高考10——航天科技

　　（時(shí)間：分鐘）

　　維A 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分8分)　(2024·遼寧卷)Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions (使命) often work very long days.Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day's work.This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station (ISS)．ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year.They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible.Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework.They can communicate with family and friends by email，Internet phone and through private video conferences.

　　While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit，there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy.Before a mission，the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages，videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth.During their mission，the crew also receives care packages with CDs，books，magazines，photos and letters.And as from early 2010，the Internet became available on the ISS，giving astronauts the chance to do some “Web surfing(沖浪)” in their personal time.Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments，astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.

　　Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out of the window and stare at the universe and the Earth.Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day，and every moment offers a new view of the Earth's vast land mass and oceans.

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 宇航員每年一般會(huì)在太空待上至少三個(gè)月的時(shí)間。他們?cè)谔盏墓ぷ饕彩俏逄熘疲抗ぷ魑逄炀托菹商臁Ｄ敲矗诿ＣＬ眨麄兪侨绾味冗^(guò)這兩天的呢？本文向我們介紹宇航員在太空的“周末”生活。

　　1．What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

　　A．Find.

　　B．Copy.

　　C．Change.

　　D．Lose.

　　答案　B　[考查詞義猜測(cè)。第一段提到宇航員工作五天，休息兩天，再根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后的部分可知，太空中的宇航員在盡可能地“模仿”在地球上的正常生活方式，因此B正確。]

　　2．Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS?

　　A．They are caring and thoughtful.

　　B．They are worried and upset.

　　C．They are impatient and annoyed.

　　D．They are excited and curious.

　　答案　A　[考查推理判斷。第二段提到在宇航員執(zhí)行任務(wù)之前，宇航員的家人和朋友就會(huì)給他們準(zhǔn)備物品，而在宇航員執(zhí)行任務(wù)期間，他們還會(huì)收到包裹，由此可知，這些宇航員的家人關(guān)心他們，為他們考慮得很周到，因此選A。]

　　3．In the last paragraph，the author shows that astronauts ______.

　　A．get more pleasure in space than on the Earth

　　B．find living in space a bit boring and tiring

　　C．regard space life as common

　　D．love to see the Earth from space

　　答案　D　[考查推理判斷。最后一段提到很多宇航員認(rèn)為在太空最愜意的事就是透過(guò)窗戶看宇宙和地球，每個(gè)瞬間他們看到的地球的陸地與海洋的景色都不同。由此推斷他們喜歡從太空看地球。]

　　4．The passage mainly discusses how astronauts ________.

　　A．work for longer missions in space

　　B．connect with people on the Earth

　　C．observe the Earth from space

　　D．spend their free time in space

　　答案　D　[考查主旨大意。全文介紹宇航員在太空中是如何度過(guò)他們的休閑時(shí)光的，因此選D。]

　　維B 完形填空(每題1.5分，滿分30分)

　　選材網(wǎng)站：http：//www.timeforkids.com

　　高考曾用材料：2010安徽卷D篇

　　選材相似度：★★★★

　　設(shè)題相似度：★★★

　　難度系數(shù)：★★★★★

　　“That's one small step for man，one giant leap for mankind.” On July 20,1969，millions of Americans turned on their televisions to see American astronaut Neil Armstrong，who spoke these words from the surface of the moon.For 19 minutes，Armstrong stood

　　__1__

　　where no human had ever stood before.Then crewmember Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin

　　__2__ him on the gray，dusty soil.Though the black-and-white television __3__ were jerky and blurred，ecstatic earthlings __4__

　　as if they，too，had flew above the world.

　　In the 1950s and 60s，two countries __5__ to get to the moon first: the U．S.and the Soviet Union (a large nation of republics，including Russia，that __6__ until 1991)．Unmanned Soviet rockets got to the moon __7__，but the Apollo program made

　　__8__.

　　Three

　　astronauts

　　manned

　　the

　　Apollo 11

　　mission：Armstrong，Aldrin and Michael Collins.The

　　__9__

　　from Earth to the moon

　　__10__

　　four days.A special lunar module，nicknamed Eagle，carried Armstrong and Aldrin __11__ the moon while Collins remained in lunar orbit.The landing was __12__.It took Armstrong longer than __13__

　　to find a level place to land.The lunar module had __14__

　　40 seconds of fuel remaining when it safely __15__.“The Eagle has landed，” Armstrong __16__.“You got a bunch of guys about to turn __17__，” responded Charles Duke，at NASA's headquarters in Houston，Texas.“We're

　　__18__

　　again.”

　　Armstrong and Aldrin spoke to President Richard Nixon by radio telephone.They set up scientific experiments，__19__ soil samples and planted an American flag on the surface of the moon.They also __20__ a plaque that reads：“We came in peace for all mankind.” Though the flag was blown over when the lunar module took off，the footprints left by the astronauts are still there.

　　Notes：

　　blurred adj.模糊不清的　②ecstatic earthlings狂喜的人們

　　③module n．登月艙　④plaque n．板；片

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文是記敘文。全文講述了美國(guó)第一次載人航天飛機(jī)登月球的情況。文章著重講述了登月前美國(guó)與蘇聯(lián)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，以及登月過(guò)程中令人揪心的一幕。

　　1．A.alone

　　B．lonely

　　C．happily

　　D．excited

　　答案　A　[聯(lián)系下文的“Then crewmember Edwin ‘Buzz’Aldrin__2__ him on the gray，dusty soil.”可知，先是阿姆斯特朗獨(dú)自一人登上月球。其他選項(xiàng)表達(dá)他的感受，顯然與空后所描述的相沖突。]

　　2．A.welcomed

　　B．greeted

　　C．parted

　　D．joined

　　答案　D　[聯(lián)系上下文可知，阿姆斯特朗第一個(gè)登上月球，接下來(lái)是艾德林，因此說(shuō)艾德林與他會(huì)合。]

　　3．A.sets

　　B．images

　　C．broadcasts

　　D．currents

　　答案　B　[我們可以推斷當(dāng)時(shí)的電視直播了他們登月的畫(huà)面，但是當(dāng)時(shí)的黑白電視圖像是不穩(wěn)定與模糊的。current的意思是“電流”，可以排除。]

　　4．A.acted

　　B．felt

　　C．thought

　　D．spoke

　　答案　B　[看到兩個(gè)人登上月球，狂喜的人們感覺(jué)就像自己也登上月球一樣。]

　　5．A.tried

　　B．raced

　　C．failed

　　D．managed

　　答案　B　[聯(lián)系空后的“to get to the moon first”可知，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，看誰(shuí)第一個(gè)登上月球。race在這里的意思是“比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。]

　　6．A.existed

　　B．separated

　　C．united

　　D．stood

　　答案　A　[括號(hào)內(nèi)是對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的解釋。顯然，until 1991是指蘇聯(lián)存在的時(shí)間。B有一定的干擾性，separated的時(shí)間是1991年后，因此可以排除。]

　　7．A.second

　　B．last

　　C．first

　　D．finally

　　答案　C　[聯(lián)系空前的“Unmanned Soviet rockets”以及空后的“but”可知，蘇聯(lián)的無(wú)人飛船先到達(dá)月球。]

　　8．A.discoveries

　　B．journeys

　　C．travels

　　D．history

　　答案　D　[聯(lián)系上文可知，美國(guó)的載人飛船最先到達(dá)月球，因此說(shuō)阿波羅計(jì)劃創(chuàng)造了歷史。]

　　9．A.trip

　　B．height

　　C．difference

　　D．time

　　答案　A　[結(jié)合空后的“from Earth to the moon __10__ four days”可知，整個(gè)旅行花費(fèi)了四天。]

　　10．A.showed

　　B．took

　　C．indicated

　　D．changed

　　答案　B　[從空后的four days可以得此答案。]

　　11．A.to and from

　　B．from and toC．back to

　　D．back from

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)登月的過(guò)程，顯然是先到達(dá)，然后回來(lái)。]

　　12．A.easy

　　B．long

　　C．short

　　D．tense

　　答案　D　[聯(lián)系“It took Armstrong longer than __13__ (expected)to find a level place to land.”可知，著陸是非常緊張的，再結(jié)合下文的“You got a bunch of guys about to turn __17__”也可以得此答案。]

　　13．A.imagined

　　B．supposed

　　C．expected

　　D．guessed

　　答案　C　[聯(lián)系下文提到的燃料剩得很少可知，登陸的時(shí)間比預(yù)期的要長(zhǎng)。imagine是“想象”；suppose是“假定”；guess是“猜測(cè)”。]

　　14．A.less than

　　B．more than

　　C．a(chǎn)t least

　　D．a(chǎn)nother

　　答案　A　[“l(fā)ess than 40 seconds of fuel remaining”說(shuō)明著陸的時(shí)間比預(yù)期的要長(zhǎng)。more than與at least都表現(xiàn)“多”，而another意思是“另一個(gè)”，可排除。]

　　15．A.flew off

　　B．touched downC．lay down

　　D．slowed down

　　答案　B　[touched down在這里等于landed。]

　　16．A.reported

　　B．signed

　　C．responded

　　D．replied

　　答案　A　[顯然這是阿姆斯特朗向地面指揮中心的匯報(bào)。其他選項(xiàng)可以依據(jù)情景和常識(shí)排除。]

　　17．A.glad

　　B．excited

　　C．a(chǎn)nxious

　　D．blue

　　答案　D　[blue在這里的意思是“憂郁；難過(guò)”。]

　　18．A.speaking

　　B．breathing

　　C．walking

　　D．working

　　答案　B　[“We're breathing again”說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)人們的擔(dān)心。]

　　19．A.created

　　B．photographedC．collected

　　D．dropped

　　答案　C　[聯(lián)系空后的“soil samples”可知，他們?cè)谠虑蛏鲜占送寥罉颖尽

　　20．A.took away

　　B．left behindC．set up

　　D．sent away

　　答案　B　[聯(lián)系空后的板上的字可知，他們把板留在月球上。]

　　維C 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分8分)

　　選材網(wǎng)站：www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats

　　高考曾用材料：2009福建卷C篇

　　選材相似度：★★★★

　　設(shè)題相似度：★★★

　　難度系數(shù)：★★★★

　　The

　　world's

　　largest aircraft

　　made

　　its

　　public debut last week at Europe's biggest factory，a purpose built assembly line in Toulouse，southern France.The Airbus A380 will have 50 percent more floor space than American rival Boeing's 747 Jumbo，with room for duty-free shops，restaurants and even a sauna.This new arrival is expected to change the face of air travel.

　　The A380 will

　　enter service early next year with Singapore Airlines.

　　Airbus claims the A380 will burn less fuel，make less noise，create less pollution and cost 17 percent less per seat than the 747.It will also reduce traffic problems in the skies.

　　The aircraft，which cost between ￡140 million (US

　　$250m) and ￡157 million (US $280m ) each compared with ￡84 million (US $150m) for Boeing's new Dreamliner jet，is being built at 16 factories in Germany，F(xiàn)rance，Spain and the UK.

　　But activists have warned of more noise and pollution from the Superjumbo，while Boeing believes huge aircraft will not be in great demand over the next decade.

　　As a result，it is putting faith in the much smaller 747 Dreamliner.But Airbus is pinning its hopes on the “big is beautiful” theory，gambling on size being the key factor in the US-European battle for the skies.

　　Airbus said it was in talks with half a dozen global airlines about buying the A380.China Eastern Airlines，already an Airbus customer，is said to be targeted，while executives made it plain that they wanted to fight for the Japanese market，which had traditionally been controlled by Boeing.

　　Over the next 20 years，Airbus hopes to sell 750 of the new planes into a market worth ￡185 billion (US $330bil)．The company already has 129 firm orders for the A380，with 52 options.

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 本文是說(shuō)明文。全文講述了“空中巴士A380”的情況。

　　1．According to Airbus，which of the following is NOT the advantage of A380 compared to Boeing 747?

　　A．Making less noise，causing less traffic problems.

　　B．Using less fuel，costing less money.

　　C．Creating less pollution，having less weight.

　　D．Having more floor space，creating less pollution.

　　答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可以看出，C選項(xiàng)的“have less weight”不是A380的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。]

　　2．From the passage，we can NOT infer that ________.

　　A．Airbus is aiming at the Japanese market

　　B．Boeing is a rival of Airbus

　　C．A380 hasn't been used yet

　　D．Boeing is better than Airbus

　　答案　D　[推理判斷題。從倒數(shù)第二段“while executives made it plain that they wanted to fight for the Japanese market”可以推斷出A選項(xiàng)，Airbus正準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)軍日本市場(chǎng)。從第一段的“The Airbus A380 will have 50 percent more floor space than American rival Boeing's 747 Jumbo”可以推斷出B選項(xiàng)，Boeing是Airbus的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。從第二段“The A380 will enter service early next year with Singapore Airlines.”可知，A380 還沒(méi)有投入使用。]

　　3．In the Airbus A380，passengers cannot find ________.

　　A．duty-free shops

　　B．restaurantsC．banks

　　D．a(chǎn) sauna

　　答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段第二句提到“空中巴士A380比它的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手Boeing747 有更多的空間——有免稅商店、飯店及桑拿浴室”，但沒(méi)提到銀行。]

　　4．According to the news，the prospect of A380 may be ________.　

　　A．not so good

　　B．cheerfulC．undesirable

　　D．gloomy

　　答案　B　[推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章對(duì)“空中巴士A380”的描述，我們可以推知：其前景是相當(dāng)樂(lè)觀的。]