2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語(yǔ)中占了40分，所以考研英語(yǔ)閱讀是英語(yǔ)科目中重要的一項(xiàng)。名師老師曾建議過(guò)考研生需要堅(jiān)持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強(qiáng)烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語(yǔ)的主要材料來(lái)源.希望考研考生認(rèn)真閱讀，快速提高考研英語(yǔ)閱讀水平。 　　Business 　　商業(yè)報(bào)道 　　General Motors woes 　　通用的悲鳴 　　What do you recall? 　　你召回什么? 　　GM is forced to confront its faults 　　通用被迫面對(duì)它的錯(cuò)誤 　　WHEN Mary Barra took the wheel at General Motors in January she inherited a company ingood shape. 　　Mary Barra 在二月份接掌通用汽車時(shí)，公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)勢(shì)良好。 　　Five years after bankruptcy, its profits were exceeding expectations and its share price wasrising. 　　破產(chǎn)5年之后，它的利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)預(yù)期，股價(jià)也在持續(xù)上升。 　　But the new boss s to-do list was long: fixing GM s loss-making European arm, keeping upmomentum in China amid signs of a slowdown and rejuvenating the product line. 　　但是新的掌門人面臨著一系列的問(wèn)題：整頓歐洲分支的虧損問(wèn)題;在出現(xiàn)衰退跡象的情況下，保持中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭并發(fā)展生產(chǎn)線。 　　Ms Barra s predecessor, Dan Akerson, warned her that she would also face curve balls. 　　Barra女士的前任Dan Akerson 告誡她可能也會(huì)面臨曲線球。 　　The first has arrived sooner than she might have expected. 　　第一個(gè)比她預(yù)期的來(lái)得更快。 　　What appeared to be a routine recall in mid-February of about 800,000 older models, linkedto a faulty ignition switch, has turned out to be anything but. 　　在二月中旬看似是例行召回的800000輛舊款車結(jié)果顯示只是因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)的缺陷。 　　The number of cars recalled has leapt to more than 2.6m. 　　被召回的車已經(jīng)超過(guò)260萬(wàn)輛。 　　The company s inept handling of a safety problem that first became apparent a decade agois now linked to the deaths of at least 13 motorists. 　　公司對(duì)于安全問(wèn)題的笨拙處理，在十年之前首次顯露。現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)與至少13位駕駛者的死亡有關(guān)。 　　Called before Congress on April 1st to answer for GM s failings Ms Barra said she was deeplysorry but insisted that the post-bankruptcy new GM was not like the old GM, which hadfailed to deal with the ignition switches for years. 　　4月1號(hào)被召到國(guó)會(huì)回答通用失敗的原因，Barra說(shuō)她深表遺憾，但是她強(qiáng)調(diào)破產(chǎn)重組后的新通用和處理點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)多年未果的老通用不同。 　　Politicians and the public alike want to know how such a problem could have remainedunaddressed for so long. 　　政客和公眾想知道為什么這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題能夠懸而未決這么久。 　　Cars are becoming ever more complex machines, with thousands of mechanical andelectronic parts. 　　汽車構(gòu)造越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，有著成千上萬(wàn)的機(jī)械以及電氣構(gòu)造。 　　Recalls are not uncommon. 　　召回并不罕見(jiàn)。 　　Last year it happened to 22m vehicles in America, compared with 18m in 2023. 　　去年美國(guó)有2200萬(wàn)汽車召回，而2023年召回了1800萬(wàn)輛。 　　In fact, GM was one of only three brands that recalled fewer vehicles than it sold. 　　實(shí)際上，通用曾是召回比售出少的三巨頭之一。 　　Niggling problems, like squeaks or rattles, that do not affect safety are more common still. 　　不影響安全的類似于發(fā)出吱吱聲或者為嗡嗡聲的瑣碎問(wèn)題愈發(fā)常見(jiàn)。 　　They may be fixed at a routine service; the owner may never know. 　　它們有可能在例行服務(wù)中被處理好，汽車所有者可能永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)知道。 　　The growing number of recalls is testament to an improving system for picking up faults. 　　增加的召回?cái)?shù)量是發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題體系在不斷完善的明證。 　　But it is very complicated. 　　但是這個(gè)系統(tǒng)很復(fù)雜。 　　Dealers must record replacements of parts under warranty. 　　經(jīng)銷商必須在授權(quán)下記錄置換部分。 　　The carmaker needs to spot the trend, recognise it as a problem and then determinewhether or not it is a design fault that requires wholesale replacement. 　　汽車制造者需要發(fā)現(xiàn)這一趨勢(shì)，認(rèn)定其為一個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后確認(rèn)是否為需要全部替換的設(shè)計(jì)失誤。 　　It relies on accurate recording of every warranty replacement in every region, saysAndrew Bergbaum of AlixPartners, a firm of consultants. 　　咨詢公司AlixPartners的Andrew Bergbaum說(shuō)：它依賴于每一地區(qū)的每一個(gè)授權(quán)置換的精確記錄。 　　This system appears to have broken down at old GM. 　　但是這一體系在老通用貌似沒(méi)能施行。 　　Ms Barra needs to find out why. 　　Barra需要找出其原因。 　　At the heart of the matter is a widely used ignition switch that has a tendency to slip fromthe on position to off if a driver uses a heavy keychain or bounces down a rough road. 　　問(wèn)題的核心是：廣泛使用的點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)在駕駛者使用重鑰匙串或者在崎嶇路上顛簸時(shí)有從開(kāi)滑落到關(guān)的趨向。 　　A modification was made in 2008 to prevent the problem, which can lead to the engineshutting off, disabling the airbags. 　　一個(gè)裝置在2008年被設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題，但是它可能導(dǎo)致引擎熄火和安全氣囊的失效。 　　But despite a growing list of crashes and deaths, GM failed to order a recall for a componentthat would have cost a few dollars at most. 　　盡管有著上升的撞車及死亡記錄，但是通用并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行召回，雖然這些召回最多只是花一點(diǎn)錢。 　　This is odd. 　　這很奇怪。 　　Most carmakers want to identify and fix problems speedily despite having to bear the cost ofbuying and fitting a new component. 　　大多數(shù)汽車制造者希望及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并處理問(wèn)題，盡管會(huì)支付購(gòu)買以及安裝新元件的費(fèi)用。 　　A small part can do great harm, if bad publicity leads to reputational corrosion, lost salesand litigation, which in America can include hefty punitive damages. 　　千里之堤潰于蟻穴，如果壞的消息傳開(kāi)導(dǎo)致名譽(yù)受損、銷量下降以及被起訴，這在美國(guó)預(yù)示著高額懲罰性賠償。 　　Appearing to put profits before safety is also liable to batter a firm s shares, as GM hasdiscovered. 　　通用證實(shí)了，表現(xiàn)得重利益甚于重視安全也會(huì)引起公司股票的大跌。 　　So far Ms Barra has handled the situation well. 　　Barra到目前為止將這個(gè)局面處理得很好。 　　She seems to have acted as soon as she found out something was awry. 　　她似乎在一發(fā)現(xiàn)事情不對(duì)，就立即采取行動(dòng)。 　　And she has borrowed strategies from Toyota, which was forced into recalling more than 10mvehicles in 2009 and 2010 after worrying instances of unintended acceleration. 　　她借鑒了豐田公司的策略。豐田在擔(dān)心突然加速的例子，在2009年和2010年先后召回了1000萬(wàn)輛汽車。 　　Akio Toyoda, Toyota s boss, also appeared before Congress, contrite and apologetic. 　　豐田公司掌門人Akio Toyoda也在國(guó)會(huì)現(xiàn)身，賠禮道歉。 　　GM, like Toyota, has appointed a worldwide safety tsar to cut through the bureaucracy thatmay have delayed action on the faulty switch. 　　通用和豐田一樣，任命了一個(gè)全球性的安全特使來(lái)整飭可能導(dǎo)致拖延問(wèn)題開(kāi)關(guān)處理的官僚作風(fēng)。 　　And in a frenzy of housecleaning, GM has recalled another 2m vehicles in America alone. 　　在一場(chǎng)狂風(fēng)驟雨般的清理中，通用單單在美國(guó)就另外召回了200萬(wàn)輛車。 　　GM looks set to accept moral, if not legal, responsibility. 　　如果不是法律要求的，通用似乎也會(huì)接受道德責(zé)任。 　　The terms of its exit from bankruptcy give immunity to lawsuits for injuries arisingbeforehand. 　　通用退出破產(chǎn)的條件賦予其豁免于之前傷害訴訟的權(quán)利。 　　But GM is likely to compensate survivors and victims families anyway. 　　但是通用不管怎樣，可能賠償幸存者以及遇難者家屬。 　　Toyota had a terrible year after its big recalls, battered by mounting costs and falling sales. 　　豐田在它的大召回后經(jīng)歷了困難的一年，深陷于大量的費(fèi)用以及減少的銷量之中。 　　But it has since regained the lost ground. 　　但是它已經(jīng)重新奪回失去的市場(chǎng)。 　　It is not yet clear how much of a hammering GM will take. 　　通用會(huì)經(jīng)受怎樣的打擊現(xiàn)在還不清楚。 　　But hours before Ms Barra s meeting with Congress, the Insurance Institute for HighwaySafety issued a coveted Top Safety Pick endorsement for the new Chevrolet Malibu, one ofa growing number of well-received cars from GM. 　　但是在Barra出席國(guó)會(huì)之前，高速公路安全保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)頒發(fā)了一個(gè)令人垂涎的最高安全評(píng)價(jià)的認(rèn)證給了通用銷量大漲、廣受歡迎的雪佛蘭邁銳寶。 　　That suggests it is at least on the road to redemption. 　　這表明通用至少在救贖的路上。 　　詞語(yǔ)解釋 　　1.deal with 應(yīng)付;對(duì)待 　　He also has some unfamiliar problems to dealwith. 　　但他還有一些不熟悉的問(wèn)題需要處理。 　　Deal with a boss who bullies. 　　對(duì)付以強(qiáng)欺弱的老板。 　　2.keep up 持續(xù)不變;保持;保養(yǎng) 　　Many japanese strive to keep up egalitarian appearances. 　　很多日本人努力保持平等待人的形象。 　　Magritte could not keep up this phlegmatic act, however. 　　話雖如此，但他似乎無(wú)法這種保持冷靜的行為。 　　3.link to 與連接， 聯(lián)系 　　Why not express those thoughts coherently and all together on a blog or facebook or googleplus post, and link to that from twitter? 　　為什么不一口氣在博客或者Facebook或者Google Plus的帖子里闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，再在Twitter上發(fā)布相關(guān)鏈接呢? 　　I have to say that I am really enjoying my direct link to the cloud, which was inserted in thesoft tissue behind my eye last winter. 　　我得說(shuō)，我相當(dāng)享受與云端的直接鏈接，去年冬天，它們植入了我雙眼下面的軟組織中。 　　4.fail to 未能 　　Things change and when you fail to grasp that truth you suffer. 　　世事變遷，而且你也未能領(lǐng)會(huì)承受折磨的真相。 　　Those who view liquidation of past excesses as the solution fail to understand the risks. 　　那些認(rèn)為清除過(guò)去的金融過(guò)度現(xiàn)象就能解決問(wèn)題的人，未能理解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所在。

　　2023復(fù)習(xí)正是強(qiáng)化復(fù)習(xí)階段，在考研英語(yǔ)中占了40分，所以考研英語(yǔ)閱讀是英語(yǔ)科目中重要的一項(xiàng)。名師老師曾建議過(guò)考研生需要堅(jiān)持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強(qiáng)烈推薦了雜志《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語(yǔ)的主要材料來(lái)源.希望考研考生認(rèn)真閱讀，快速提高考研英語(yǔ)閱讀水平。 　　Business 　　商業(yè)報(bào)道 　　General Motors woes 　　通用的悲鳴 　　What do you recall? 　　你召回什么? 　　GM is forced to confront its faults 　　通用被迫面對(duì)它的錯(cuò)誤 　　WHEN Mary Barra took the wheel at General Motors in January she inherited a company ingood shape. 　　Mary Barra 在二月份接掌通用汽車時(shí)，公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)勢(shì)良好。 　　Five years after bankruptcy, its profits were exceeding expectations and its share price wasrising. 　　破產(chǎn)5年之后，它的利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)預(yù)期，股價(jià)也在持續(xù)上升。 　　But the new boss s to-do list was long: fixing GM s loss-making European arm, keeping upmomentum in China amid signs of a slowdown and rejuvenating the product line. 　　但是新的掌門人面臨著一系列的問(wèn)題：整頓歐洲分支的虧損問(wèn)題;在出現(xiàn)衰退跡象的情況下，保持中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭并發(fā)展生產(chǎn)線。 　　Ms Barra s predecessor, Dan Akerson, warned her that she would also face curve balls. 　　Barra女士的前任Dan Akerson 告誡她可能也會(huì)面臨曲線球。 　　The first has arrived sooner than she might have expected. 　　第一個(gè)比她預(yù)期的來(lái)得更快。 　　What appeared to be a routine recall in mid-February of about 800,000 older models, linkedto a faulty ignition switch, has turned out to be anything but. 　　在二月中旬看似是例行召回的800000輛舊款車結(jié)果顯示只是因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)的缺陷。 　　The number of cars recalled has leapt to more than 2.6m. 　　被召回的車已經(jīng)超過(guò)260萬(wàn)輛。 　　The company s inept handling of a safety problem that first became apparent a decade agois now linked to the deaths of at least 13 motorists. 　　公司對(duì)于安全問(wèn)題的笨拙處理，在十年之前首次顯露?，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)與至少13位駕駛者的死亡有關(guān)。 　　Called before Congress on April 1st to answer for GM s failings Ms Barra said she was deeplysorry but insisted that the post-bankruptcy new GM was not like the old GM, which hadfailed to deal with the ignition switches for years. 　　4月1號(hào)被召到國(guó)會(huì)回答通用失敗的原因，Barra說(shuō)她深表遺憾，但是她強(qiáng)調(diào)破產(chǎn)重組后的新通用和處理點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)多年未果的老通用不同。 　　Politicians and the public alike want to know how such a problem could have remainedunaddressed for so long. 　　政客和公眾想知道為什么這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題能夠懸而未決這么久。 　　Cars are becoming ever more complex machines, with thousands of mechanical andelectronic parts. 　　汽車構(gòu)造越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，有著成千上萬(wàn)的機(jī)械以及電氣構(gòu)造。 　　Recalls are not uncommon. 　　召回并不罕見(jiàn)。 　　Last year it happened to 22m vehicles in America, compared with 18m in 2023. 　　去年美國(guó)有2200萬(wàn)汽車召回，而2023年召回了1800萬(wàn)輛。 　　In fact, GM was one of only three brands that recalled fewer vehicles than it sold. 　　實(shí)際上，通用曾是召回比售出少的三巨頭之一。 　　Niggling problems, like squeaks or rattles, that do not affect safety are more common still. 　　不影響安全的類似于發(fā)出吱吱聲或者為嗡嗡聲的瑣碎問(wèn)題愈發(fā)常見(jiàn)。 　　They may be fixed at a routine service; the owner may never know. 　　它們有可能在例行服務(wù)中被處理好，汽車所有者可能永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)知道。 　　The growing number of recalls is testament to an improving system for picking up faults. 　　增加的召回?cái)?shù)量是發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題體系在不斷完善的明證。 　　But it is very complicated. 　　但是這個(gè)系統(tǒng)很復(fù)雜。 　　Dealers must record replacements of parts under warranty. 　　經(jīng)銷商必須在授權(quán)下記錄置換部分。 　　The carmaker needs to spot the trend, recognise it as a problem and then determinewhether or not it is a design fault that requires wholesale replacement. 　　汽車制造者需要發(fā)現(xiàn)這一趨勢(shì)，認(rèn)定其為一個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后確認(rèn)是否為需要全部替換的設(shè)計(jì)失誤。 　　It relies on accurate recording of every warranty replacement in every region, saysAndrew Bergbaum of AlixPartners, a firm of consultants. 　　咨詢公司AlixPartners的Andrew Bergbaum說(shuō)：它依賴于每一地區(qū)的每一個(gè)授權(quán)置換的精確記錄。 　　This system appears to have broken down at old GM. 　　但是這一體系在老通用貌似沒(méi)能施行。 　　Ms Barra needs to find out why. 　　Barra需要找出其原因。 　　At the heart of the matter is a widely used ignition switch that has a tendency to slip fromthe on position to off if a driver uses a heavy keychain or bounces down a rough road. 　　問(wèn)題的核心是：廣泛使用的點(diǎn)火開(kāi)關(guān)在駕駛者使用重鑰匙串或者在崎嶇路上顛簸時(shí)有從開(kāi)滑落到關(guān)的趨向。 　　A modification was made in 2008 to prevent the problem, which can lead to the engineshutting off, disabling the airbags. 　　一個(gè)裝置在2008年被設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題，但是它可能導(dǎo)致引擎熄火和安全氣囊的失效。 　　But despite a growing list of crashes and deaths, GM failed to order a recall for a componentthat would have cost a few dollars at most. 　　盡管有著上升的撞車及死亡記錄，但是通用并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行召回，雖然這些召回最多只是花一點(diǎn)錢。 　　This is odd. 　　這很奇怪。 　　Most carmakers want to identify and fix problems speedily despite having to bear the cost ofbuying and fitting a new component. 　　大多數(shù)汽車制造者希望及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并處理問(wèn)題，盡管會(huì)支付購(gòu)買以及安裝新元件的費(fèi)用。 　　A small part can do great harm, if bad publicity leads to reputational corrosion, lost salesand litigation, which in America can include hefty punitive damages. 　　千里之堤潰于蟻穴，如果壞的消息傳開(kāi)導(dǎo)致名譽(yù)受損、銷量下降以及被起訴，這在美國(guó)預(yù)示著高額懲罰性賠償。 　　Appearing to put profits before safety is also liable to batter a firm s shares, as GM hasdiscovered. 　　通用證實(shí)了，表現(xiàn)得重利益甚于重視安全也會(huì)引起公司股票的大跌。 　　So far Ms Barra has handled the situation well. 　　Barra到目前為止將這個(gè)局面處理得很好。 　　She seems to have acted as soon as she found out something was awry. 　　她似乎在一發(fā)現(xiàn)事情不對(duì)，就立即采取行動(dòng)。 　　And she has borrowed strategies from Toyota, which was forced into recalling more than 10mvehicles in 2009 and 2010 after worrying instances of unintended acceleration. 　　她借鑒了豐田公司的策略。豐田在擔(dān)心突然加速的例子，在2009年和2010年先后召回了1000萬(wàn)輛汽車。 　　Akio Toyoda, Toyota s boss, also appeared before Congress, contrite and apologetic. 　　豐田公司掌門人Akio Toyoda也在國(guó)會(huì)現(xiàn)身，賠禮道歉。 　　GM, like Toyota, has appointed a worldwide safety tsar to cut through the bureaucracy thatmay have delayed action on the faulty switch. 　　通用和豐田一樣，任命了一個(gè)全球性的安全特使來(lái)整飭可能導(dǎo)致拖延問(wèn)題開(kāi)關(guān)處理的官僚作風(fēng)。 　　And in a frenzy of housecleaning, GM has recalled another 2m vehicles in America alone. 　　在一場(chǎng)狂風(fēng)驟雨般的清理中，通用單單在美國(guó)就另外召回了200萬(wàn)輛車。 　　GM looks set to accept moral, if not legal, responsibility. 　　如果不是法律要求的，通用似乎也會(huì)接受道德責(zé)任。 　　The terms of its exit from bankruptcy give immunity to lawsuits for injuries arisingbeforehand. 　　通用退出破產(chǎn)的條件賦予其豁免于之前傷害訴訟的權(quán)利。 　　But GM is likely to compensate survivors and victims families anyway. 　　但是通用不管怎樣，可能賠償幸存者以及遇難者家屬。 　　Toyota had a terrible year after its big recalls, battered by mounting costs and falling sales. 　　豐田在它的大召回后經(jīng)歷了困難的一年，深陷于大量的費(fèi)用以及減少的銷量之中。 　　But it has since regained the lost ground. 　　但是它已經(jīng)重新奪回失去的市場(chǎng)。 　　It is not yet clear how much of a hammering GM will take. 　　通用會(huì)經(jīng)受怎樣的打擊現(xiàn)在還不清楚。 　　But hours before Ms Barra s meeting with Congress, the Insurance Institute for HighwaySafety issued a coveted Top Safety Pick endorsement for the new Chevrolet Malibu, one ofa growing number of well-received cars from GM. 　　但是在Barra出席國(guó)會(huì)之前，高速公路安全保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)頒發(fā)了一個(gè)令人垂涎的最高安全評(píng)價(jià)的認(rèn)證給了通用銷量大漲、廣受歡迎的雪佛蘭邁銳寶。 　　That suggests it is at least on the road to redemption. 　　這表明通用至少在救贖的路上。 　　詞語(yǔ)解釋 　　1.deal with 應(yīng)付;對(duì)待 　　He also has some unfamiliar problems to dealwith. 　　但他還有一些不熟悉的問(wèn)題需要處理。 　　Deal with a boss who bullies. 　　對(duì)付以強(qiáng)欺弱的老板。 　　2.keep up 持續(xù)不變;保持;保養(yǎng) 　　Many japanese strive to keep up egalitarian appearances. 　　很多日本人努力保持平等待人的形象。 　　Magritte could not keep up this phlegmatic act, however. 　　話雖如此，但他似乎無(wú)法這種保持冷靜的行為。 　　3.link to 與連接， 聯(lián)系 　　Why not express those thoughts coherently and all together on a blog or facebook or googleplus post, and link to that from twitter? 　　為什么不一口氣在博客或者Facebook或者Google Plus的帖子里闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，再在Twitter上發(fā)布相關(guān)鏈接呢? 　　I have to say that I am really enjoying my direct link to the cloud, which was inserted in thesoft tissue behind my eye last winter. 　　我得說(shuō)，我相當(dāng)享受與云端的直接鏈接，去年冬天，它們植入了我雙眼下面的軟組織中。 　　4.fail to 未能 　　Things change and when you fail to grasp that truth you suffer. 　　世事變遷，而且你也未能領(lǐng)會(huì)承受折磨的真相。 　　Those who view liquidation of past excesses as the solution fail to understand the risks. 　　那些認(rèn)為清除過(guò)去的金融過(guò)度現(xiàn)象就能解決問(wèn)題的人，未能理解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所在。