句型提煉： It is believed that…　人們認為…… 在該句型中，it 是形式主語，that引導的是真正的主語。類似的句型還有： It's said /known/thought/supposed/reported that… 此類句型也可轉化為“從句主語＋be＋過去分詞＋不定式”的形式，即： sb./sth.is said/known/thought/supposed/ reported/believed to do/to have done 【句型剖析】

　　It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. 普遍認為人的性格和態度決定人的行為。(2024重慶) 【舉一反三】 It作形式主語的用法： (1)It＋ be＋adj.(obvious, true, natural, good, etc.)＋that從句 (2)It＋ be＋名詞詞組(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)＋that從句 (3)It＋vi.(seem, happen, turn out, appear, etc.)＋主語從句 【即時鞏固】 完成句子 ①普遍認為原始人沒有基本的語言技能。 _______ _______ _______ _______ primitives lacked basic language skills. ②難怪你每天都精力充沛。 _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ you are energetic every day.

　　③結果證明我們的計算是錯誤的。 _______ _______ _______ _______ our calculations were incorrect. 【答案】①It is believed that　②It is no wonder that ③It turned out that

　　2．majority n．大多數；大半 【考點激活】 ①For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority _______(be) over the age of fifty. 例如，如果你看看古典音樂會上的聽眾，大部分人的年齡都在50歲以上。(2024安徽)

　　(1)a/the majority of…　大多數…… be in the/a majority　構成大部分/大多數 (2)minority　n. 少數 in the minority　占少數 (3)major　n. & v. 主修；專業 major in　主修……；以……為專業 【知識建構】

　　An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看來意見達成一致是不可能了，因為委員會的大多數成員都表示反對。 As far as I know, his brother majored in history at Stanford last year. 據我所知，他的弟弟去年在斯坦福主修歷史。

　　【易錯點津】 the/a majority of＋名詞，表示“大多數”，謂語動詞的數與of后面的名詞保持一致；the majority單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單復數均可；后接不可數名詞時，用單數謂語。 【即時鞏固】 語法填空 ②The majority of the customs__________ (keep) up till now. ③The majority of the damage __________(be) easy to repair. ④Now the number of students in the class ________(be) 50 and the majority of them ______(be) immigrants. 【答案】①is/are　②have been kept　③is　④is; are

　　3．occur vi.發生；出現 【考點激活】 ①Now __________ occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 現在他突然想到他的農場有很大的潛力，而且奶牛的死亡算是有點幸運。(2024廣東) (1)sth.occurs to sb.　某人突然想到某事 It occurs to sb.that…　某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb.to do sth.　某人突然想起做某事 (2)occurrence　n．發生；出現；(偶然)事件 【知識建構】

　　Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use. 和你奇妙的創新一起，你需要提交一份報告，解釋你是怎么想到這個點子的，你用的是什么材料。(2024遼寧)

　　【舉一反三】 表示“某人突然想到”的常用表達： sth.strikes sb. sth.comes to sb. It strikes /hits sb.that… sb.comes up with an idea/ a thought sb.hits on /strikes on an idea/a thought 【即時鞏固】 一句多譯 我突然想到我們可以和他們一起工作。 ②It _________ ________ me that we could team up with them. ③It _________ me that we could team up with them. 【答案】①it　 ②occurred to　③ struck/hit

　　4．apparently adv. 顯然地；顯而易見地 【考點激活】 ①___________,_she didn't like to be ignored. 很顯然，她不喜歡被人忽視。(2024四川) apparent adj. 顯然的，顯而易見的 It's apparent that…　顯然…… It is apparent to sb.that…　某人明白…… As is apparently shown/stated/indicated in the picture/chart /passage above…　如上面圖片/圖表/文字明顯展示/陳述/表明的那樣…… 【知識建構】

　　It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 從面容上一眼就可以看出她確實心緒煩亂。 【舉一反三】 下面單詞都有“顯然地”的意思： obviously，evidently, clearly，其形容詞均可適用上述句型，即： It's obvious/clear/evident that…

　　【即時鞏固】 完成句子 ②很顯然他沒有領會這篇文章的寫作目的。 ________ _______ _______ ________ he hasn't grasped the writing purpose of the article. ③正如上面圖表中明確顯示的那樣，很多人不遵守交通規則。

　　________ _______ _______ ________ in the diagram above, a good many don't obey traffic rules. 【答案】①Apparently　②It is apparent/obvious/clear/evident that　③As is apparently shown 1．make a life習慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生 【考點激活】 ①We make a living by what we get, but we make_____________ life by what we give. 我們靠所得來謀生，但靠給予來創造生活。 (1)start/make a new life　開始新生活 live/lead a…life　過著……生活 come to life　蘇醒；變得活躍 come back to life　蘇醒過來；恢復生氣 bring…back to life　使……蘇醒過來；給……活力 (2)make/earn a/one's living　謀生 【知識建構】

　　All these flowers come to life when the rains come. 下雨之后，所有花兒都恢復了生機． The doctor was able to bring her back to life. 醫生挽救了她的生命。

　　【即時鞏固】 完成句子 ②We settled in and____________________ (習慣新的生活方式) for ourselves. ③The majority of the people here _________________(謀生) by growing wheat nowadays.

　　④Apparently，they ______________ (現在過著幸福的生活)． 【答案】① a　②made a life　③make/earn a living ④are leading/living a happy life now 2．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留 【考點激活】 賞句猜義 ①Don't be taken_in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.(　) ②I found it hard to take_in what the teacher had said in class.(　) ③I managed to rent a big enough house to take_in a handful of people.(　)

　　④Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house.(　) take down　拿下；取下；拆卸；記下 take up　開始從事；占用(時間或空間)；著手處理 take off　脫下(衣服等)；起飛；突然大受歡迎

　　take apart　拆開 take it easy　別緊張；慢慢來 take one's time　不急；慢慢干

　　take over　繼承；接收；接管 take on　承擔；從事；呈現 【知識建構】

　　The new magazine has really taken off. 這份新雜志真是大受歡迎。 When Mr.Green retired, his son took over the business from him. 格林先生退休后，由他的兒子接管他的生意。 【即時鞏固】 用take短語的適當形式填空 ⑤He is said to_________________ playing football at the age of 7. ⑥He isn't reliable.Don't ____________________ by his promises. ⑦There is no need for you ________________ everything the teacher says in class.

　　⑧Don't ________________ more responsibilities than you can handle. 【答案】①欺騙　②理解　③收留　④吸收 ⑤have taken up　⑥be taken in　⑦to take down ⑧take on 1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.

　　然而， 美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亞州了。 句型提煉： It is likely that…　有可能…… 在該句型中，it 是形式主語，that是真正的主語。類似的句型還有： It is possible that…　有可能…… It is probable that…　有可能…… 【句型剖析】

　　According to Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author discussed his decision with his family. 根據第二段可知，很可能作者和他的家人討論過他的決定。(2024廣東) 【易錯點津】 在“sb.is likely to do…”這一句型中，不能用possible或 probable代替 likely。 Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. 然而， 65歲或者年齡更大的成年人更可能低估了對未來生活的滿意度。 【即時鞏固】 句型轉換 這家電腦公司有可能雇傭約翰。 It's likely that the computer firm will hire John. ＝John ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ by the computer firm. 【答案】is likely to be hired 2. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.　

　　人們認為， 要不了多久， 多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至于不可能存在明顯的主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。 Unit 1　A land of diversity 話題·歷史文化 (2024課標I) 假定你是李華，你校英文報“外國文化”欄目擬刊登美國節日風俗和中學生生活的短文。請給美國朋友彼得寫信約稿，要點如下： 1．欄目介紹； 2．稿件內容； 3．稿件長度：約400詞； 4．交稿日期：6月28日前。 【晨背范文】 Dear Peter， I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper. The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students.You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative.400 words would be fine.Could we have your article before June 28?

　　I'm looking forward to hearing from you. Yours， Li Hua ★話題詞匯 1．custom　n．習慣；習俗；風俗 2．convention　n．慣例；習俗 3．traditional　adj.傳統的；風俗的 4．attend a ceremony　出席儀式 5．in memory of　為了紀念 6．make it a rule to do sth.　使做某事成為規定

　　★話題佳句 1．The Mid-Autumn Day is a traditional festival of China, which is actually a day for family reunion. 中秋節是中國傳統的節日，實際上是家人團聚的日子。

　　2．Under no circumstance should we give up our beliefs. 無論在什么情況下，我們都不應放棄自己的信仰。 3．At midnight, we make it a rule to welcome the new year by setting off fireworks. 在午夜，我們通常放鞭炮來迎接新年。 Ⅰ.單詞速憶 1．_________ vt.意思是；打算；意味著n.手段； 方法 2．_________ vt.&n.租用； 雇用 3．________ vt.& n．抓住； 抓緊； 掌握； 領會 4．_________vi.滑動； 滑行； 滑跤 n．滑動； 滑倒 mean

　　hire

　　grasp

　　slip

　　5．_________ vt.&vi.改革； 革新n.改革； 改造； 改良 6．_________ vi.處于經濟迅速發展時期n.(人口、貿易的)繁榮 7．_________ n．橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道 8．_________ n．行李 9．_________ n．海關； 關稅； 進口稅 10．_________ n．苦難；困苦 reform

　　boom

　　crossing

　　luggage

　　customs

　　hardship 11．_________n．角；角度 12．_________vi.發生；出現→_________ (過去式) →_________ (過去分詞) 13．_________vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→_________ n．選舉 14．_________ vt.指出；標示；表明；暗示→_________n．跡象

　　15．_________ adj.感激的；感謝的→_________v．感謝 angle

　　occur

　　occurred

　　occurred

　　elect

　　election indicate

　　indication

　　thankful

　　thank

　　16．______________n．處罰；懲罰→_________ v．處罰；懲罰 17．_________ n．申請人→_________vi.申請→_____________ n．申請書 18．_________ n．大多數；大半→_________n．少數 19．___________n．百分比；百分率→_________ n．百分之幾 punishment punish applicant apply application majority minority percentage percent

　　20．_________adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→___________ adv.顯然地；顯而易見地 21．_________adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的→_________n．差別；區分；卓著 22．_________ adj.人種的；種族的→_________ n．種族；比賽 apparent

　　apparently

　　distinct

　　distinction

　　racial

　　race

　　Ⅱ.短語快譯

　　1．___________堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳統等) 2．__________ 包括；吸收；欺騙；理解 3．______________ 繼續存在；繼續生存 4．__________________ 習慣于新的生活方式、工作等 5．____________ 與……合作或一起工作 keep up

　　take in

　　live on

　　make a life

　　team up with

　　6．___________ 畫線；標出……界線 7．___________ 申請；請示得到 8．__________________ 用……辦法；借助…… 9．__________________ 許多；很多 10．__________________ 背靠背 mark out

　　apply for

　　by means of…

　　a great/good many

　　back to back

　　Ⅲ.句式仿寫 1．However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(It is likely that…很可能……) 仿寫：很可能這個申請人將與你一起在公司工作。 ______________________ the applicant will team up with you in the firm. 2．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(That's why…“那就是……的原因”) 仿寫：大部分市民都反對這項改革，那就是政府做出讓步的原因。 The majority of the citizens object to the reform.____________________ the government gives in.

　　3．People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.(過去分詞作原因狀語) 仿寫：我對這個職位很感興趣，于是上個月向公司申請得到它。 Much___________________ the position, I applied to the company for it last month. 4．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(It作形式主語的主語從句) 仿寫：人們相信沿襲風俗和傳統對一個國家的文化很重要。 _________ keeping up customs and traditions is of great significance to a country's culture.

　　【答案】1.It's likely that　2.That is why　3.interested in 4．It's believed that Ⅳ.單元語法 名詞性從句 用適當的關系詞填空 1．A computer can only do __________you have instructed it to do. 2．It is known __________ Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 3．The majority of the students are bored with his lessons and that is __________ he is upset. 4．I hate it__________ people talk with their mouths full. 5．__________ I want to know is why his nephew quarreled with the conductor. 【答案】1.whatever　2.that　3.why　4.that　5.What Ⅴ.教材活用 根據課文內容，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式 California is the third 1.__________ (large) state and the most multicultural state in the US.This is not 2.__________(surprise) when you know the history of California 3.__________ has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.No one really 4.__________(know) what time the first settlers arrived in 5.__________we now know as California. Scientists believe that the Native Americans reached Alaska 6.__________ means of a land bridge.In the 18th century, California was ruled by Spain.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men.In 1848, gold 7.__________(discover) in California and the dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.In fact, few achieved their dream, but most 8.__________ (remain) in California to make a life for themselves. In more recent decades, California 9.________ (become) home to people from Asia.It is believed that before long the mix of 10.__________(nation) will be so great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups.

　　【答案】1.largest　2.surprising　3.which　4.knows

　　5．what　6.by　7.was discovered　8.remained

　　9．has become　10.nationalities 1．means n．手段；方法 【考點激活】 ①This ________ that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. 這意味著當他們不知道一個單詞的時候，他們將要在大家面前犯錯誤。(2024浙江)

　　(1)by no means　決不；一點也不 by all means　盡一切辦法；一定 by means of　用；依靠；借助于 by this means　用這種方法 a means of communication　一種通訊/交流工具 (2)mean　v. 意思是；打算 mean to do sth.　打算做某事 mean doing sth.　意味著做某事 【知識建構】

　　As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. 作為群居動物，狼成群狩獵，并把嚎叫作為一種彼此交流的重要工具。 I had meant to help you, but I was too busy. 我本來打算幫助你的，但是我太忙了。

　　【易錯點津】 means 單復數同行。若用作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據句意來確定。前有every，each, one等修飾語時，謂語用單數；前有several, some, many, a few, all等修飾語時，謂語用復數。

　　【即時鞏固】 語法填空 ②All possible means_____________(try) so far. ③Every possible means _____________(try) so far.