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高三英語復習與訓練四——形容詞和副詞

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高三英語復習與訓練四——形容詞和副詞

  高三英語復習與訓練四——形容詞和副詞4. 形容詞和副詞

  4.1

  形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。

  1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如:hot。

  2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid

   (錯) He is an ill man.

   (對) The man is ill.

   (錯) She is an afraid girl.

   (對) The girl is afraid.

  這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

  3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后。例如:something nice.

  4.2 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞

  1) -ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。

  改錯: (錯) She sang lovely.

  (錯) He spoke to me very friendly.

  (對) Her singing was lovely.

  (對) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

  2)有些以-ly daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如:

  The Times is a weekly paper. 《時代周刊》為周刊。

  The Times is published weekly. 《時代周刊》每周發(fā)行一期。

  4.3 用形容詞表示類別和整體

  1) the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。例如:

  The poor are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。

  2) the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如:

  The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國人頗有幽默感。

  4.4

  多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序為:限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色)--出處--材料性質(zhì)--類別--名詞。例如:

  a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car

  典型例題:

  1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys. 

  A. little two other B. two little otherC. two other little  D. little other two

  答案:C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞"的順序可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。

  2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

  A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

  答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。

  3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

  ---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.

  A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny  C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last

  B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時,可參照:限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞,如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。

  4.5 副詞及其基本用法

  一、副詞的位置

  1)

  2) be動詞、助動詞之后。 

  3)

  注意:

    a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語過長,副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如:

  We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我們清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。

  b. 方式副詞well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如:

  He speaks English well. 他英語說得好。

  1)

  2) and或but等連詞連接。例如:

  Please write slowly and carefully. 請寫得慢一些,仔細一些

  3) +地點+方式+時間副詞。

  very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動詞。

  改錯:(錯) I very like English.

  (對) I like English very much.

  enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。例如:

  I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。

  There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足夠的食物供每個人吃。

  There is food enough for everyone to eat.

  ?

  4.6 兼有兩種形式的副詞

  1) close與closely

  close意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔細地"。例如:

  He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。

  Watch him closely. 盯著他。

  2) late lately

  late意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近"。例如:

  You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。

  What have you been doing lately? 近來好嗎?

  3) deep與deeply

  deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。例如:

  He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插進泥里。

  Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被電影深深打動了。

  4) high與highly

  high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當于much。例如:

  The plane was flying high. 這架飛機飛得很高。

  I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。

  5) wide與widely

  wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地","在許多地方"。例如:

  He opened the door wide. 他把門開得大大的。

  English is widely used in the world.英語在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。

  6) free與freely

  free的意思是"免費";freely 的意思是"無限制地"。例如:

  You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.無論什么時候,我這飯鋪免費對你開放。

  You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以暢所欲言,想說什么就說什么。

  4.7 形容詞與副詞的比較級

   大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

  1)

    單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。

  原級 比較級 最高級

  一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest

  以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st nice nicer nicest

  -er,-est big bigger biggest

  "以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-est busy busier busiest

  -er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est clever/narrow cleverer/ narrower cleverest/ narrowest

  more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級 important/ easily more important/ more easily most important/ most easily

  2)

  原級 比較級 最高級

  good better best

  well(健康的) worse worst

  bad

  ill(有病的)

  old older/elder oldest/eldest

  much/many more most

  little less least

  far farther/further farthest/furthest

  4.8. as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as

  1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as。例如:

  He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。

  2)當as… as as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much +名詞。例如:

  This is as good an example as the other is. 這個例子和另外一個一樣好。

  I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙,我也能。

  3)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面。例如:

  This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。

  Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房間和我的一樣大。

  4)倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as  + the … + of。例如:

  This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。

  This bridge is three times the length of that one.

  Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。

  Your room is twice the size of mine.

  4.9 比較級形容詞或副詞 + than 。例如:

  You are taller than I. 你比我高。

  They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房間的那些燈比我房間里的亮。

  1)要避免重復使用比較級。

  (錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.

  (對) He is more clever than his brother.

  (對) He is clever than his brother.

  2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。

  (錯) China is larger than any country in Asia.

  (對) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

  3)要注意對應句型,遵循前后一致的原則。

  The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

    It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

  4)要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用。

  比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

  Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

  She is taller than her two sisters.

  She is the taller of the two sisters.

  ?

  4.10 可修飾比較級的詞

  1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。

  2)還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。

  3)以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。

  1)---- Are you feeling ____? 

  ---- Yes,I'm fine now.

  A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better

  B. any 可修飾比較級,quite修飾原級,well的比較級為better.

  2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected. 

  A. more  B. much more C. much  D. more much

  C. much可修飾比較級,因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級,不需more,因此C為正確答案。

  3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school. 

  A. the happiest timeB. a more happier time C. much happiest time  D. a much happier time

  D。

  4.11 many, old 和 far

  1) much more +不可數(shù)名詞,many more +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。 

  2) old : older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder,eldest

   My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是個工程師。

  Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 瑪麗是三姐妹中最大的。

  3) far farther,further。一般father 表示距離,further表示進一步。例如:

  I have nothing further to say. 我沒什么要說了。

  4.12 the +

  + 比較范圍

  1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用。例如:

  The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。

  most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常"。例如:

  It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個很重要的問題。

    (錯) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

    (對) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

  2) by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如:

  This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。

   

  a. very可修飾最高級,但位置與much不同。

  This is the very best.

  This is much the best.

   

  b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。例如:

  Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。

  3)

  Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 馬克是班上最聰明的。

  Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.

  4) "否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ so… as"結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級含義。例如:

  Nothing is so easy as this. 沒比這更簡單的了。

  =Nothing is easier than this.

  =This is the easiest thing.

  4.13 和more有關(guān)的詞組,

  1) the more…the more… 越……就越……。例如:

  The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make. 越努力,進步越大。

  2) more B than A=less A than B

  A不如說B。例如:

  He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作時,與其說是反應慢不如說是懶。

  3) no more… than… 與……一樣……,不比……多。例如:

  The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。

  no less… than… 與……一樣……。例如:

  He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一樣勤勉。

  4) more than 不只是,

  She is more than kind to us all. 她對我們非常熱心。

  1)The weather in China is different from____.

  A. in America  B. one in America  C. America

  D. that in America

  答案:D. 本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國家,C不能選。A沒有名詞,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選D。

  2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

  A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as many D. twice many as

   答案C. 此句意為"這個廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機是往年的兩倍"。表示倍數(shù)用"倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象"的句型。所以此句答案為C。

  4.14 形容詞和副詞練習

  1.? The modern machine proved ______ in heart surgery.

  a. high valuable

  b. highly valuable

  c. valuable high

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