A.for B.as C.in D.from 【解析】句意為:他作為醫(yī)學(xué)博士生于1807年畢業(yè)于愛丁堡大學(xué)。graduate as“作為……畢業(yè)”,符合題意。graduate in“畢業(yè)于(某專業(yè))”;graduate from“從……畢業(yè)”。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 6. clear adj. 清楚的;顯然的;明白的vt. 掃除;清除;放晴 adv. 清楚地;清晰地;完全地 歸納拓展 (1)make...clear講清楚,弄明白 keep clear of不接觸,避開 (2)clear away把……清除掉,收拾 clear off離去;迅速地離開某地 clear out除掉;整理 clear up解釋;整理;(天)放晴 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal.我清楚地告訴他我拒絕了他的建議。 Before you start your work you’d better clear up your desk,and this will make you work effectively. 在你開始工作以前你最好把桌子收拾干凈這樣會(huì)使你工作有效率。 The father told his son to clear away the earth in the garden.父親告訴兒子把花園里的土運(yùn)走。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 It has been raining for three days.I hope ________. A.it will clean up B.it will clear up C.it to be cleared up D.it to be cleaned up 【解析】句意為:接連下了三天的雨了。我希望天能很快放晴。clear up“天放晴”,符合題意。C項(xiàng)表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤;clean up“打掃干凈”,與題意不符。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)二
短語 1. earn one’s living謀生 歸納拓展 earn a fortune掙大錢 make a/one’s living謀生 earn sb.praise/a reputation為某人贏得贊揚(yáng)/名聲 例句:He earned his living by singing on the street and got the money from the passing people. 他靠在街上唱歌從路過的人那里得到一些錢。 The girl earned her living by writing to magazines.那個(gè)女孩靠給雜志寫稿子謀生。 Her perfectionism earned her a reputation as a difficult star. 她力求完美的勁頭給她帶來了“難纏”明星的名聲。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 When Mark Twain was young,he did ________ he could ________. A.all;earn his living B.what;earn his living C.all;to earn his living D.what;earning his living 【解析】考查earn one’s living“謀生”的用法。此處用不定式作目的狀語,故排除A、B、D三項(xiàng),答案為C。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. come to/into power(開始)掌權(quán),上臺(tái) 歸納拓展 in/within one’s power為某人力所能及 beyond/out of one’s power不能勝任;力所不能及 in power當(dāng)權(quán)的;掌權(quán)的 seize power奪取政權(quán) take power取得政權(quán) put...into power使執(zhí)政,使上臺(tái) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:De Gaulle came to power in 1958. 戴高樂是1958年開始執(zhí)政的。 The dictator had been in power for seven years. 那個(gè)獨(dú)裁者已執(zhí)政7年了。 It’s beyond my power to help you. 我沒有能力幫助你。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Soon after Hitler ________ power in Germany,Einstein was ________ in his life. A.came to the;in the trouble B.came to;in trouble C.came to the;in trouble D.took;in troubles 【解析】come to power“上臺(tái),執(zhí)掌大權(quán)”;in trouble“處于困境中”。句意為:希特勒在德國上臺(tái)后不久,愛因斯坦的生活就陷入了困境。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 3. bring in招來,引進(jìn),請進(jìn);賺錢;收割莊稼 歸納拓展 bring along隨身攜帶 bring on導(dǎo)致;促成;使……發(fā)展/進(jìn)步 bring forth生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)生 bring out使罷工,使顯現(xiàn);闡明;出版 例句:Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system. 全國各地的研究者們被召集在一起開發(fā)新的水稻品種。 Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.南方的農(nóng)民也獲得好收成。 The fine weather is bringing the crops
on nicely. 這樣的好天氣使莊稼更加茁壯成長。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Advanced ways of management must be ________ to make things better. A.brought down B.brought in C.brought on D.brought up 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為:必須引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的管理方式使事情變得更好。bring in意為“引進(jìn)”,與題意相符。bring down“倒下,使落下”;bring on“導(dǎo)致,促成”;bring up“培養(yǎng),教育”。 【答案】B 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)三
句型 Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan. 它的產(chǎn)量比巴基斯坦所種植的其他品種的水稻產(chǎn)量都要高得多。 歸納拓展 much修飾比較級,意為“……得多”。 常見的修飾比較級的詞還有:a little,a bit,a lot,rather,by far,far,even,still,any等。 例句:She speaks English far better than her classmates.她講英語比她的同學(xué)好得多。 After the first failure,he studies even harder now.第一次失敗后,他學(xué)習(xí)更加努力了。 I did rather worse this time.這次我做得相當(dāng)糟。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 After several years’ research,scientists now have a _______ better understanding of the HIV. A.very B.far C.fairly D.quite 【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可看出使用了比較級,而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有far能修飾比較級,故答案為B。 【答案】B