語法精講Subject-Verb Agreement and Collective Nouns主謂一致和集合名詞

　　考查主謂一致的幾大熱點：

　　1.主語+with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞的數應與前面的主語保持一致。

　　The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.

　　To find friendship offer friendship.以友誼換友誼。

　　2.動詞不定式、動名詞及名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數形式。但 what引導的主語從句有時用復數動詞，這時其含義常可從表語中看出。

　　When and where to build the hospital is not decided.

　　What we want are books.

　　3.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also等連接并列主語時，常采用就近原則，即動詞與最靠近的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。

　　Not only you but also I am a teacher.

　　Are either you or he a student?

　　Here comes a teacher and several students.

　　There are some books and a pen on the table.

　　4.在“one of+復數名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的先行詞應為介詞of后面的復數名詞，因此從句的謂語動詞應為復數；而在“the only one/every one of+復數名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的先行詞是the only one/every one,定語從句中的謂語動詞通常用單數形式。

　　He is the only one of the students who lives in the school.

　　He is one of the students who live in the school.

　　5.sheep,means等單復數同形的名詞作主語時，根據具體情況，謂語動詞選用單數或復數。

　　Every possible means has been used to prevent the pollution,but the sky is still not clear.

　　All possible means have been tried to...

　　6.family,team,group,class等集合名詞作主語時，強調整體時用單數謂語動詞，強調成員時用復數動詞。

　　When I got home,the whole family are watching TV.

　　當我到家的時候，全家人都在看電視。

　　7.people,police,cattle,clothes,folk等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語時，表示復數概念，謂語動詞用復數。

　　The police are running after the thief.

　　8.分數、百分數作主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞一致。而the rest,some,any,most等應與其指代的內容相符。

　　Some of the students are cleaning the windows,while the rest are sweeping the floor.

　　9.all指人時，謂語動詞用復數；指物時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　All were silent.大家一言不發。

　　All was silent.萬籟俱寂。

　　10.用and連接的兩個或兩個以上的詞、短語或句子作主語時，一般用復數動詞。但當表示單一概念時，要用單數動詞；兩個單數名詞前有every,each,no,many a等詞修飾時，要用單數動詞。如:

　　No teacher and no student is going.

　　11.many a(許多)和more than one(不止一個)等作定語，修飾作主語的單數可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　Many a student has been tired by his long speech.

　　12.表示“總量”或“總和”的時間、距離、金錢、重量、容量等的復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如強調具體的數量，則要用復數動詞。如：

　　Twenty years is a long time.

　　20年是一段很長的時間。

　　Twenty years have passed since his father died.

　　自他父親去世以來已經有20年了。

　　13.抽象名詞、學科名詞、專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數。

　　The United States was founded in 1776.

　　The Olympic Games are held every four years.

　　14.“the+形容詞”表示“一類人”時謂語動詞用復數；表示“一種抽象概念和品質”時謂語動詞用單數。

　　The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.

　　傷員們在這家醫院得到了很好的照顧。

　　The beautiful is not always the useful.

　　好看的不一定總是有用的。

　　【考例1】2006遼寧高考，27The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

　　A.is goingB.go

　　C.goesD.are going

　　解析：這個句子的主語是the father，所以其謂語動詞要用單數形式。再根據時間狀語every Sunday afternoon in winter可判斷出要用一般現在時，表示經常性的動作。as well as his children在句子中作狀語，不作主語。

　　答案：C

　　【考例2】(2006安徽高考，30 ) Most of what has been said about the Smiths________ also true of the Johnsons.

　　A.are

　　B.is

　　C.being

　　D.to be

　　解析：what has been said about the Smiths是主語從句，表示單數，most的單復數由of后的成分決定，所以這個句子的主語是單數。being和to be都是動詞be的非謂語形式，所以都不能作為答案。

　　答案：B

　　【考例3】________ either you or the headmaster to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting?

　　A.Is

　　B.Are

　　C.Does

　　D.Do

　　解析：either...or...連接并列主語，謂語動詞就近，故應選擇are,構成be to do結構，表示將來。答案：B

　　【考例4】 He is the only one of the students who________ a winner of scholarship for three years.

　　A.is

　　B.are

　　C.have been

　　D.has been

　　解析：引導詞作主語時，從句的謂語動詞應與先行詞一致，由句子的意義可知，先行詞為the only one。

　　答案：D

　　【考例5】 My family________ small,but my family________ all model workers.

　　A.is;are

　　B.are;is

　　C.was;are

　　D.were;is

　　解析：句意為“我家庭很小，但家人都是模范工作者”。第一個family表示“家庭”，第二個family表示“家庭成員”。

　　答案：A

　　【考例6】(2006浙江高考，7)The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.

　　A.isB.are

　　C.was　D.were

　　解析：本題考查主謂一致及動詞的時態，當分數、百分數作主語時，要根據其后面的名詞來決定其謂語動詞的單復數。此處onethird應是onethird of the notebook computers,因此謂語動詞用復數，且句子的時態用了過去時，所以D項正確。

　　答案：D

　　【考例7】(2006江蘇高考，34) A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

　　A.isB.areC.was　D.were

　　解析：此題考查主謂一致的用法。由時間狀語“tomorrow afternoon”判斷，此處應用現在進行時表將來，故排除C、D兩項。“a poet and artist”指一位詩人兼畫家，謂語動詞用單數，故選A項。

　　答案：A

　　【考例8】My maths ________ all right.What ________ me most is English.

　　A.are;worried

　　B.seem;worrying

　　C.is;worries

　　D.seems;worry

　　解析：由句子結構可知，兩個空都應為謂語動詞。maths,what作主語，謂語動詞都應用單數且兩句話應時態一致。

　　答案：C

　　【考例9】The wounded __________ after.

　　A.is well looked

　　B.has been well looked

　　C.are good looked

　　D.have been well looked

　　解析：the wounded“傷員”，表示一類人，謂語動詞應用復數。

　　答案：D

　　語法精講Subject-Verb Agreement and Collective Nouns主謂一致和集合名詞

　　考查主謂一致的幾大熱點：

　　1.主語+with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名詞或代詞時，謂語動詞的數應與前面的主語保持一致。

　　The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.

　　To find friendship offer friendship.以友誼換友誼。

　　2.動詞不定式、動名詞及名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數形式。但 what引導的主語從句有時用復數動詞，這時其含義常可從表語中看出。

　　When and where to build the hospital is not decided.

　　What we want are books.

　　3.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also等連接并列主語時，常采用就近原則，即動詞與最靠近的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。

　　Not only you but also I am a teacher.

　　Are either you or he a student?

　　Here comes a teacher and several students.

　　There are some books and a pen on the table.

　　4.在“one of+復數名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的先行詞應為介詞of后面的復數名詞，因此從句的謂語動詞應為復數；而在“the only one/every one of+復數名詞+定語從句”中，定語從句的先行詞是the only one/every one,定語從句中的謂語動詞通常用單數形式。

　　He is the only one of the students who lives in the school.

　　He is one of the students who live in the school.

　　5.sheep,means等單復數同形的名詞作主語時，根據具體情況，謂語動詞選用單數或復數。

　　Every possible means has been used to prevent the pollution,but the sky is still not clear.

　　All possible means have been tried to...

　　6.family,team,group,class等集合名詞作主語時，強調整體時用單數謂語動詞，強調成員時用復數動詞。

　　When I got home,the whole family are watching TV.

　　當我到家的時候，全家人都在看電視。

　　7.people,police,cattle,clothes,folk等表示“總稱”的名詞作主語時，表示復數概念，謂語動詞用復數。

　　The police are running after the thief.

　　8.分數、百分數作主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞一致。而the rest,some,any,most等應與其指代的內容相符。

　　Some of the students are cleaning the windows,while the rest are sweeping the floor.

　　9.all指人時，謂語動詞用復數；指物時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　All were silent.大家一言不發。

　　All was silent.萬籟俱寂。

　　10.用and連接的兩個或兩個以上的詞、短語或句子作主語時，一般用復數動詞。但當表示單一概念時，要用單數動詞；兩個單數名詞前有every,each,no,many a等詞修飾時，要用單數動詞。如:

　　No teacher and no student is going.

　　11.many a(許多)和more than one(不止一個)等作定語，修飾作主語的單數可數名詞時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　Many a student has been tired by his long speech.

　　12.表示“總量”或“總和”的時間、距離、金錢、重量、容量等的復數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如強調具體的數量，則要用復數動詞。如：

　　Twenty years is a long time.

　　20年是一段很長的時間。

　　Twenty years have passed since his father died.

　　自他父親去世以來已經有20年了。

　　13.抽象名詞、學科名詞、專有名詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數。

　　The United States was founded in 1776.

　　The Olympic Games are held every four years.

　　14.“the+形容詞”表示“一類人”時謂語動詞用復數；表示“一種抽象概念和品質”時謂語動詞用單數。

　　The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.

　　傷員們在這家醫院得到了很好的照顧。

　　The beautiful is not always the useful.

　　好看的不一定總是有用的。

　　【考例1】2006遼寧高考，27The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

　　A.is goingB.go

　　C.goesD.are going

　　解析：這個句子的主語是the father，所以其謂語動詞要用單數形式。再根據時間狀語every Sunday afternoon in winter可判斷出要用一般現在時，表示經常性的動作。as well as his children在句子中作狀語，不作主語。

　　答案：C

　　【考例2】(2006安徽高考，30 ) Most of what has been said about the Smiths________ also true of the Johnsons.

　　A.are

　　B.is

　　C.being

　　D.to be

　　解析：what has been said about the Smiths是主語從句，表示單數，most的單復數由of后的成分決定，所以這個句子的主語是單數。being和to be都是動詞be的非謂語形式，所以都不能作為答案。

　　答案：B

　　【考例3】________ either you or the headmaster to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting?

　　A.Is

　　B.Are

　　C.Does

　　D.Do

　　解析：either...or...連接并列主語，謂語動詞就近，故應選擇are,構成be to do結構，表示將來。答案：B

　　【考例4】 He is the only one of the students who________ a winner of scholarship for three years.

　　A.is

　　B.are

　　C.have been

　　D.has been

　　解析：引導詞作主語時，從句的謂語動詞應與先行詞一致，由句子的意義可知，先行詞為the only one。

　　答案：D

　　【考例5】 My family________ small,but my family________ all model workers.

　　A.is;are

　　B.are;is

　　C.was;are

　　D.were;is

　　解析：句意為“我家庭很小，但家人都是模范工作者”。第一個family表示“家庭”，第二個family表示“家庭成員”。

　　答案：A

　　【考例6】(2006浙江高考，7)The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.

　　A.isB.are

　　C.was　D.were

　　解析：本題考查主謂一致及動詞的時態，當分數、百分數作主語時，要根據其后面的名詞來決定其謂語動詞的單復數。此處onethird應是onethird of the notebook computers,因此謂語動詞用復數，且句子的時態用了過去時，所以D項正確。

　　答案：D

　　【考例7】(2006江蘇高考，34) A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

　　A.isB.areC.was　D.were

　　解析：此題考查主謂一致的用法。由時間狀語“tomorrow afternoon”判斷，此處應用現在進行時表將來，故排除C、D兩項。“a poet and artist”指一位詩人兼畫家，謂語動詞用單數，故選A項。

　　答案：A

　　【考例8】My maths ________ all right.What ________ me most is English.

　　A.are;worried

　　B.seem;worrying

　　C.is;worries

　　D.seems;worry

　　解析：由句子結構可知，兩個空都應為謂語動詞。maths,what作主語，謂語動詞都應用單數且兩句話應時態一致。

　　答案：C

　　【考例9】The wounded __________ after.

　　A.is well looked

　　B.has been well looked

　　C.are good looked

　　D.have been well looked

　　解析：the wounded“傷員”，表示一類人，謂語動詞應用復數。

　　答案：D