英語講義【97】常見動詞的錯誤用法
英語動詞是所有詞類中最易犯錯的一種,許多英語運用上的毛病都和動詞有關(guān)。有時,連常用的動詞都會有用法上的錯誤。例如有些動詞意思相近,其實不盡然。至少,在用法上,會有所差別,如 rise和raise,stay和remain便是。有些動詞,單獨用時是一個意思和用法,加上介詞時,是另一個意思和用法,如 see和see to,search和search for 便是。
下面就來詳細談?wù)劇O瓤催@兩個句子:
① Sam raises very early every morning.
② The monitor rises his hand to ask a question.
大家知道,raise是個及物動詞,意思是舉起,要有賓語; rise是個不及物動詞,意思是起身,不可有賓語。這里的①和② 都錯;raises和rises必須對換才對。
③ He remained in the Holiday Inn.
④ The flowers stayed on the branches.
英語的remain是留下來;stay是暫住。顯然的,③和④ 是不合邏輯的,remained 和stayed必須互換。
⑤ A crook robbed her money.
⑥ A few masked men stole a small bank last night.
雖然robbed和stole都是及物動詞,有自己的賓語,但是它們在這里的用法不當。Steal要跟著被偷的東西,如錢財、珠寶等;rob的賓語是人或處所。因此,⑤和⑥的robbed和stole要掉轉(zhuǎn)一下。
類似的例子還有下面這些:
⑦ a. mend b. repair
這兩個動詞都是修理;不同的是:簡單的工作,用mend;復(fù)雜的或需要特別儀器的事項,則用repair,如:
⑦a. You can mend the broken part of the page with glue.
⑦b. It took some time to repair the road.
⑧a. burned b. burnt
這兩個動詞是burn的過去式和過去分詞;在句子中的崗位不同,通常有賓語時用burnt,沒賓語時用burned,如:
⑧a. The love of freedom burned in our hearts./ The candle has burned brightly for the whole night.
⑧b. Who has burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from her former boyfriend.
至于動詞和助動+介詞的誤用,我們可以看下面兩組例子:
⑨ The police searched the suspects in the shopping centre, but nobody was arrested.
⑩ I searched for my pocket and found some coins.
從語感就知道,⑨和⑩里的searched和searched for是倒置了。 ⑨要的是尋找(searched for);⑩要的是檢查(searched ),兩者對換才是。
(11) The boy says when he grows, he will be a teacher.
(12) Their business grows up rapiding.
英語的grow是發(fā)展;grow up是長大。顯然的,(11)和(12) 的兩個動詞又誤用了,要對調(diào)一下。
上面各例證明,英語動詞真是不簡單。看似沒什么問題的,也出現(xiàn)了問題,更何況是復(fù)雜特殊的用法呢?
英語動詞是所有詞類中最易犯錯的一種,許多英語運用上的毛病都和動詞有關(guān)。有時,連常用的動詞都會有用法上的錯誤。例如有些動詞意思相近,其實不盡然。至少,在用法上,會有所差別,如 rise和raise,stay和remain便是。有些動詞,單獨用時是一個意思和用法,加上介詞時,是另一個意思和用法,如 see和see to,search和search for 便是。
下面就來詳細談?wù)劇O瓤催@兩個句子:
① Sam raises very early every morning.
② The monitor rises his hand to ask a question.
大家知道,raise是個及物動詞,意思是舉起,要有賓語; rise是個不及物動詞,意思是起身,不可有賓語。這里的①和② 都錯;raises和rises必須對換才對。
③ He remained in the Holiday Inn.
④ The flowers stayed on the branches.
英語的remain是留下來;stay是暫住。顯然的,③和④ 是不合邏輯的,remained 和stayed必須互換。
⑤ A crook robbed her money.
⑥ A few masked men stole a small bank last night.
雖然robbed和stole都是及物動詞,有自己的賓語,但是它們在這里的用法不當。Steal要跟著被偷的東西,如錢財、珠寶等;rob的賓語是人或處所。因此,⑤和⑥的robbed和stole要掉轉(zhuǎn)一下。
類似的例子還有下面這些:
⑦ a. mend b. repair
這兩個動詞都是修理;不同的是:簡單的工作,用mend;復(fù)雜的或需要特別儀器的事項,則用repair,如:
⑦a. You can mend the broken part of the page with glue.
⑦b. It took some time to repair the road.
⑧a. burned b. burnt
這兩個動詞是burn的過去式和過去分詞;在句子中的崗位不同,通常有賓語時用burnt,沒賓語時用burned,如:
⑧a. The love of freedom burned in our hearts./ The candle has burned brightly for the whole night.
⑧b. Who has burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from her former boyfriend.
至于動詞和助動+介詞的誤用,我們可以看下面兩組例子:
⑨ The police searched the suspects in the shopping centre, but nobody was arrested.
⑩ I searched for my pocket and found some coins.
從語感就知道,⑨和⑩里的searched和searched for是倒置了。 ⑨要的是尋找(searched for);⑩要的是檢查(searched ),兩者對換才是。
(11) The boy says when he grows, he will be a teacher.
(12) Their business grows up rapiding.
英語的grow是發(fā)展;grow up是長大。顯然的,(11)和(12) 的兩個動詞又誤用了,要對調(diào)一下。
上面各例證明,英語動詞真是不簡單。看似沒什么問題的,也出現(xiàn)了問題,更何況是復(fù)雜特殊的用法呢?