第2部分 閱讀理解 專題18

　　推理判斷 目 錄

　　600分考點

　　真題例解 Passage 1 Passage 2

　　700分考法

　　完美應對 題型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查隱含意義的推斷 考法2

　　考查作者態度、觀點的推斷 考法3

　　考查寫作目的的推斷 考法4

　　考查文章出處的推斷 常用的解題方法 題型應考技巧

　　600分考點

　　真題例解 Passage 1 Passage 2 體裁：說明文

　　主題：法國的特色咖啡館

　　詞數：354

　　建議用時：8′

　　Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高談闊論)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think,’‘Think me’.”

　　A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.

　　由該句可看出，利安娜鼓勵來咖啡店的顧客表達自己的真實感受。

　　“I think”與“Think me”呼應本段第三句，強調利安娜的主題咖啡館的交流方式。 句中破折號后的內容點明了主題咖啡館在法國出現的背景：法國現代生活方式的改變，即更長的工作時間、快餐業的興起和年輕人喜歡花更多的時間呆在家里等導致了人們不經常去咖啡館，因此，需要有新的主題咖啡館出現來改變這種情況。 Passage

　　1 語篇線索 ［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·D］

　　The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.

　　最后一段第一句是本段的主題句：“心理咖啡館”會給需要的人巨大的安慰，因而成為最受歡迎的地方之一。 語篇線索

　　1.What are people encouraged to do at

　　the cafe La Chope?

　　A.Learn a new subject.

　　B.Keep in touch with friends.

　　C.Show off their knowledge.

　　D.Express their true feelings. 2.How are cafes affected by French

　　lifestyle changes?

　　A.They are less frequently visited.

　　B.They stay open for longer hours.

　　C.They have bigger night crowds.

　　D.They start to serve fast food. 【語篇導讀】本文主要講述了“精神咖啡館”在法國的社會意義和特色功能。

　　1.D【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. 可知，喬普咖啡館鼓勵人們表達他們真正的情感。故選D項。

　　2.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段第四句Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. 可知，多年來，巴黎的咖啡館成了法國人生活方式改變的受害者，例如工作時間變長、快餐業的興起以及年輕人渴望花更多的時間呆在家里。這些生活方式的改變都導致了人們不經常去咖啡館，故選A項。

　　3.What are theme cafes expected to do?

　　A.Create more jobs.

　　B.Supply better drinks.

　　C.Save the cafe business.

　　D.Serve the neighborhood.

　　4.Why are psychology cafes becoming

　　popular in Paris?

　　A.They bring people true friendship.

　　B.They give people spiritual support.

　　C.They help people realize their dreams.

　　D.They offer a platform for business links. 3.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段第五句Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. 可知，很多新主題咖啡館的出現似乎改變了現狀，也就是拯救了咖啡館行業，故選C項。

　　4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段第一句The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. 可知，“心理咖啡館”在巴黎成為最受歡迎的地方之一，是因為它們給予人們很大的安慰，即給予了人們精神上的支持，故選B項。 體裁：議論文

　　主題：生活態度

　　詞數：330

　　建議用時：5′

　　A typical lion tamer (馴獸師) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

　　How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?

　　第一段的事例通常作鋪墊引出話題。因此，要注意作者的寫作意圖。

　　第二段提出了文章的主旨，人類和獅子面對多種選擇時反應是一樣的，由此提出問題引發讀者思考。 Passage

　　2 語篇線索 ［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·C］

　　This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.

　　It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become… take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.

　　第三段提出了作者和大家的困惑，并作為下文的銜接過渡。由本段第一句中的confused，conflicting information等關鍵詞可以看出，作者對專家持懷疑態度。 最后一段點題，歸納總結，提出了解決方法。由第二句和第五句可推斷，作者建議人們面臨多種選擇時要快速作出決定。 語篇線索

　　1.Why does the lion tamer use a

　　chair?

　　A.To trick the lion.

　　B.To show off his skills.

　　C.To get ready for a fight.

　　D.To entertain the audience. 2.In what sense are people similar to a

　　lion facing a chair?

　　A.They feel puzzled over choices.

　　B.They hold on to the wrong things.

　　C.They find it hard to make changes.

　　D.They have to do something for

　　show. 【語篇導讀】本文是一篇議論文。面對眾多選擇的時候，我們是迷茫徘徊不前，還是集中關注我們想要做的事情并且果斷開始行動呢？成功人士的經驗告訴我們，只要有了清晰的目標，就要馬上開始行動。

　　1.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段第二句和第三句可知，鞭子只是為了表演，而真正起作用的是椅子。是椅子的四條腿讓獅子感到困惑，從而選擇靜止不動，無法去襲擊馴獸師。故選A項。

　　2.A【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段第二句可知，人類在面臨眾多選擇的時候，也常常會感到困惑。這和上文提到的獅子面臨的情況相似。故選A項。

　　3.What is the author’s attitude

　　toward the experts mentioned in

　　Paragraph 3?

　　A.Tolerant.

　　B.Doubtful.

　　C.Respectful.

　　D.Supportive. 4.When the world is “waving a chair

　　in your face”, you’re advised

　　to______.

　　A.wait for a better chance

　　B.break your old habits

　　C.make a quick decision

　　D.ask for clear guidance 3.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段第一句可知，所有的專家都在忙于討論哪種選擇最好，但是那些想改善生活的人還是對那些互相矛盾的信息感到困惑。這也正是“我”一直為此而煩惱的原因。由此可以推斷，作者對那些專家持懷疑的態度。故選B項。

　　4.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段第二句和第五句可知，當你面對生活向你拋出的眾多選擇時，最好的做法就是立刻作出決定，馬上采取行動。故選C項。

　　700分考法

　　完美應對 題型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查隱含意義的推斷 考法2

　　考查作者態度、觀點的推斷 考法3

　　考查寫作目的的推斷 考法4

　　考查文章出處的推斷 考法1

　　考查隱含意義的推斷 例 ［天津2024·C ］ 【解析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中… she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可知，作者后來成了一名成功的作家。故選A項。

　　A 49. What can be inferred from the

　　last paragraph?

　　A.The author has become a

　　successful writer.

　　B.The author’s mother read the

　　same book.

　　C.The author’s mother

　　rewarded him with books.

　　D.The author has had happy

　　summers ever since. 考法2

　　考查作者態度、觀點的推斷 例 ［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·C］ 【解析】推理判斷題——推測作者的態度。根據本段第一句可知，所有的專家都在忙于討論哪種選擇最好，但是那些想改善生活的人還是對那些相互矛盾的信息感到困惑，這也正是“我”一直為此煩惱的原因。由此可推斷，作者對那些專家持懷疑態度。故選B項。

　　B 30.What is the author’s attitude

　　toward the experts mentioned in

　　Paragraph 3?

　　A.Tolerant.

　　B.Doubtful.

　　C.Respectful.

　　D.Supportive. 考法3

　　考查寫作目的的推斷 考法3

　　考查寫作目的的推斷 例 ［遼寧2024·A］ 【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段和最后一段可知,本文作者的寫作目的是強調用筆做筆記的益處。故選B項。

　　B 23.The author of the passage aims to____.

　　A. examine the importance of long-term

　　memory

　　B. stress the benefit of taking notes by

　　hand

　　C. explain the process of taking notes

　　D. promote the use of laptops

　　B 考法4

　　考查文章出處的推斷 例 ［ 2024遼寧·A ］ 【解析】推理判斷題。文章介紹的是一項實驗研究，屬于科普類文章，由此可推斷出文章應出自科學雜志。故選C項。

　　C 24.The passage is likely to

　　appear in______.

　　A. a newspaper advertisement

　　B. a computer textbook

　　C. a science magazine

　　D. a finance report 題型應考技巧 常用的解題方法 常用的解題方法 方法1 抓住特定信息進行逆向或正向推理 常用的解題方法 方法2 整合全文(段)信息進行推斷 常用的解題方法 方法3 根據文章的結論推斷作者的態度及意圖 常用的解題方法 常用的解題方法 常用的解題方法 方法4 根據上下文的邏輯得出結論 常用的解題方法 方法5 結合已有的知識進行推斷

　　第2部分 閱讀理解 專題18

　　推理判斷 目 錄

　　600分考點

　　真題例解 Passage 1 Passage 2

　　700分考法

　　完美應對 題型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查隱含意義的推斷 考法2

　　考查作者態度、觀點的推斷 考法3

　　考查寫作目的的推斷 考法4

　　考查文章出處的推斷 常用的解題方法 題型應考技巧

　　600分考點

　　真題例解 Passage 1 Passage 2 體裁：說明文

　　主題：法國的特色咖啡館

　　詞數：354

　　建議用時：8′

　　Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高談闊論)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think,’‘Think me’.”

　　A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.

　　由該句可看出，利安娜鼓勵來咖啡店的顧客表達自己的真實感受。

　　“I think”與“Think me”呼應本段第三句，強調利安娜的主題咖啡館的交流方式。 句中破折號后的內容點明了主題咖啡館在法國出現的背景：法國現代生活方式的改變，即更長的工作時間、快餐業的興起和年輕人喜歡花更多的時間呆在家里等導致了人們不經常去咖啡館，因此，需要有新的主題咖啡館出現來改變這種情況。 Passage

　　1 語篇線索 ［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·D］

　　The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.

　　最后一段第一句是本段的主題句：“心理咖啡館”會給需要的人巨大的安慰，因而成為最受歡迎的地方之一。 語篇線索

　　1.What are people encouraged to do at

　　the cafe La Chope?

　　A.Learn a new subject.

　　B.Keep in touch with friends.

　　C.Show off their knowledge.

　　D.Express their true feelings. 2.How are cafes affected by French

　　lifestyle changes?

　　A.They are less frequently visited.

　　B.They stay open for longer hours.

　　C.They have bigger night crowds.

　　D.They start to serve fast food. 【語篇導讀】本文主要講述了“精神咖啡館”在法國的社會意義和特色功能。

　　1.D【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. 可知，喬普咖啡館鼓勵人們表達他們真正的情感。故選D項。

　　2.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段第四句Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. 可知，多年來，巴黎的咖啡館成了法國人生活方式改變的受害者，例如工作時間變長、快餐業的興起以及年輕人渴望花更多的時間呆在家里。這些生活方式的改變都導致了人們不經常去咖啡館，故選A項。

　　3.What are theme cafes expected to do?

　　A.Create more jobs.

　　B.Supply better drinks.

　　C.Save the cafe business.

　　D.Serve the neighborhood.

　　4.Why are psychology cafes becoming

　　popular in Paris?

　　A.They bring people true friendship.

　　B.They give people spiritual support.

　　C.They help people realize their dreams.

　　D.They offer a platform for business links. 3.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段第五句Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. 可知，很多新主題咖啡館的出現似乎改變了現狀，也就是拯救了咖啡館行業，故選C項。

　　4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段第一句The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. 可知，“心理咖啡館”在巴黎成為最受歡迎的地方之一，是因為它們給予人們很大的安慰，即給予了人們精神上的支持，故選B項。 體裁：議論文

　　主題：生活態度

　　詞數：330

　　建議用時：5′

　　A typical lion tamer (馴獸師) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

　　How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?

　　第一段的事例通常作鋪墊引出話題。因此，要注意作者的寫作意圖。

　　第二段提出了文章的主旨，人類和獅子面對多種選擇時反應是一樣的，由此提出問題引發讀者思考。 Passage

　　2 語篇線索 ［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·C］

　　This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.

　　It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become… take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.

　　第三段提出了作者和大家的困惑，并作為下文的銜接過渡。由本段第一句中的confused，conflicting information等關鍵詞可以看出，作者對專家持懷疑態度。 最后一段點題，歸納總結，提出了解決方法。由第二句和第五句可推斷，作者建議人們面臨多種選擇時要快速作出決定。 語篇線索

　　1.Why does the lion tamer use a

　　chair?

　　A.To trick the lion.

　　B.To show off his skills.

　　C.To get ready for a fight.

　　D.To entertain the audience. 2.In what sense are people similar to a

　　lion facing a chair?

　　A.They feel puzzled over choices.

　　B.They hold on to the wrong things.

　　C.They find it hard to make changes.

　　D.They have to do something for

　　show. 【語篇導讀】本文是一篇議論文。面對眾多選擇的時候，我們是迷茫徘徊不前，還是集中關注我們想要做的事情并且果斷開始行動呢？成功人士的經驗告訴我們，只要有了清晰的目標，就要馬上開始行動。

　　1.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段第二句和第三句可知，鞭子只是為了表演，而真正起作用的是椅子。是椅子的四條腿讓獅子感到困惑，從而選擇靜止不動，無法去襲擊馴獸師。故選A項。

　　2.A【解析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段第二句可知，人類在面臨眾多選擇的時候，也常常會感到困惑。這和上文提到的獅子面臨的情況相似。故選A項。

　　3.What is the author’s attitude

　　toward the experts mentioned in

　　Paragraph 3?

　　A.Tolerant.

　　B.Doubtful.

　　C.Respectful.

　　D.Supportive. 4.When the world is “waving a chair

　　in your face”, you’re advised

　　to______.

　　A.wait for a better chance

　　B.break your old habits

　　C.make a quick decision

　　D.ask for clear guidance 3.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段第一句可知，所有的專家都在忙于討論哪種選擇最好，但是那些想改善生活的人還是對那些互相矛盾的信息感到困惑。這也正是“我”一直為此而煩惱的原因。由此可以推斷，作者對那些專家持懷疑的態度。故選B項。

　　4.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段第二句和第五句可知，當你面對生活向你拋出的眾多選擇時，最好的做法就是立刻作出決定，馬上采取行動。故選C項。

　　700分考法

　　完美應對 題型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查隱含意義的推斷 考法2

　　考查作者態度、觀點的推斷 考法3

　　考查寫作目的的推斷 考法4

　　考查文章出處的推斷 考法1

　　考查隱含意義的推斷 例 ［天津2024·C ］ 【解析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中… she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction.可知，作者后來成了一名成功的作家。故選A項。

　　A 49. What can be inferred from the

　　last paragraph?

　　A.The author has become a

　　successful writer.

　　B.The author’s mother read the

　　same book.

　　C.The author’s mother

　　rewarded him with books.

　　D.The author has had happy

　　summers ever since. 考法2

　　考查作者態度、觀點的推斷 例 ［課標全國Ⅰ 2024·C］ 【解析】推理判斷題——推測作者的態度。根據本段第一句可知，所有的專家都在忙于討論哪種選擇最好，但是那些想改善生活的人還是對那些相互矛盾的信息感到困惑，這也正是“我”一直為此煩惱的原因。由此可推斷，作者對那些專家持懷疑態度。故選B項。

　　B 30.What is the author’s attitude

　　toward the experts mentioned in

　　Paragraph 3?

　　A.Tolerant.

　　B.Doubtful.

　　C.Respectful.

　　D.Supportive. 考法3

　　考查寫作目的的推斷 考法3

　　考查寫作目的的推斷 例 ［遼寧2024·A］ 【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段和最后一段可知,本文作者的寫作目的是強調用筆做筆記的益處。故選B項。

　　B 23.The author of the passage aims to____.

　　A. examine the importance of long-term

　　memory

　　B. stress the benefit of taking notes by

　　hand

　　C. explain the process of taking notes

　　D. promote the use of laptops

　　B 考法4

　　考查文章出處的推斷 例 ［ 2024遼寧·A ］ 【解析】推理判斷題。文章介紹的是一項實驗研究，屬于科普類文章，由此可推斷出文章應出自科學雜志。故選C項。

　　C 24.The passage is likely to

　　appear in______.

　　A. a newspaper advertisement

　　B. a computer textbook

　　C. a science magazine

　　D. a finance report 題型應考技巧 常用的解題方法 常用的解題方法 方法1 抓住特定信息進行逆向或正向推理 常用的解題方法 方法2 整合全文(段)信息進行推斷 常用的解題方法 方法3 根據文章的結論推斷作者的態度及意圖 常用的解題方法 常用的解題方法 常用的解題方法 方法4 根據上下文的邏輯得出結論 常用的解題方法 方法5 結合已有的知識進行推斷