英語講義【137】詞語的搭配
不管是從句法或修辭角度看，詞語的搭配，都占據重要的位置，不可不察。
一般上說，下列這些場合中的詞語要配合好，句子的結構才會和諧，詞語才會相稱：
① 主語動詞
② 動詞賓語
③ 修飾語詞類
④ 形容詞名詞
⑤ 副詞動詞
⑥ 形容詞分句先行詞
詞語的搭配，對學習中英文的人來說尤其重要，因為中英文在詞語的搭配上有同有異。例如英語同一個動詞wear，可以和不同的名詞賓語搭配，如：WEAR+shoes/ clothes/ spectacles等。中文就不行；中文的穿只能和衣鞋連用，眼鏡就要改為戴了。
再舉cut為例。英語里可以說CUT+ grass/ finger-nails/ a tooth/ prices/ a stone figure/ a record。在中文里cut（割）只能和草連用；其他的名詞賓語，就需要別的動詞，如：剪指甲、出牙齒、減價、雕刻石像、灌錄唱片。
同樣道理，中文里同一個動詞，英語里卻需要不同動詞，如：
風蕭蕭、雨蕭蕭、馬蕭蕭、樹蕭蕭the wind whistled, the rain pattered, the horse neighed, the tree murmured.
在英語的錯誤中，詞語的搭配不是嚴重的一類，但也時有出現。例如①a里的動詞harmed和主語houses不合；②里的賓語knowledge及experience和動詞exercise格格不入；③a里的修飾語upset和被修飾的名詞eyes很不相稱。把它們改為①b、②b和③b之后，詞語間的搭配就很舒暢了：
①a. Many houses in the low-lying area were harmed by the floods.
b. Many houses in the low-lying area were damaged by the floods.
②a. This will give you an opportunity to exercise your knowledge and experience.
b. This will give you an opportunity to use/ make use of your knowledge and experience.
③a. Upset by the thick smoke, Susans eyes were filled with tears.
b. Irritated by the thick smoke, Susans eyes were filled with tears.
現在請看看下列各句中都有個不相稱的詞語，改正后，才順口：
④ The authorities preferred to educate dog owners rather than jeopardise them for every little transgression. （penalise/punish）
⑤ Anyone charged with skyrocketing a political regime will be severely dealt with. （dismantling/disintegrating）
⑥ Weapons easily become slipshod and the need to acquire new arms can be very ruinous to national coffers. （obsolete/outmoded）
⑦ Good health is especically vital to old people who are prone to anticipatory diseases. （degenerative）
⑧ Some people are sanguine about the situation and think that the scandal would soon blow over without severe misery of the present political system. （dislocation/dysfunction）
不管是從句法或修辭角度看，詞語的搭配，都占據重要的位置，不可不察。
一般上說，下列這些場合中的詞語要配合好，句子的結構才會和諧，詞語才會相稱：
① 主語動詞
② 動詞賓語
③ 修飾語詞類
④ 形容詞名詞
⑤ 副詞動詞
⑥ 形容詞分句先行詞
詞語的搭配，對學習中英文的人來說尤其重要，因為中英文在詞語的搭配上有同有異。例如英語同一個動詞wear，可以和不同的名詞賓語搭配，如：WEAR+shoes/ clothes/ spectacles等。中文就不行；中文的穿只能和衣鞋連用，眼鏡就要改為戴了。
再舉cut為例。英語里可以說CUT+ grass/ finger-nails/ a tooth/ prices/ a stone figure/ a record。在中文里cut（割）只能和草連用；其他的名詞賓語，就需要別的動詞，如：剪指甲、出牙齒、減價、雕刻石像、灌錄唱片。
同樣道理，中文里同一個動詞，英語里卻需要不同動詞，如：
風蕭蕭、雨蕭蕭、馬蕭蕭、樹蕭蕭the wind whistled, the rain pattered, the horse neighed, the tree murmured.
在英語的錯誤中，詞語的搭配不是嚴重的一類，但也時有出現。例如①a里的動詞harmed和主語houses不合；②里的賓語knowledge及experience和動詞exercise格格不入；③a里的修飾語upset和被修飾的名詞eyes很不相稱。把它們改為①b、②b和③b之后，詞語間的搭配就很舒暢了：
①a. Many houses in the low-lying area were harmed by the floods.
b. Many houses in the low-lying area were damaged by the floods.
②a. This will give you an opportunity to exercise your knowledge and experience.
b. This will give you an opportunity to use/ make use of your knowledge and experience.
③a. Upset by the thick smoke, Susans eyes were filled with tears.
b. Irritated by the thick smoke, Susans eyes were filled with tears.
現在請看看下列各句中都有個不相稱的詞語，改正后，才順口：
④ The authorities preferred to educate dog owners rather than jeopardise them for every little transgression. （penalise/punish）
⑤ Anyone charged with skyrocketing a political regime will be severely dealt with. （dismantling/disintegrating）
⑥ Weapons easily become slipshod and the need to acquire new arms can be very ruinous to national coffers. （obsolete/outmoded）
⑦ Good health is especically vital to old people who are prone to anticipatory diseases. （degenerative）
⑧ Some people are sanguine about the situation and think that the scandal would soon blow over without severe misery of the present political system. （dislocation/dysfunction）
