英語講義【59】名詞修飾語的排列秩序
在英語句子里,幾個(gè)修飾語疊用的時(shí)候,有一定的排列秩序。修飾語在句子中的位置錯(cuò)了,或排列亂了,便有麻煩,甚至意思也會因此改變,有時(shí)連語氣也不通暢。
通常幾個(gè)修飾語在名詞之前出現(xiàn)時(shí),它們的秩序應(yīng)該這樣排列:
首先是限定詞(determiner),如the, my, this等。接著是所有格(possessive case),如mans, childrens, Johns 等。第三是序數(shù)(ordinal)如first, next, last等。第四是數(shù)目(number),如many, several, ten等。第五是性質(zhì)形容詞( adjective of quality),如interesting, beautiful, gloomy 等。第六是形狀,(size, shape, length)如little, round, long等。第七是顏色(colour), 如red, black, white等。第八是國家(nation),如French, Indian, Singapore等。第九是屬性名詞(即充當(dāng)修飾語的名詞,attributive noun),如 history, oil, silk等。
現(xiàn)在舉幾個(gè)例子給大家參考。
① For such an occasion, you need a red silk shirt.
② Johns office is equipped with some new white steel furniture.
③ My friends restaurant serves delicious red French wine.
④ The lecturers first long public speech was a real success.
⑤ There are some comfortable round black chairs in the living room.
⑥ The artists first three expensive long blue Chinese oil paintings have been stolen.
由此可見,英語的幾個(gè)修飾語,必須順序排列,以便同時(shí)修飾后頭的名詞。
有些人對上述修飾語的排列秩序沒有明確的概念,結(jié)果句子雖然合語法,但讀來不順口。例如⑦a和⑦b都合語法,但前者有問題,后者沒有:
⑦a My teacher is a Chinese story well-known writer.
⑦b My teacher is a well-known Chinese story writer.
不同詞類的修飾語如此,同詞類的修飾語也如此。例如我們常常習(xí)慣一連用幾個(gè)性質(zhì)形容詞來修飾同一個(gè)名詞。這個(gè)時(shí)候,每個(gè)形容詞便要重音讀出,每讀一個(gè)便要稍微停頓一下。書面語則用逗號表示。這些性質(zhì)形容詞之間沒有什么嚴(yán)格的秩序問題,不過習(xí)慣上,長的或音節(jié)多的形容詞,最好排在后頭,如:
⑧ This is a dull, difficult and badly-organised essay.
⑨ Yesterday was a windy, stormy and impleasant day.
此外,詞義較重要的修飾語,也較后才出現(xiàn),如:
⑩ That persons destiny is bad and tragic.
11. I loathe people who are unfriendly, unhelpful and hypocritical.
12. Good language teachers are able to make lessons easy, enjoyable and effective.
在英語句子里,幾個(gè)修飾語疊用的時(shí)候,有一定的排列秩序。修飾語在句子中的位置錯(cuò)了,或排列亂了,便有麻煩,甚至意思也會因此改變,有時(shí)連語氣也不通暢。
通常幾個(gè)修飾語在名詞之前出現(xiàn)時(shí),它們的秩序應(yīng)該這樣排列:
首先是限定詞(determiner),如the, my, this等。接著是所有格(possessive case),如mans, childrens, Johns 等。第三是序數(shù)(ordinal)如first, next, last等。第四是數(shù)目(number),如many, several, ten等。第五是性質(zhì)形容詞( adjective of quality),如interesting, beautiful, gloomy 等。第六是形狀,(size, shape, length)如little, round, long等。第七是顏色(colour), 如red, black, white等。第八是國家(nation),如French, Indian, Singapore等。第九是屬性名詞(即充當(dāng)修飾語的名詞,attributive noun),如 history, oil, silk等。
現(xiàn)在舉幾個(gè)例子給大家參考。
① For such an occasion, you need a red silk shirt.
② Johns office is equipped with some new white steel furniture.
③ My friends restaurant serves delicious red French wine.
④ The lecturers first long public speech was a real success.
⑤ There are some comfortable round black chairs in the living room.
⑥ The artists first three expensive long blue Chinese oil paintings have been stolen.
由此可見,英語的幾個(gè)修飾語,必須順序排列,以便同時(shí)修飾后頭的名詞。
有些人對上述修飾語的排列秩序沒有明確的概念,結(jié)果句子雖然合語法,但讀來不順口。例如⑦a和⑦b都合語法,但前者有問題,后者沒有:
⑦a My teacher is a Chinese story well-known writer.
⑦b My teacher is a well-known Chinese story writer.
不同詞類的修飾語如此,同詞類的修飾語也如此。例如我們常常習(xí)慣一連用幾個(gè)性質(zhì)形容詞來修飾同一個(gè)名詞。這個(gè)時(shí)候,每個(gè)形容詞便要重音讀出,每讀一個(gè)便要稍微停頓一下。書面語則用逗號表示。這些性質(zhì)形容詞之間沒有什么嚴(yán)格的秩序問題,不過習(xí)慣上,長的或音節(jié)多的形容詞,最好排在后頭,如:
⑧ This is a dull, difficult and badly-organised essay.
⑨ Yesterday was a windy, stormy and impleasant day.
此外,詞義較重要的修飾語,也較后才出現(xiàn),如:
⑩ That persons destiny is bad and tragic.
11. I loathe people who are unfriendly, unhelpful and hypocritical.
12. Good language teachers are able to make lessons easy, enjoyable and effective.