5．________in ancient times people were used to working together. A．It says　

　　B．What says is that C．It thought thatD．It is said that 解析：　It is /was said that...意思是“據說……”。還可以表達為People say that...。 答案：　D Ⅲ.語法專練 本單元語法——v.-ing形式 1．(2011·湖南三十校聯考)Having got up late this morning，Mike ran as fast as he could________to catch the bus. A．hope　

　　B．to hope C．hoped　

　　D．hoping 解析：　考查非謂語動詞。該處要用現在分詞作伴隨狀語，to catch the bus才是真正的目的狀語。hoping這個動作在此與ran同時發生，表伴隨。 答案：　D 2．(2011·綿陽市第一次診斷)________the youth to the rising sun at 8 or 9 o’clock am，Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for the young men. A．ComparedB．To compare C．CompareD．Comparing 解析：　考查非謂語動詞。從句意和結構上可以看出compare與主語Mao Zedong是主動關系，因此應該使用現在分詞comparing。 答案：　D 3．(2011·石家莊檢測)The teacher called Tom to his office because he was caught________in the exam. A．to cheat　

　　B．cheating C．cheated　

　　D．cheat 解析：　考查非謂語動詞。catch sb.doing sth.意為“逮住/發現某人做某事”。句意為：老師讓湯姆到他辦公室，因為他在考試中被發現作弊。 答案：　B 4．(2011·海淀第二學期期中)The scientist was rewarded by the government for________such a great contribution to the country. A．make　

　　B．making C．being madeD．having made 解析：　考查非謂語動詞。在介詞for的后面要用動名詞形式，在獲獎前貢獻已經做出了，所以要用其完成式。語意為：這位科學家因為為國家做出了巨大的貢獻，得到了政府的獎勵。 答案：　D 練規范、練技能、練速度 7.What the teacher said in class made the students very________to go there to get a further education. A．apparentB．efficient C．punctualD．anxious 解析：　句意為：老師在課堂上所說的話讓學生們很渴望去那兒深造。anxious渴望的，急切的，符合句意。apparent顯然的，明白的，清晰可見的；efficient有能力的，效率高的；punctual嚴守時刻的，準時的。 答案：　D

　　burn to the ground全部焚毀 教材原句P34：Unfortunately，we cannot move their homes out of the way，and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.遺憾的是，我們不可能把他們的家搬離巖漿流過的地方，因此，許多房屋被熔巖淹沒，或者焚燒殆盡。 ①The building was burnt to the ground last night. 昨夜這座大樓被徹底焚毀了。 burn...to death燒死 burn up燒起來，旺起來；燒掉；燒毀 burn down把……燒毀，燒成平地；漸漸燒完，火力減弱 burn off燒掉某物，消耗掉 burn out燒光，燒完 burn oneself out精力耗盡

　　②The room grew colder as the fire burnt down. 隨著爐火逐漸減弱，房間越來越冷。 ③He put more wood on the fire to make it burn up. 他把更多的木柴都放進火爐來使它燃燒得更旺一些。 ④If he doesn’t stop working so hard，he’ll burn himself out. 如果他繼續這樣拼命地工作，他就會累垮的。

　　8.If the bottle of gas________fire，the whole building may______. A．will catch；be hurnt off B．catches；be burnt to the ground C．is on；burn down D．will be on；be burned to the ground 解析：　考查短語搭配。catch fire著火；burn to the ground全部焚毀。 答案：　B make one’s way前往；獲得成功 教材原句P35：It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre. 穿著這些衣服走起路來實在不容易，但我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。 ①The man hesitated，but made his way to the woods. 那個人猶豫了一下，但還是朝樹林走去。 ②Though it was raining hard，he made his way to school. 盡管雨下得很大，他還是朝學校趕去。 feel one’s way摸索著前行 fight/push one’s way推擠著前行 lose one’s way迷路 force one’s way out擠出去；沖出去 push one’s way in擠進去

　?、踂ithout experience on it，we have to feel our way. 由于在這方面沒有經驗，我們必須摸索著前進。 ④As we got into a forest，we lost our way. 進入森林后我們迷路了。 ⑤We fought our way through the forest. 我們穿過森林前進。

　　9.I kept silent in the backseat of the car as we made our________to grandma’s. A．decision　

　　B．way C．plan　

　　D．path 解析：　make one’s way to前往。 答案：　B

　　vary from...to...由……到……不等 教材原句P39：The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity

　　of

　　rare

　　plants

　　and

　　animals.這里地面的高度從海拔700米至2 000多米不等，是多種多樣稀有動植物的生長地。

　?、貽pinions on this matter vary from person to person. 對于這件事，人人意見不一。 ②As in China，the climate in Canada varies，depending on the area. 正如中國一樣，加拿大的氣候也因地而異。 ③The girls come from a variety of different background. 姑娘們的出身背景各異。 ④For various reasons，he didn’t attend the meeting. 因種種原因，他沒參加會議。

　　10.It is obvious that the hopes，goals，fears and desires________ widely between men and women，between the rich and the poor. A．change　

　　B．perform C．transfer　

　　D．vary 解析：　句意為：很明顯男人和女人，富人和窮人在希望、目標、恐懼和欲望方面有很大的不同。vary...between...and由……到……的情況不等。change改變；perform操作。 答案：　D

　　The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them. 另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 此處this being...是獨立主格結構。 獨立主格結構的構成方法： n．/pron.＋v.-ing/-ed/to do/n./adj./adv./prep.phrase。 其中名詞或代詞起著邏輯主語的作用；另一部分表示狀態、狀況或動作。 獨立主格結構本身不是句子，但在語義上相當于一個句子。在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。 ①The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向導領著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。 ②Weather permitting，we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天氣允許的話，我們將在明天組織一次海濱旅游。 ③He left the office，tears in eyes. 他眼里含著淚水離開了辦公室。 ④He walked into the classroom，his head lowered. 低著頭，他走進教室。 ⑤There being no one else to turn to，I had to come to see you. 我沒有其他可以求助的人，只能來找你。

　　11.(重慶高考)The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day. A．finishingB．finished C．had finishedD．were finished 解析：　本題考查名詞的獨立主格結構。名詞短語their lessons和動詞finish之間是被動完成關系，故用過去分詞finished。 答案：　B 12．(山東高考)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent________at the end of last March. A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launchedD．to be launched 解析：　句中沒有連接詞，故不能選作謂語動詞的A項；the most recent having been launched為獨立主格結構，由at the end of last March可知應選用表示動作完成的B項。 答案：　B 13．—Wow！It snowed last night.What a nice world! —You’re right.But it’s more difficult to find my missing keys with snow________the ground. A．covered　

　　B．cover C．to cover　

　　D．covering 解析：　本題考查with復合結構作賓補的非謂語動詞形式。snow和cover在邏輯上是主謂關系，因此此處用現在分詞。 答案：　D 14．The car burns more fuel，but________all things into consideration，it’s still a good car. A．taken　

　　B．having taken C．taking　

　　D．to take 解析：　獨立成分作狀語。注意有些分詞短語的形式是固定的，不受上下文影響，因此被稱為獨立成分。句意為：這輛汽車耗油量較大，但是綜合整體情況來看，它仍不失為一部好車。 答案：　C

　　15．The boys were happily making a snowman，________with cold. A．their faces red　

　　B．their faces were red C．their faces turned redD．their faces to be red 解析：　本題考查由“名詞＋形容詞”構成的獨立主格結構作伴隨狀語。 答案：　A It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for language and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.據說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。 it為形式主語，代替后面的that從句和不定式短語。 ①It is said that that strange old man is a great artist. ＝That strange old man is said to be a great artist. 據說那個怪老頭是一位藝術大師。 ②It is said that a new school has been built in our hometown. ＝A new school is said to have been built in our hometown. 據說我們家鄉已建起了一所新學校。 ③It is said that she is the best student in the class. ＝She is said to be the best student in the class. 據說她是班里最優秀的學生。 (1)It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 據信，至少有20座樓房遇到破壞或徹底被摧毀。 (2)It was reported that more than 180 people had been killed in the fire.據報道，那場大火燒死了180多人。 (3)It is hoped that the crops will grow better. 人們希望莊稼會長得更好些。 It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled. 人們希望這種可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。

　　16.(2009·全國卷Ⅱ)It is often________that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. A．said　

　　B．to say C．saying　

　　D．being said 解析：　句意為：經常聽人說人類天生有說話的能力。It is said that...為固定句式，意為“據說……”。 答案：　A Ⅰ.完成句子 1．I’m__________________(瀏覽) the reports about the economic crisis. 答案：　glancing through 2．We will meet with quantities of people，__________________the old ________(由……到……不等) the young. 答案：　varying from；to 3．The little girl __________________(據說獲得) the first in the English exam. 答案：　is said to have got 4．We were about to shout________(正要……就在這時) the teacher stopped us. 答案：　when 5．The temple__________________(被燒為平地)． 答案：　was burnt to the ground 6．She__________________(驚慌起來) when I found the door was closed. 答案：　got into a panic Ⅱ.巧思妙解 1．(湖北高考)AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A．that it isB．to be C．that it has been　

　　D．to have been 解析：　句意為：據說，在過去的幾年中，艾滋病對于那個地區的男女來說已是最大的挑戰。It is said that從句可轉為sb./sth.be said to do/to be doing/to have done的形式。由此可淘汰A、C兩項，由于句子中的時間狀語over the past few years要用完成時，所以淘汰B項選出正確答案D。 答案：　D 2．—Is Bob still performing? —I’m afraid not.He is said________the stage already as he has become an official. A．to have left　

　　B．to leave C．to have been left　

　　D．to be left 解析：　本題考查 sb.is said to do結構。sb.is said to do意為“據說某人．.....”，相當于 It is said that...；根據題意，說明他已經離開舞臺了，所以用 sb.is said to have done。 答案：　A 3．(2011·甘肅天水一中段考)The flu is believed________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A．causing　

　　B．being caused C．to be causedD．to have caused 解析：　考查特殊句式。句意為：人們認為感冒是由喜歡在人的鼻子和喉嚨的細胞中自我復制的病毒引起的。本句是“It’s believed that the flu is caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.”的另外一種表達形式。 答案：　C

　　4．(2011·陜西寶雞質檢)Your sister is said________in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday. A．to be treated badlyB．to have been badly treated C．being badly treatedD．treating badly 解析：　be said后搭配用動詞不定式，而根據句子意思不定式既表完成，又表被動，因此用不定式的完成被動式，故選B。 答案：　B Ⅰ.重點單詞聚焦 1．—Do you allow your son to travel in Europe alone this summer? —________(絕對地) not. 答案：　Absolutely 2．The boy has the________(潛能) to become a pianist，but unluckily，it has never been developed because of poverty. 答案：　potential 3．With competition becoming severer and severer，nowadays，students are not________(保證) jobs when they graduate from college. 答案：　guaranteed 4．The fear of all kinds of examinations can be a source of deep ________(焦慮) to many students. 答案：　anxiety 5．Some people believe money is of great importance，but others believe health is the most________(寶貴的) thing in the world. 答案：　precious 6．What she told me was not a dream but a________(實際的) event. 答案：　practical 7．Yesterday four robbers were________(射中) dead on the spot because they resisted the police stubbornly. 答案：　shot 8．She hit her head and was________(失去知覺的) for several minutes. 答案：　unconscious 9．I was really sorry when he________(揮手) us goodbye.We all wanted him to remain here. 答案：　waved 10．The sudden gunfire from the top of the hill________(使驚慌) the children at home. 答案：　panicked Ⅱ.重點短語掃描 1．be suitable

　　適合…… 2．be

　　as被任命為…… 3．be

　　about　

　　因……而焦慮 4．

　　from...to...由……到……不等 5．

　　one’s way to前往…… 6．

　　to the ground全部焚毀 7．be buried under the

　　　被埋在廢墟下 8．

　　through　

　　匆匆看一遍 9．have a

　　for　

　　有……天賦 for appointed anxious vary make burn ruins glance gift Ⅲ.課文原句突破 1．收集和評估這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學家一起預測熔巖下一步將往何處流，流速是多少。 ________ ________ ________ ________the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 答案：　Having collected and evaluated

　　2．我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。 I ________ ________ ________ go back to sleep________suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 答案：　was about to；when

　　3．穿著這些衣服走起路來實在不容易，但我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去，并且向下看到了紅紅的、沸騰的中央。 It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly________ ________ ________ ________ the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre. 答案：　made our way to

　　4．另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。 The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but________ ________ ________ ________ ________，I stayed at the top and watched them. 答案：　 this being my first experience

　　5．這里地面的高度由海拔700米到2 000多米不等，是多種多樣稀有動植物的生長地。 The height of the land________ ________700 metres above sea level________over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 答案：　varies from；to

　　6．據說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。 ________ ________ ________ ________this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people. 答案：　It is said that appoint vt.任命，委派；約定，指定，安排 教材原句P34：I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago. 二十年前我被任命為火山學家，為夏威夷火山觀測站工作。

　?、賅e appointed the place and time for the next meeting. 我們決定了下次集會的地點與時間。 ②We are considering appointing him to act as secretary. 我們在考慮指定他當秘書。 ③The time appointed for the meeting was 10∶30. 規定開會的時間是10點30分。 ④I have an appointment with them in the evening. 今晚我與他們有個約會。

　　1.完成句子 王先生生病了，因此我們必須委派一位新老師到山區學校代替他的位置。 Mr Wang has fallen ill，so we must______________________the mountain school to take his place. 答案：　appoint a new teacher to suit v．適合某人；對(某人)方便 教材原句P34：We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves. 我們都穿著白色的防護服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。 ①It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everyboby. 要想找到適合所有人的時間幾乎是不可能的。 ②If you want to go by bus，that suits me fine. 如果你想坐公共汽車去，那對我很方便。 ③A good teacher suits his lesson to the age of his pupils. 一位優秀的老師應使他講的課適合學生的年齡。 辨析：fit，suit與match (1)fit多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合適。 I tried the dress on but it didn’t fit.It was too small. 我試穿了那件連衣裙，但不合身。它太小了。 (2)suit指衣服等顏色、款式、花樣等適合。 Does this skirt suit me？這條裙子我穿著好看嗎？ (3)match意為“使相稱，使相配，使匹配”，指事物在大小、色調、性質等方面的搭配。 Her clothes don’t match her age.她的服裝和年齡不相配。

　　2.(天津高考)Her shoes______her dress；they look very well together. A．suitB．fit C．compareD．match 解析：　句意為：她的鞋和她的裙子很匹配，搭配得很好。本題考查一組近義詞辨析。suit是指顏色、花樣或款式等相配，fit是大小、尺寸等正合適；compare比較；match指兩個東西相稱、匹配。 答案：　D 3．—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema? —That________me fine. A．fit　

　　B．meets C．satisfies　

　　D．suits 解析：　本題考查動詞詞義辨析。fit多指“(大小、形狀等)適合，吻合”；suit多指“合乎需要、口味、條件等”；meet，satisfy常表示“滿足(需要)，符合(要求)”。 答案：　D

　　4．The clothes don’t________me at all.They are tight in the sleeve. A．satisfy　

　　B．meet C．fit　

　　D．suit 解析：　表示“(衣服尺寸)適合”用fit。 答案：　C panic

　　(panicked，panicked) v．(使人或動物)受驚；驚慌；n.驚訝；恐慌 教材原句P38：I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我非常緊張，不得不強迫自己不要驚慌。

　　①The crowd panicked at the sound of the gunfire. 那群人聽到槍聲后驚慌失措。 ②The banks were panicked into selling dollars. 銀行驚恐地拋售美元。 ③The audience were thrown into a panic when the fire started. 一起火觀眾頓時陷入一片慌亂之中。 ④I got into a panic when I saw smoke coming out of the kitchen.看到廚房冒煙，我頓時驚慌失措。 ⑤Often people in a panic do foolish things. 處于驚恐狀態的人往往會做出蠢事來。