透析中考英語形容詞考點
形容詞、副詞命題趨勢
形容詞是用來修飾名詞的詞表示名詞的屬性,副詞和形容詞一樣,在句中起修飾作用,所不同的是:形容詞主要修飾名詞;而副詞主要修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和句子等。對形容詞、副詞的考查是高考一項重要考查內容,考查的方向主要體現在以下幾個方面:
1. 形容詞的用法;
2. 副詞的用法;
3. 形容詞和副詞原級、比較級、最高級的用法;
4. 形容詞和副詞在句中的區別和位置。
考點詮釋
一、考查形容詞的作用與位置
形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質或特征。常放在被修飾的名詞前作定語,放在系動詞后作表語,或放在賓語之后作賓語補足語。
1.多個形容詞作定語時的排列順序
考例--Yeah, too _______work makes me tired. [太原市]
A. little B. many C. much
[答案]C。[解析]本題重在考查幾個形容詞的用法。little有小的或幾乎沒有等意思。many與much都有多的意思,但many修飾可數名詞復數,much修飾不可數名詞。空格后的名詞work是不可數名詞,故應選C。
2.形容詞用作定語,修飾不定代詞時,通常后置。
The idea of sunshine sport makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. [哈爾濱市]
A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant
[答案]B。[解析]考查形容詞和不定代詞的位置關系。從句子意思可知應填anything pleasant表任何高興的事。A結構不對,C表否定。
3.表語形容詞(well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定語,需要后置;有些表示身體健康狀況的形容詞,如well,faint,m只作表語;sick既可作表語又可作定語。
考例Carl felt _______because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. [安徽省]
A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried
[答案]B 。[解析]考查形容詞詞義。根據句意獲獎是值得高興、自豪的事情,應選proud。
I feel ________to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. [太原市]
A. luckily B. happy C. sorry
[答案]B。[解析]本題重在考查系動詞的用法。系動詞feel覺得其后可接形容詞作表語,A項為副詞,故排除;B、C雖然都是形容詞,但意義相反,根據后句推斷選B。
Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest____ writers.He is still__________.[鎮江]
A.1iving;alive B.1iving;1iving C.alive;living D.alive;alive
答案:A解析:alive作表語或后置定語,指有生命的,活的,還出著氣的;living指健在的,現行的,現代的,可作表語,也可作定語。句意為金庸是最偉大的健在的老作家之一,他仍然活著,故選A。
4.用作補足語。
考例Li Leis words made her_________..[濟南]
A.happily B.angrily C.crying D.angry
答案:D解析:本題考查make后跟形容詞作賓語補足語的用法。選項中只有angry為形容詞,故選D。
5.形容詞之間詞義的區別
考例Nothing in the world is ________if you put your heart into it. [昆明]
A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary
[答案]A。[解析]考查幾個重要的形容詞的含義。這是一個含有條件狀語從句的復合句,后句給出的條件是如果你把你的整個心思放進去,那么可以很容易判斷在世界上沒有什么是不可能的,其余三項重要的、有趣的、必須的都與句子意思不符。
---Would you like to go and see a film?
--Sure; the TV programmes are too____________.[南京]
A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring
[答案]D。[解析]考查形容詞。根據語境應選boring意為枯燥的。
-Why are you so____?
-Because our ping-pong player Wang Liqin has won the world championship.[福州]
A.excited B.exciting C.bored D.boring
答案:A解析:由題意我們的乒乓球運動員王勵勤獲勝,故選A或B。exciting令人興奮的,往往修飾物/事;excited指人興奮,故選A。
二、考查副詞的作用與位置
1.副詞則用來修飾形容詞、動詞、副詞或句子,一般位于形容詞之前,動詞之后或句子之首。
The suitcase(手提箱)was __heavy for me to carry,so I pulled it up the stairs and into my flat.[沈陽]
A. quite B so C very D.too
[答案]D。[解析]考查 tooto句型。tooto太而不能,這個手提箱太重了,提不動,所以 。
We all love Miss Yang.She always makes her history class very_________.[ 重慶]
A.interest B.interests C.interesting D.interested
答案:C解析:very是副詞,后要跟形容詞,該形容詞修飾事物history class,故用interesting;如果修飾人用interested。故選C。
2.enough作副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時,必須后置。
考例-What do you think of the lecture(演講)of Li Yangs Crazy English?
-I think its____,but someone thinks its much too________.[安徽蕪湖]
A.wonderful enough;bored B.enough wonderful;boring
C.wonderful enough;boring D.enough wonderful;bored
C解析:enough修飾形容詞時要后置,故排除B、D,而形容物時要用一ing形式的形容詞,形容人時用一ed形式的形容詞,故選C。
3. 副詞之間的詞義區別
考例Its too late to go out now and______, its starting to rain.[杭州]
A. though B. besides C. however D. instead
解析:答案為B。題干前半句說現在時間太晚了不能出去了,后面有說天開始下雨了,這兩者是什么關系呢?不能出去的原因有兩個,時間太晚不出去不方便,天在下雨就更不好出去了,因此兩者應該是并列或遞進關系。選項B的besides意為此外,而且,符合題意故為正確選項。
三、對形容詞和副詞的比較等級的考查
1.原級的用法。
表示雙方在程度、性質、特征等某方面相等時,用as+原級形容詞/副詞+as的結構;表示雙方不相等時,用not so(as)+原級形容詞/副詞+as的結構;表示一方是另一方的若干倍時,用倍數+as+原級形容詞/副詞+as的結構。
考例John is much shorter than his sister,but he jumps ___________she does.[連云港]
A.as good as B as best as C.as high as D.as higher as
[答案]C。[解析]用as...as作比較時,應使用形容詞或副詞的原級,據此可將B與D項排除。good是形容詞,不能用作狀語修飾謂語動詞,所以C項正確。
Dont just believe the advertisement.That kind of camera is ______it says. [ 湖北]
A.as good as B.not as good as C.as well as D.not as well as
答案:B解析:上句為不要僅僅相信廣告,下句應為這種相機沒有它說的好。不如用not as+ adj./adv. + as,句中有is,故用形容詞。故選B。
2.比較級的用法。
⑴.表示一方超過另一方時,用比較級+than的結構表示。
考例--Which coat is ____on me,the blue one or the black one?
一The blue one.[北京市]
A good B better C.best D.the best
[答案]B。[解析] 考查比較級,根據句意:哪個大衣我穿著更好看,是藍色的,還是黑色的?兩者比較用比較級,故選B。
--I think Shanghai food is ____Sichuan food.
--I dont agree.I like Sichuan food better.[沈陽市]
A. better than B so good as C more than D as well as
[答案]A 。[解析]is是系動詞,后面不能用as well as(因為well作adv:),所以排除D。not soas表不及,用在否定句中故也被排除。more than不合句意,所以選A。
一What does your cousin look like now?
--0h, he is much ____than before.[福州市]
A. strong B stronger C strongest D.too strong
[答案]B。[解析]本題考查形容詞的比較級。than是比較級的標志,它表示兩者作比較,應使用形容詞strong的比較級stronger,故選B項。
Lets go by plane, Its __________than by train. [吉林省]
A. faster B. fastest C. slower D. slowest
[答案]A 。[解析]由關鍵詞than可知用比較級,所以排除了B、D。再由常識:飛機的速度快于火車,故選A。
⑵.表示一方不及另一方時,用less+原級+than的結構表示。
考例The doctor told Mary to eat _______ vegetables and __________meat because she was getting fatter and fatter. [廣東省]
A. much; little B. more; less C. many; few D. more; fewer
[答案]B。[解析] 考查few與little的區別。本題由句意入手,醫生叫瑪麗多吃蔬菜,少吃肉,因為她正變得越來越胖。由后邊的原因狀語從句來看主句中也應為比較級,排除A、C選項,vegetable為可數名詞,用many的比較級more修飾,meat為不可數名詞,用little的比較級less修飾,故本題選B。
[威海]
一Hi,Tom.Is your brother as active as you?
一No,hes a quiet boy.He is____________.
A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I
C.more active than I D.as outgoing as I
31.答案:A解析:根據前句他是一個安靜的男孩,也就是不如我活潑,故只有A符合句意。
3.一方在程度或數量上超過另一方時,可在比較級前加程度副詞even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等來修飾。
【考例】--You speak English much ________than before.
--Thank you. [陜西省]
A. well B. better C. best D. good
[答案]B。[解析] 句中有表示比較的連詞than,所以所填部分必定是比較級,而選項中只有better是比較級。
--Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more _________?
--Sorry! I thought you could follow me. [安徽省]
A. quietly B. quickly C. slowly D. politely
[答案]C。[解析]此題考查比較級。由答語可知對方要求說得稍慢一些,而slowly的比較級是more slowly,其他幾項不符合要求。
4.用more and more 的結構,表示越越
考例The number of giant pandas is getting ______ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. (年江蘇鹽城)
A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer
解析答案為C。句意為大熊貓的數量越來越少因為他們的生存空間正逐漸變成農場。本題中四個選項都是比較級+ and + 比較級的結構,表示越來越。主語為number,只能和large或small搭配。而結合句意可判斷答案為C。
5. 用the+比較級+句子其它成分,the+比較級+句子其它成分表示越越
考例一Hi, Andrew.How can you improve your English so much?
--Oh,nothing difficult.The __you work at it,the __progress you will make.[黃岡市]
A. harder;more B more hardly;more C.hardier;greater D.harder;great
[答案]A。[解析] 考查比較級的用法。the+比較級,the+比較級表示越越,如:the more,the better越多越好。
--As middle school students, we should study hard for the future.- ww.zk53u.ecom
--I think so. _________we study now, _________future well have. [哈爾濱市]
A. The hard; the good B. The harder; the better C. The hardest; the best
[答案]B。[解析] 根據題意可知要選比較級,the+比較級,the+比較級;表示越,越。依據句意:現在學習越努力,將來會越好。
四、最高級的用法。
1.三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度時,形容詞最高級用the+最高級結構表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。
--Who is ____running star in your college?
--I think Philip is.[長春]
A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.1ess famous
答案:C解析:由in your college在你們大學里限定范圍,使用最高級,故選C。
Of all the sports shoes , John bought _________ pair. Then he had some money for socks. [成都市]
A. a cheaper B. the most wonderful C. the least expensive
[答案]C。[解析] 考查形容詞比較級。根據句意可知,one of+(最高級)+名詞復數,故排除A,再看句意,因此他留下一些錢買襪子故選C。
--What do you like____,tea,coffee or milk?
--Tea, of course. [浙江]
A.better B.good C.well D.best
答案:D解析:本題考查副詞最高級的用法。從三者中選擇一者,構成了最高級的用法,故選D。
2.形容詞最高級可被序數詞以及much.By far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really。nothing like等詞語所修飾。
考例
3.作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。
考例-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
一Yes.Ive never been to ____one before.[蘇州]
A.a more exciting B.the most excited C.a more excited D.the most exciting
答案:A解析:由句意我以前從未參加過比這個更令人興奮的晚會可知,此處要用比較級,故排除B、D兩項。修飾物時要用一ing形式的形容詞,故選A。
4.形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。
Welcome to our hotel.Its ____in the city.[北京]
A.good B.better C.best D.the best
答案:D解析:由in the city這一范圍確定要用最高級,且最高級前要使用冠詞the,故選D。
English is one of ____important subjects in our school.[ 濟南]
A.most B.the most C.more D.much more
答案:B解析:本題考查形容詞最高級的用法,根據范圍in our school可判斷用最高級,故選B。
--I am getting ___each month. I cant put on my jeans.
--Im afraid you have to take exercise every day. [河南省]
A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest
Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework_________.[南京市]
A. more carefully B. more carelessly C. more careful D. more careless