高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-說(shuō)明文寫作三要素
說(shuō)明文寫作三要素
[講一講]
用英語(yǔ)寫說(shuō)明文,一要時(shí)態(tài)正確,二要條理清晰,內(nèi)容連貫,三要語(yǔ)言樸素,明了。
1. 說(shuō)明文主要采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因?yàn)檎f(shuō)明文多為對(duì)客觀事物或事件的描述,所以并不需要用過(guò)于復(fù)雜的時(shí)態(tài),省去了時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),行文時(shí)比較隨意、自然。但要注意,當(dāng)單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主謂語(yǔ)的一致要格外留意。要牢記變動(dòng)詞第三人稱需加 -es 的規(guī)律。
2. 要寫好說(shuō)明文,關(guān)鍵在于是否能做到行文自然有條理,措詞確切且得體。文章看似隨意,實(shí)是精心安排的結(jié)果,如老教材高二(上) Unit 3 中的 Body Language 一文,抓住 different 這一主線,由總而分后又由分而總,用鮮明的對(duì)比來(lái)說(shuō)明 Body language has different meanings in different countries. 雖然數(shù)例并舉,但文章脈胳清晰,例子多而不散,你不妨模仿這種寫法。
另外要寫出有條理的說(shuō)明文來(lái),還要注意行文的連貫性,這要求我們平常積累大量的過(guò)渡詞。如連接詞 although, but, when, as soon as, so ,承上啟下的副詞 generally, at the same time, finally, at last, later 等。這些都是課本中的實(shí)例。用對(duì),用好過(guò)渡詞,就能把各個(gè)段落有機(jī)聯(lián)系在一起,使整篇文章過(guò)渡自然,有條理,檔次也提高了。
3. 要寫好說(shuō)明文,還要學(xué)會(huì)使用一些常用詞組和固定短語(yǔ)。如上面說(shuō)過(guò)的 Body language 一文,作者使用了簡(jiǎn)短直接的句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明,讓讀者很輕快就明白了所介紹的內(nèi)容。該文還大量運(yùn)用了動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),把復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容用工整的句式統(tǒng)一起來(lái),同時(shí)加入不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞等非謂語(yǔ)形式,豐富了表達(dá)。這些句式,美化了語(yǔ)句,也使文章顯得緊湊,簡(jiǎn)約。所以,在今后的書面表達(dá)中,我們應(yīng)多嘗試使用。
范例:
題目要求:寫一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文。說(shuō)明步行有益健康。(內(nèi)容自選)
范文:
Walking is good to people's health
As everyone knows, either fast walk or slow walk does good to the muscles (肌肉) and lungs of human. So people walk to build up their body, or to lose weight. But only some of them know that taking a walk every day is also good for protecting man's heart. Heart attack has become the first disease in the world because most people suffer from it.
Taking a walk can improve the blood supply to our heart. If you try to walk as often as possible, you'll have a healthier heart.
[練一練]
1. 句式訓(xùn)練:
根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)完成下列句子:
① is my favorite sport.
溜冰是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。
② is no use without
光說(shuō)不做沒(méi)有用。
③ What I want to do now isin a river.
我現(xiàn)在想做的事是去河里游泳。
④ on the top of the mountain is very difficult.
在山頂呼吸非常困難。
⑤ How about the two of us a walk down the garden?
我們倆去花園散散步好嗎?
2. 作文訓(xùn)練:
題目要求:自擬題目寫一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文,談?wù)剬懹⒄Z(yǔ)日記的好處。
內(nèi)容包括:①記英語(yǔ)日記可以幫你復(fù)習(xí)各方面的英語(yǔ)知識(shí),如記憶單詞,正確使用短語(yǔ),選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)( sentence pattern ),正確運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)等。
②記英語(yǔ)日記可以提高你的寫作能力,常用英語(yǔ)記日記不僅幫你鞏固( consoled )所學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí),而且有助于你養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)思維的習(xí)慣,熟能生巧,久而久之,你的寫作能力就會(huì)有很大提高。
參考答案:
1. ① Skating ② It, talking, doing ③ to, swim ④ Breathing ⑤ taking
2. It is good to keep a diary in English
Keeping a diary in English does a great deal of good to my English study. Keeping a diary can help you review all the English knowledge you have learned. For example, you must know the correct spelling of each word needed in the diary; you must use the phrases correctly and choose the suitable sentence patterns, meanwhile, it is also necessary to use you knowledge of grammar in a correct way.
Keeping a diary can help you not only to console your knowledge of English, but to form the habit of thinking in English. Practice makes perfect. By and by, your English writing will be greatly improved.
說(shuō)明文寫作三要素
[講一講]
用英語(yǔ)寫說(shuō)明文,一要時(shí)態(tài)正確,二要條理清晰,內(nèi)容連貫,三要語(yǔ)言樸素,明了。
1. 說(shuō)明文主要采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因?yàn)檎f(shuō)明文多為對(duì)客觀事物或事件的描述,所以并不需要用過(guò)于復(fù)雜的時(shí)態(tài),省去了時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),行文時(shí)比較隨意、自然。但要注意,當(dāng)單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),主謂語(yǔ)的一致要格外留意。要牢記變動(dòng)詞第三人稱需加 -es 的規(guī)律。
2. 要寫好說(shuō)明文,關(guān)鍵在于是否能做到行文自然有條理,措詞確切且得體。文章看似隨意,實(shí)是精心安排的結(jié)果,如老教材高二(上) Unit 3 中的 Body Language 一文,抓住 different 這一主線,由總而分后又由分而總,用鮮明的對(duì)比來(lái)說(shuō)明 Body language has different meanings in different countries. 雖然數(shù)例并舉,但文章脈胳清晰,例子多而不散,你不妨模仿這種寫法。
另外要寫出有條理的說(shuō)明文來(lái),還要注意行文的連貫性,這要求我們平常積累大量的過(guò)渡詞。如連接詞 although, but, when, as soon as, so ,承上啟下的副詞 generally, at the same time, finally, at last, later 等。這些都是課本中的實(shí)例。用對(duì),用好過(guò)渡詞,就能把各個(gè)段落有機(jī)聯(lián)系在一起,使整篇文章過(guò)渡自然,有條理,檔次也提高了。
3. 要寫好說(shuō)明文,還要學(xué)會(huì)使用一些常用詞組和固定短語(yǔ)。如上面說(shuō)過(guò)的 Body language 一文,作者使用了簡(jiǎn)短直接的句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明,讓讀者很輕快就明白了所介紹的內(nèi)容。該文還大量運(yùn)用了動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),把復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容用工整的句式統(tǒng)一起來(lái),同時(shí)加入不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞等非謂語(yǔ)形式,豐富了表達(dá)。這些句式,美化了語(yǔ)句,也使文章顯得緊湊,簡(jiǎn)約。所以,在今后的書面表達(dá)中,我們應(yīng)多嘗試使用。
范例:
題目要求:寫一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文。說(shuō)明步行有益健康。(內(nèi)容自選)
范文:
Walking is good to people's health
As everyone knows, either fast walk or slow walk does good to the muscles (肌肉) and lungs of human. So people walk to build up their body, or to lose weight. But only some of them know that taking a walk every day is also good for protecting man's heart. Heart attack has become the first disease in the world because most people suffer from it.
Taking a walk can improve the blood supply to our heart. If you try to walk as often as possible, you'll have a healthier heart.
[練一練]
1. 句式訓(xùn)練:
根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)完成下列句子:
① is my favorite sport.
溜冰是我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。
② is no use without
光說(shuō)不做沒(méi)有用。
③ What I want to do now isin a river.
我現(xiàn)在想做的事是去河里游泳。
④ on the top of the mountain is very difficult.
在山頂呼吸非常困難。
⑤ How about the two of us a walk down the garden?
我們倆去花園散散步好嗎?
2. 作文訓(xùn)練:
題目要求:自擬題目寫一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文,談?wù)剬懹⒄Z(yǔ)日記的好處。
內(nèi)容包括:①記英語(yǔ)日記可以幫你復(fù)習(xí)各方面的英語(yǔ)知識(shí),如記憶單詞,正確使用短語(yǔ),選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)( sentence pattern ),正確運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)等。
②記英語(yǔ)日記可以提高你的寫作能力,常用英語(yǔ)記日記不僅幫你鞏固( consoled )所學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí),而且有助于你養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)思維的習(xí)慣,熟能生巧,久而久之,你的寫作能力就會(huì)有很大提高。
參考答案:
1. ① Skating ② It, talking, doing ③ to, swim ④ Breathing ⑤ taking
2. It is good to keep a diary in English
Keeping a diary in English does a great deal of good to my English study. Keeping a diary can help you review all the English knowledge you have learned. For example, you must know the correct spelling of each word needed in the diary; you must use the phrases correctly and choose the suitable sentence patterns, meanwhile, it is also necessary to use you knowledge of grammar in a correct way.
Keeping a diary can help you not only to console your knowledge of English, but to form the habit of thinking in English. Practice makes perfect. By and by, your English writing will be greatly improved.