大學英語四級精細閱讀攻略：做到有詳有略
說明：精讀在四六級考試中占20%，共計十題，均為選擇題。
精細閱讀基本解答方法：審題看文章解題。
1、 審題，勾畫出題干中的重要信息，以作為關鍵詞回到原文中尋找定位。
2、 看文章，有詳有略，重點讀懂全文開頭以及每段開頭抓出文章主題結構，同時標記關鍵詞和一些重點出題的特殊語言形式，如因果、轉折、比較等。
3、 解題，貫徹對應的原則，把有關鍵詞定位的原文與選項相對應，對原文信息完整同義改寫的選項既為答案。
例題：請在18分鐘內完成，請勿使用任何詞典類工具書。
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. 1The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.
2Erosion of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. 3Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.
Angry owners have called on the Government to erect 4sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would 1cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely 2make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to 5buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.
1. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?
A) The rising of the sea level.
B) The experts lack of knowledge.
C) The washing-away of limestone cliffs.
D) The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.（D）
2. The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ________.
A) will soon become a problem for people living in central England
B) has now become a threat to the local residents
C) can be stopped if proper measures are taken
D) is quickly changing the map of England（B）
3. The experts study on the problem of erosion can ________.
A) warn people whose homes are in danger（D）
B) provide an effective way to slow it down
C) help to prevent it from worsening
D) lead to its eventual solution
4. It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ________.
A) house agents along the coast do not support the idea
B) it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas
C) the government is too slow in taking action
D) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents（A）
5. According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should ________.
A) take the quality of the house into consideration
B) guard against being cheated by the house agent
C) examine the house carefully before making a decision
D) be aware of the potential danger involved（A）
答案：CBABD
文章分析：典型問題解答型文章，提出問題、分析問題、解決問題各成一段。
第1題針對問題成因發問，一段前兩句交代問題本身，有現象就會有解釋，第三句解釋原因，C選項的washing-away對應原文的eaten into。
第3題針對experts study發問，也就是分析問題，對應在二段三行找到定位，A選項的warn對應原文的forecasting。BCD都同時找到了有效的方案，原文僅僅forecast無方案，故排除。
第4題針對sea defenses這個解決方案發問，對應在三段開頭，題干not feasible對應原文impossible，有觀點就會有原因，為什么不可行，原因就在impossible后面，原因有12兩點，對應B選項。
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10are based on the following passage.
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher 6was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number7.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly,8 he found that 1errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows2 the optimum distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be3 an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
10He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
6. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.
A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
B) analyze the causes of errors made by football referees
C) set a standard for football refereeing
D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing（B）
7. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.
A) slightly above average
B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C) quite unexpected
D) as high as in a standard match（C）
8. The findings of the experiment show that ________.
A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot（A）
9. The word officials most probably refers to ________.
A) the researchers involved in the experiment
B) the inspectors of the football tournament
C) the referees of the football tournament
D) the observers at the site of the experiment（C）
10. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.（B）
答案：BCACB
文章分析：典型實驗型文章，包含五大要素：目的、原理、方法、數據、結論。其中，實驗原理過于專業幾乎不考，實驗方法、數據等細節性描寫，屬于次要信息很少考到，重點關注實驗的目的與結論。
第6題針對mean to目的發問，對應文章開頭目的性表達。
第7題針對number數據發問，注意數據本身不重要，數據前或后的結論才重要，a remarkably high number是三段唯一值得關注的有效信息，high而不是higher說明原文沒有比較，是一個絕對高的數字，選項A（above）B（higher）D（asas）都包含了比較，故排除。
第8題針對findings結論發問，按照出題順序，對應在文章中間的四、五段，分別由found、show引導出12兩個結論關于distance，同時由一個并列連詞also引出3第三個結論關于speed。因為原文提及出optimum ，因此既不能過近或過遠也不能過快或過慢，故BC排除。
第10題針對conclusions結論發問，按順序對應在最后，末段結論45退休misguided，故A排除。原文physical condition is less critical（critical：the most important），故C排除。D中poor physical condition的poor含義過于寬泛，意味physical condition無所謂不重要，只要有經驗就可以，而原文less critical雖非最重要，但絕對意義上仍然重要不能忽視，故D排除。
說明：精讀在四六級考試中占20%，共計十題，均為選擇題。
精細閱讀基本解答方法：審題看文章解題。
1、 審題，勾畫出題干中的重要信息，以作為關鍵詞回到原文中尋找定位。
2、 看文章，有詳有略，重點讀懂全文開頭以及每段開頭抓出文章主題結構，同時標記關鍵詞和一些重點出題的特殊語言形式，如因果、轉折、比較等。
3、 解題，貫徹對應的原則，把有關鍵詞定位的原文與選項相對應，對原文信息完整同義改寫的選項既為答案。
例題：請在18分鐘內完成，請勿使用任何詞典類工具書。
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. 1The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.
2Erosion of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. 3Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.
Angry owners have called on the Government to erect 4sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would 1cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely 2make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to 5buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.
1. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?
A) The rising of the sea level.
B) The experts lack of knowledge.
C) The washing-away of limestone cliffs.
D) The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.（D）
2. The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ________.
A) will soon become a problem for people living in central England
B) has now become a threat to the local residents
C) can be stopped if proper measures are taken
D) is quickly changing the map of England（B）
3. The experts study on the problem of erosion can ________.
A) warn people whose homes are in danger（D）
B) provide an effective way to slow it down
C) help to prevent it from worsening
D) lead to its eventual solution
4. It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ________.
A) house agents along the coast do not support the idea
B) it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas
C) the government is too slow in taking action
D) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents（A）
5. According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, people should ________.
A) take the quality of the house into consideration
B) guard against being cheated by the house agent
C) examine the house carefully before making a decision
D) be aware of the potential danger involved（A）
答案：CBABD
文章分析：典型問題解答型文章，提出問題、分析問題、解決問題各成一段。
第1題針對問題成因發問，一段前兩句交代問題本身，有現象就會有解釋，第三句解釋原因，C選項的washing-away對應原文的eaten into。
第3題針對experts study發問，也就是分析問題，對應在二段三行找到定位，A選項的warn對應原文的forecasting。BCD都同時找到了有效的方案，原文僅僅forecast無方案，故排除。
第4題針對sea defenses這個解決方案發問，對應在三段開頭，題干not feasible對應原文impossible，有觀點就會有原因，為什么不可行，原因就在impossible后面，原因有12兩點，對應B選項。
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10are based on the following passage.
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher 6was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number7.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly,8 he found that 1errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows2 the optimum distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be3 an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
10He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.
6. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.
A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup
B) analyze the causes of errors made by football referees
C) set a standard for football refereeing
D) reexamine the rules for football refereeing（B）
7. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.
A) slightly above average
B) higher than in the 1998 World Cup
C) quite unexpected
D) as high as in a standard match（C）
8. The findings of the experiment show that ________.
A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball
B) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors
C) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur
D) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot（A）
9. The word officials most probably refers to ________.
A) the researchers involved in the experiment
B) the inspectors of the football tournament
C) the referees of the football tournament
D) the observers at the site of the experiment（C）
10. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.
B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.
C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.
D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.（B）
答案：BCACB
文章分析：典型實驗型文章，包含五大要素：目的、原理、方法、數據、結論。其中，實驗原理過于專業幾乎不考，實驗方法、數據等細節性描寫，屬于次要信息很少考到，重點關注實驗的目的與結論。
第6題針對mean to目的發問，對應文章開頭目的性表達。
第7題針對number數據發問，注意數據本身不重要，數據前或后的結論才重要，a remarkably high number是三段唯一值得關注的有效信息，high而不是higher說明原文沒有比較，是一個絕對高的數字，選項A（above）B（higher）D（asas）都包含了比較，故排除。
第8題針對findings結論發問，按照出題順序，對應在文章中間的四、五段，分別由found、show引導出12兩個結論關于distance，同時由一個并列連詞also引出3第三個結論關于speed。因為原文提及出optimum ，因此既不能過近或過遠也不能過快或過慢，故BC排除。
第10題針對conclusions結論發問，按順序對應在最后，末段結論45退休misguided，故A排除。原文physical condition is less critical（critical：the most important），故C排除。D中poor physical condition的poor含義過于寬泛，意味physical condition無所謂不重要，只要有經驗就可以，而原文less critical雖非最重要，但絕對意義上仍然重要不能忽視，故D排除。
