高中英語語法-短文改錯(cuò)策略初探
短文改錯(cuò)策略初探
短文改錯(cuò)的目的是檢測(cè)考生對(duì)書面語篇的校驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Α1绢}給出一篇約 100 個(gè)單詞的英語短文,要求考生對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷,若有錯(cuò)誤就將其改正。短文中的錯(cuò)誤往往要在不同程度上借助語境來進(jìn)行判斷,因此,短文改錯(cuò)主要考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的準(zhǔn)確性及考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的準(zhǔn)確性及考查的語言觀察能力與評(píng)價(jià)能力。短文改錯(cuò)的測(cè)試注意了語言知識(shí)的覆蓋面,考查的內(nèi)容主要有:名詞、形容詞、冠詞、連詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞等。因此,我們應(yīng)全面了解其錯(cuò)誤類型,對(duì)癥下藥,探尋解題策略。
一、針對(duì)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
1. 如果該動(dòng)詞作謂語,可考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)。做短文改錯(cuò)題時(shí),應(yīng)通讀全文,看文章寫的是何時(shí)發(fā)生的事情,把握住總的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài),再確定各分句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。如:
?。?1 ) I'd like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. (改為 have )
?。?2 ) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (改為 passed )
?。?3 ) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (改為 visited )
2. 如果該動(dòng)詞不作謂語,可試著改成非謂語動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式( to do, doing, done )或其他從句,也可以把動(dòng)詞改成相應(yīng)的名詞形式。如:
?。?1 ) I look forward to hear from you soon. (改為 hearing )
?。?2 ) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (改為 playing )
?。?3 ) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (改為 climbing )
二、針對(duì)名詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
名詞的主要考點(diǎn)在其單復(fù)數(shù)形式上,常見的錯(cuò)誤類型有:物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,名詞單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾語不一致,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化混淆使用,名詞前可能缺少相應(yīng)的冠詞或名詞前沒有加 be 動(dòng)詞無法構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)等。因此,解題時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)或語意來確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
?。?1 ) As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (加 a )
?。?2 ) What your favourite sport? (加 is )
?。?3 ) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (加 the )
( 4 ) They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject . (改為 subjects )
三、針對(duì)冠詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
高考英語短文改錯(cuò)題對(duì)冠詞的考查幾乎年年都有,其考點(diǎn)主要設(shè)在缺少冠詞或多用、錯(cuò)用冠詞上。如:
?。?1 ) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (改為 one )
?。?2 ) I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (加 a )
?。?3 ) Today I visited the Smiths - my first visit to a American family. (改為 an )
四、針對(duì)介詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
在介詞前加上適當(dāng)形式的 be 動(dòng)詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu);注意介詞搭配是否正確;如果介詞是多余的,應(yīng)去掉。如:
( 1 ) Their school in the center of the city. (加 is )
?。?2 ) They drove the car in turns. (改為 by )
?。?3 ) But we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (去掉 about )
五、針對(duì)形容詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
如果形容詞在句中作謂語,它的前面應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)南祫?dòng)詞;注意形容詞與副詞、名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化以及形容詞不同比較級(jí)的運(yùn)用。如:
?。?1 ) They eager to know everything about China. (加 are )
( 2 ) I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together. (改為 wonderful )
?。?3 ) He went home as quick as possible. (改為 quickly )
?。?4 ) With more and more TV sets, the world is now small than before. (改為 smaller )
六、針對(duì)連詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
英語中句與句之間需使用并列或從屬連詞時(shí),我們要從上下文來判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)還是其它關(guān)系,從而選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞;在復(fù)合句中,應(yīng)根據(jù)主從句之間的關(guān)系來判斷連接詞使用是否準(zhǔn)確,要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。如:
?。?1 ) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (改為 or )
( 2 ) The food was expensive and the service was good. (改為 but )
?。?3 ) People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. (加 who )
?。?4 ) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (改為 How )
以上列舉了短文改錯(cuò)題中常出現(xiàn)的幾種錯(cuò)誤類型,當(dāng)然還有其它的錯(cuò)誤類型,比如:重復(fù)現(xiàn)象、指代關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤及定語從句使用錯(cuò)誤等。做題時(shí),應(yīng)從整體上去理解,從上述幾方面綜合觀察句子是否有錯(cuò),不能只拘泥于一兩個(gè)方面而忽視其它可能出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤,要逐行查改(一般情況下,十題當(dāng)中有一題是正確的),最后復(fù)讀核定,審看語言和行文邏輯等方面是否正確。
短文改錯(cuò)策略初探
短文改錯(cuò)的目的是檢測(cè)考生對(duì)書面語篇的校驗(yàn)?zāi)芰?。本題給出一篇約 100 個(gè)單詞的英語短文,要求考生對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷,若有錯(cuò)誤就將其改正。短文中的錯(cuò)誤往往要在不同程度上借助語境來進(jìn)行判斷,因此,短文改錯(cuò)主要考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的準(zhǔn)確性及考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的準(zhǔn)確性及考查的語言觀察能力與評(píng)價(jià)能力。短文改錯(cuò)的測(cè)試注意了語言知識(shí)的覆蓋面,考查的內(nèi)容主要有:名詞、形容詞、冠詞、連詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞等。因此,我們應(yīng)全面了解其錯(cuò)誤類型,對(duì)癥下藥,探尋解題策略。
一、針對(duì)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
1. 如果該動(dòng)詞作謂語,可考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)。做短文改錯(cuò)題時(shí),應(yīng)通讀全文,看文章寫的是何時(shí)發(fā)生的事情,把握住總的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài),再確定各分句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。如:
?。?1 ) I'd like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. (改為 have )
( 2 ) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (改為 passed )
?。?3 ) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (改為 visited )
2. 如果該動(dòng)詞不作謂語,可試著改成非謂語動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式( to do, doing, done )或其他從句,也可以把動(dòng)詞改成相應(yīng)的名詞形式。如:
?。?1 ) I look forward to hear from you soon. (改為 hearing )
( 2 ) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (改為 playing )
?。?3 ) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (改為 climbing )
二、針對(duì)名詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
名詞的主要考點(diǎn)在其單復(fù)數(shù)形式上,常見的錯(cuò)誤類型有:物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,名詞單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾語不一致,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化混淆使用,名詞前可能缺少相應(yīng)的冠詞或名詞前沒有加 be 動(dòng)詞無法構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)等。因此,解題時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)或語意來確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
?。?1 ) As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (加 a )
?。?2 ) What your favourite sport? (加 is )
?。?3 ) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (加 the )
?。?4 ) They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject . (改為 subjects )
三、針對(duì)冠詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
高考英語短文改錯(cuò)題對(duì)冠詞的考查幾乎年年都有,其考點(diǎn)主要設(shè)在缺少冠詞或多用、錯(cuò)用冠詞上。如:
?。?1 ) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (改為 one )
( 2 ) I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (加 a )
?。?3 ) Today I visited the Smiths - my first visit to a American family. (改為 an )
四、針對(duì)介詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
在介詞前加上適當(dāng)形式的 be 動(dòng)詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu);注意介詞搭配是否正確;如果介詞是多余的,應(yīng)去掉。如:
( 1 ) Their school in the center of the city. (加 is )
?。?2 ) They drove the car in turns. (改為 by )
?。?3 ) But we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (去掉 about )
五、針對(duì)形容詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
如果形容詞在句中作謂語,它的前面應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)南祫?dòng)詞;注意形容詞與副詞、名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化以及形容詞不同比較級(jí)的運(yùn)用。如:
( 1 ) They eager to know everything about China. (加 are )
?。?2 ) I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together. (改為 wonderful )
( 3 ) He went home as quick as possible. (改為 quickly )
( 4 ) With more and more TV sets, the world is now small than before. (改為 smaller )
六、針對(duì)連詞錯(cuò)誤的解題思路
英語中句與句之間需使用并列或從屬連詞時(shí),我們要從上下文來判斷句與句之間的關(guān)系是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、遞進(jìn)還是其它關(guān)系,從而選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞;在復(fù)合句中,應(yīng)根據(jù)主從句之間的關(guān)系來判斷連接詞使用是否準(zhǔn)確,要注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。如:
?。?1 ) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (改為 or )
?。?2 ) The food was expensive and the service was good. (改為 but )
( 3 ) People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. (加 who )
?。?4 ) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (改為 How )
以上列舉了短文改錯(cuò)題中常出現(xiàn)的幾種錯(cuò)誤類型,當(dāng)然還有其它的錯(cuò)誤類型,比如:重復(fù)現(xiàn)象、指代關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤及定語從句使用錯(cuò)誤等。做題時(shí),應(yīng)從整體上去理解,從上述幾方面綜合觀察句子是否有錯(cuò),不能只拘泥于一兩個(gè)方面而忽視其它可能出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤,要逐行查改(一般情況下,十題當(dāng)中有一題是正確的),最后復(fù)讀核定,審看語言和行文邏輯等方面是否正確。