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名師指導:英語從句總復習

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名師指導:英語從句總復習

  名師指導:英語從句總復習

    1)表語從句

    1.定義:用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。

    2.構成:關聯詞+簡單句

    3.引導表語從句的關聯詞的種類:

    (1)從屬連詞that.如:

    The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。

    (2)從屬連詞whether,as,as if.如:

    He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。

    The question is whether they will be able to help us.問題是他們是否能幫我們。

    注:從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句,但as if卻可引導表語從句,如:

    All this was over twenty years ago,but its as if it was only yesterday.

    這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。

    能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be,seem,look等。如:

    It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。

    (3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

    連接副詞 where,when,how,why.

    如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。

    The question is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。

    That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。

    解釋:

    1.連詞because可引導表語從句。如:

    I think it is because you are doing too much.我想這是因為你做得太多。

    2.在一些表示建議、勸說、命令的名詞后面的表語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示,should可省略。如:

    My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發。

    2)主語從句

    1.定義:用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。

    2.構成:關聯詞+簡單句

    3.引導主語從句的關聯詞有三類:

    (1)從屬連詞that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

    很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。

    (2)從屬連詞whether.如:

    Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否會來這里還不清楚。

    (3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

    連接副詞 where,when,how,why.如:

    What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

    How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發生的,誰也不清楚。

    Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰來都歡迎。

    Wherever you are is my home my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家我唯一的家。

    解釋:

    1.主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有:

    A.It+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that從句。如:

    It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。

    It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。

    B.It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that從句。如:

    Its a pity that we cant go.很遺憾我們不能去。

    Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。

    C.It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that從句。如:

    It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據說格林先生已經到了北京。

    It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

    據報道中國又成功地發射了一顆人造地球衛星。

    D.It+seem,happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如:

    It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不來參加晚會。

    It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

    E.It+doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如:

    It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.她是否來這無關緊要。

    It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們在哪里開會毫無區別。

    F.當that引導的主語從句出現在疑問句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:

    Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?

    Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?

    G.當主語從句出現在感嘆句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:

    How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!

    2.注意連接代詞whoever,whatever,whichever等引導主語從句的含義。

    Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)來的人將受到歡迎。

    Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正確的。

    Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你們當中不論哪個進來將會得到獎

    3)賓語從句

    1.定義:用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。

    2.構成:關聯詞+簡單句。

    3.引導賓語從句的關聯詞有三類:

    (1)從屬連詞that.如:

    He told us that he felt ill.他對我們說他感到不舒服。

    I know he has returned.我知道他已經回來了。

    注: that在引導賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,that不能省略。

    1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個賓語從句,that賓語從句放在and的后面時,that不能省略。)

    大家都會看出所發生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

    2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時,that不能省略。)

    對他我一無所知,只知道他是南方人。

    3.That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.(that從句位于句首時,that不可省略。)

    我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。

    4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入語,that不可省略。)

    鑒于他的特殊情況,我們決定應允他一段試用期。

    (2)從屬連詞if/whether.如:

    I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會成功。

    I don

  t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。

    (3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever

    連接副詞 where,when,how,why.

    如:

    Who or what he was,Martin never learned.

    他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。

    I wonder what hes writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。

    Ill tell you why I asked you to come.我會告訴你我為什么要你來。

    You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

    (1)介詞賓語從句

    賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如:

    He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.

    他對那天發生的事感到很不快。

    I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。

    I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說什么。

    Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

    你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。

    有時介詞可以省略。如:

    I dont care (for)who marries him.我不管誰跟他結婚。

    Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。

    解釋:

    1.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置。如:

    We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

    我們認為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。

    He has made it clear that he will not give in.

    他已表明他不會屈服。

    2.作介詞的賓語:連詞that引導的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導,則需用it先行一步,作形式賓語。如:

    He is a good student except that he is careless.

    他是一個好學生,只是有點粗心。

    You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我會幫助你的。

    介詞賓語不可以用which來引導,而要用what來引導。如:

    Are you sorry for what youve done?

    你為你所做的一切感到內疚嗎?

    3.某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句,這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,連詞that可省略。如:

    I am not sure what I ought to do.

    我不能確定我該做什么。

    Im afraid you dont understand what I said.

    恐怕你沒領會我說的意思。

    Im surprised that I didnt see all that before.

    我好奇怪,我以前沒看到過。

    Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

    媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。

    4.連詞whether (or not)或if引導的賓語從句

    if和whether引導的賓語從句可以互換使用,但whether常和or not連用,if一般不與or not連用。如:

    I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

    用if引導賓語從句如果會引起歧義,應避免使用if而用wheter.試比較:

    Please let me know if you want to go.

    Please let me know whether you want to go.

    if從句可理解為賓語從句,意為請告訴我你是否想去;此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為如果你想去的話,請告訴我一聲。

    5.賓語從句的否定轉移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞后的賓語從句,有時謂語盡管是否定意思,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動詞變為否定形式。如:

    I dont think you are right.我認為你錯了。

    I dont believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。

    I dont suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是嗎?

    6.賓語從句的時態變化規律:

    (1)當主句是一般現在時態時,從句可根據需要用任何時態。

    (2)當主句是一般過去時態時,從句只能使用過去范圍內的任何時態。但客觀真理除外。如:

    The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

    老師說地球繞著太陽運行。

    4)同位語從句

    1.定義:用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。

    2.用法:同位語從句的先行詞多為fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,關聯詞多用從屬連詞that.如:

    They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

    對你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。

    Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

    你在哪兒聽說我不能來?

    Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

    德國已對俄國宣戰的消息一大早就傳來了。

    注:同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導。如:

    I have no idea whether hell come or not.我不知道他是否來。

    連接代詞who,which,what和連接副詞where,when,why,how亦可引導同位語從句。

    The question who should do the work requires consideration.

    誰該干這項工作,這個問題需要考慮。

    We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

    到哪兒去度暑假,這個問題我們還沒有決定。

    It is a question how he did it.

    那是一個他如何做了此事的問題。

    解釋:

    1.that引導的同位語從句與定語從句之區別

    that引導的同位語從句

    that引導的定語從句

    句法功能上

    that只起連接從句的作用,無意義。在從句中不充當句子成分。不可省。

    that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用,還充當一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。

    意義上

    從句是被修飾名詞的內容。

    從句起限定作用,是定語

    如:The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位語從句,that不可省。)

    李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。

    The news (that)he told me yesterday is true.(定語從句,that在從句中作told的賓語,可省。)

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