雅思聽力材料：偉大的作曲家-貝多芬
簡介：
貝多芬，祖籍佛蘭德的德國作曲家，其祖父與父親均供職于科隆選帝侯。父親從小就逼迫他學琴，望子成為莫扎特式的神童。 貝多芬13歲任宮廷樂隊大鍵琴手，14歲任宮廷第二管風琴師，18歲任歌劇樂隊的中提琴手。179O年，海頓見到貝多芬，獲準他成為其學生，此后自 1792年起終生定居維也納。1787年，因母病危而中斷學習，1795年首次在維也納以作曲家及鋼琴家身份登臺。貝多芬1782年在曼海姆出版了處女 作，為鋼琴而作的《以德雷斯勒的進行曲為主題的6首變奏曲》。1802年，他意識到耳聾已無法醫治，寫下了《海利根斯塔特遺囑》，同時卻創作出了極明朗的 《D大調第二交響曲》，并建立了成為偉大作曲家的信心。貝多芬盡管不斷與一些富有的女學生相愛，但屢遭打擊，一生沒結過婚，一直與孤獨在作斗爭。他的創作 可分成3個階段，前期還能看到海頓、莫扎特的影響，追求一種和諧、優雅的情調，其代表作如第一、第二交響曲;第一、第二鋼琴協奏曲及一些早期的奏鳴曲、室 內樂。中期作品開始體現強烈的個性，在作品中強調戲劇性，強調個性的張揚，強調沖突和精神的升華。貝多芬的中期是他的創作巔峰期，其實從創作鋼琴奏鳴曲 《悲愴》起已接近中期，從《第三英雄交響曲》起至創作《第八交響曲》止，這個中期是貝多芬創作的夏天，6首交響曲、小提琴協奏曲和第三、四、五鋼 琴協奏曲、《拉茲莫夫斯基四重奏》、《月光》、《華德斯坦》、《克萊采》等奏鳴曲，達到了浪漫主義表現的極端。而晚期作品，則更多地追求內心沖突與這種沖 突的升華，更多地是內省。《第九交響曲》和《莊嚴彌撒》可以看作是通向晚期的門口，而真正代表晚期創作狀態的是最后的6首弦樂四重奏和3首鋼琴奏鳴曲。
貝多芬的偉大在于他開創了音樂上的浪漫主義，他的早期作品一方面是古典的，一方面是浪漫的，他開啟了音樂從古典主義走向浪漫主義的大門，從而拓展了音樂的結構與表現力。
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. He also composed other chamber music, choral works , and songs.
Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven displayed his musical talents at an early age and was taught by his father Johann van Beethoven and Christian Gottlob Neefe. During his first 22 years in Bonn, Beethoven intended to study with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and befriended Joseph Haydn. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792 and began studying with Haydn, quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. He lived in Vienna until his death. About 1800 his hearing began to deteriorate, and by the last decade of his life he was almost totally deaf. He gave up conducting and performing in public but continued to compose; many of his most admired works come from this period.
簡介：
貝多芬，祖籍佛蘭德的德國作曲家，其祖父與父親均供職于科隆選帝侯。父親從小就逼迫他學琴，望子成為莫扎特式的神童。 貝多芬13歲任宮廷樂隊大鍵琴手，14歲任宮廷第二管風琴師，18歲任歌劇樂隊的中提琴手。179O年，海頓見到貝多芬，獲準他成為其學生，此后自 1792年起終生定居維也納。1787年，因母病危而中斷學習，1795年首次在維也納以作曲家及鋼琴家身份登臺。貝多芬1782年在曼海姆出版了處女 作，為鋼琴而作的《以德雷斯勒的進行曲為主題的6首變奏曲》。1802年，他意識到耳聾已無法醫治，寫下了《海利根斯塔特遺囑》，同時卻創作出了極明朗的 《D大調第二交響曲》，并建立了成為偉大作曲家的信心。貝多芬盡管不斷與一些富有的女學生相愛，但屢遭打擊，一生沒結過婚，一直與孤獨在作斗爭。他的創作 可分成3個階段，前期還能看到海頓、莫扎特的影響，追求一種和諧、優雅的情調，其代表作如第一、第二交響曲;第一、第二鋼琴協奏曲及一些早期的奏鳴曲、室 內樂。中期作品開始體現強烈的個性，在作品中強調戲劇性，強調個性的張揚，強調沖突和精神的升華。貝多芬的中期是他的創作巔峰期，其實從創作鋼琴奏鳴曲 《悲愴》起已接近中期，從《第三英雄交響曲》起至創作《第八交響曲》止，這個中期是貝多芬創作的夏天，6首交響曲、小提琴協奏曲和第三、四、五鋼 琴協奏曲、《拉茲莫夫斯基四重奏》、《月光》、《華德斯坦》、《克萊采》等奏鳴曲，達到了浪漫主義表現的極端。而晚期作品，則更多地追求內心沖突與這種沖 突的升華，更多地是內省。《第九交響曲》和《莊嚴彌撒》可以看作是通向晚期的門口，而真正代表晚期創作狀態的是最后的6首弦樂四重奏和3首鋼琴奏鳴曲。
貝多芬的偉大在于他開創了音樂上的浪漫主義，他的早期作品一方面是古典的，一方面是浪漫的，他開啟了音樂從古典主義走向浪漫主義的大門，從而拓展了音樂的結構與表現力。
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best known compositions include 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets. He also composed other chamber music, choral works , and songs.
Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven displayed his musical talents at an early age and was taught by his father Johann van Beethoven and Christian Gottlob Neefe. During his first 22 years in Bonn, Beethoven intended to study with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and befriended Joseph Haydn. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792 and began studying with Haydn, quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. He lived in Vienna until his death. About 1800 his hearing began to deteriorate, and by the last decade of his life he was almost totally deaf. He gave up conducting and performing in public but continued to compose; many of his most admired works come from this period.
