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2024屆高考英語二輪復習課件 第19講:細節理解題(湖南專用)人教新課標版

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2024屆高考英語二輪復習課件 第19講:細節理解題(湖南專用)人教新課標版

  第19講

  細節理解題

  *

  (2024·湖南卷A篇)What makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt? Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is worth the most? This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father. My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming, *

  and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.

  I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other.

  *

  I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood. I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.

  Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift. *

  57. The author's inspiration for the gift came from ______.

  A. a photo of a flower

  B. a story about a kid

  C. a call from the mother

  D. a text about Christmas

  作者一直不知道給父親買什么禮物,但是偶爾看到父親的信息使其想到了爸爸“讀詩歌”的愛好,因而用心制作了“詩配花”的圖片的禮物。最后作者看到父親對待禮物的態度,知道自己做對了。

  57. A 細節理解題。考查對文章細節的理解和判斷能力。根據文章的第二段可知: 作者拿出手機時看到了媽媽發來的信息,偶爾看到了爸爸發來的信息。信息是一朵花,花兒使作者想到了爸爸的話,因而使作者想到了給爸爸的禮物。 思路點撥 *

  59. The author made the gift by ______. A. searching for the poems online B. drawing the background by hand C. painting the letters in three colors D. matching the words with pictures

  D 細節理解題。考查對文章的細節的理解和判斷能力。根據第三段的第二句可知: 作者先在電腦上找到這種花,然后在花上打上字。可見其禮物是“配上字的圖片”。 思路點撥

  一篇文章在確定主題之后,通常要通過大量的事實和細節對主題進行解釋和說明。因此有很多的題干是根據短文的細節而設計的。文章的細節題有可能是直接理解題,如事物的起因、過程、結果及發生的時間、地點等。也有些是間接理解題,要求你在理解的基礎上,通過自己的思維將理解的內容系統化,條理化。選項的表述通常不是用文章的原話,而是使用同義的詞語來表達。考生一定要回到短文中找出與答題內容相關的詞語和句子,在理解原文的基礎上選擇答案。

  一、所謂細節題的表現形式多種多樣,大致可總結如下:

  1. 是非題

  出題形式:

  三正一誤(三項正確,只有一項不符合原文內容):

  Which of the following is TRUE except…?

  Which of the following is mentioned except…?

  三誤一正(三項錯誤,只有一項符合原文內容):

  Which of the following is true?

  2. 例證題

  例子為高考閱讀理解的常見考點之一,這類題的基本結構為The author provides in Line…(或Paragraph…)an example in order to…意思是問文中舉出某現象或例子的目的。如果文章是說明文和議論文,文章中舉出一些例子無非是為了說明一定的道理。關鍵在于這個例子在原文出現的位置,但不管如何,這個例子之前或之后不遠處通常都有一句總結說明性的話,這句話就是答案,即舉例的目的。如果例子與全文主題有關,則例證主題,答案為主題句。如果例子與段落主題有關,就例證段落主題,則答案為段落主題句;否則,答案為例子前后總結說明性的話。

  3. 其他形式的細節題

  (1)定義

  ①與主題有關的篇章定義,理解它有助于做主旨題。

  ②具體對某個現象或術語加以定義,有時成為詞義題的考試內容。

  (2)年代與數字

  這個考點有幾種出題方式,但不管以何種形式出現,只要題干問年代與數字,答案就對應于文章中的年代與數字。

  (3)比較

  比較考點的表現形式主要有:①比較級與含有比較意義的詞匯手段和句型結構;②表示絕對意義的字眼:first(第一),least(最不),uttermost(最)等;③表示唯一性的詞匯:only,unique等。

  閱讀最好能圈出表示最高級、唯一性和絕對意義的詞匯,便于做題時對回原文定位。

  (4)原因

  這種題的答案在原文中通常有一些表示因果關系的詞匯手段提示:

  ①表示因果關系的名詞:result,reason;

  ②表示因果關系的動詞:result in(結果),result from(由于),base…on…(以……為基礎),be due to(由于);

  ③表示因果關系的連詞或介詞:because,for,why;

  ④表示因果關系的副詞:as a result,consequently等,閱讀時對這些提示詞應該予以注意。

  除了上述原文有因果關系提示詞的顯性原因考點之外,隱性原因(兩個句子之間為因果關系,但無有關提示詞)也是常見考點。不管是顯性原因考點,還是隱性原因考點,原文相關句出現的格式都是先說原因,后說結果,而在題干中通常給出結果,就其原因提問。

  二、解題方法:

  1. 直接理解題

  多數細節理解題是直接考查考生對具體信息的近義或反義理解能力。尋找相關的近義或反義表述,是一種有效的解題方式。

  代詞復指題也屬于一種直接理解題。一般是在人物或事物關系比較復雜的情況下使用這種題型,所以理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關系是關鍵所在。可采用“邏輯關系梳理法”,使人物或事件關系條理化、簡明化。 【基礎練習】 26. How does the author understand Maxie's words? A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author. B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day. C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy. D. Maxie really worries about the author's security.

  本文主要介紹了人們相互之間常說 “Have a nice day”這一習慣。

  26. B 細節理解題。由第一段最后兩句可知,特別是“cares about me and wishes me well”等字眼。 【基礎練習】 28. By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may ______. A. try to be polite to you B. express respect to you C. give his blessing to you D. share his pleasure with you

  28. A 細節理解題。由第四段可知,特別是 “has tried to be nice to you”最為明顯。

  2. 轉換理解題

  轉換理解題要求考生在理解具體事實的基礎上,通過自己的思維將理解的內容系統化,條理化,形象化,具體化。

  一是“首尾定位法”。比如計算、排序、選圖等題。排序題要求考生根據事件發生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關系,找出事件發生的正確順序,即先找出第一個動作和最后一個動作,迅速縮小選擇范圍,從而快速選出正確答案。

  二是利用同義詞、近義詞和反義詞:即命題者常常會利用近義詞或反義詞來考查學生對細節的捕捉與理解能力。 【基礎練習】 51. After a short overseas holiday, people tend to ______. A. notice small changes B. expect small changes C. welcome small changes D. exaggerate small changes

  本文講述僑居國外的英國人離開英國多年后重回英國的不同感受,這些感受我們司空見慣而無法察覺,只有他們才能體會。

  51. A 細節理解題。根據文章第二段第一句中“…small changes have probably surprised you…”可知,在短期海外度假后,人們會注意到小變化,故A項正確。 【基礎練習】 53. When arriving at the airport in Britain, Christine was shocked by ______. A. the relaxed policemen B. the messy arrivals hall C. the tight security D. the bank robbers

  53. C 細節理解題。根據倒數第二段第一句中“To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening…”可知,當到達英國機場,Christine為緊張的安全措施所震驚。故C項正確。A項與語意相反,B、D項未提及。

  第19講

  細節理解題

  *

  (2024·湖南卷A篇)What makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt? Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is worth the most? This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father. My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming, *

  and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.

  I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other.

  *

  I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood. I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.

  Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift. *

  57. The author's inspiration for the gift came from ______.

  A. a photo of a flower

  B. a story about a kid

  C. a call from the mother

  D. a text about Christmas

  作者一直不知道給父親買什么禮物,但是偶爾看到父親的信息使其想到了爸爸“讀詩歌”的愛好,因而用心制作了“詩配花”的圖片的禮物。最后作者看到父親對待禮物的態度,知道自己做對了。

  57. A 細節理解題。考查對文章細節的理解和判斷能力。根據文章的第二段可知: 作者拿出手機時看到了媽媽發來的信息,偶爾看到了爸爸發來的信息。信息是一朵花,花兒使作者想到了爸爸的話,因而使作者想到了給爸爸的禮物。 思路點撥 *

  59. The author made the gift by ______. A. searching for the poems online B. drawing the background by hand C. painting the letters in three colors D. matching the words with pictures

  D 細節理解題。考查對文章的細節的理解和判斷能力。根據第三段的第二句可知: 作者先在電腦上找到這種花,然后在花上打上字。可見其禮物是“配上字的圖片”。 思路點撥

  一篇文章在確定主題之后,通常要通過大量的事實和細節對主題進行解釋和說明。因此有很多的題干是根據短文的細節而設計的。文章的細節題有可能是直接理解題,如事物的起因、過程、結果及發生的時間、地點等。也有些是間接理解題,要求你在理解的基礎上,通過自己的思維將理解的內容系統化,條理化。選項的表述通常不是用文章的原話,而是使用同義的詞語來表達。考生一定要回到短文中找出與答題內容相關的詞語和句子,在理解原文的基礎上選擇答案。

  一、所謂細節題的表現形式多種多樣,大致可總結如下:

  1. 是非題

  出題形式:

  三正一誤(三項正確,只有一項不符合原文內容):

  Which of the following is TRUE except…?

  Which of the following is mentioned except…?

  三誤一正(三項錯誤,只有一項符合原文內容):

  Which of the following is true?

  2. 例證題

  例子為高考閱讀理解的常見考點之一,這類題的基本結構為The author provides in Line…(或Paragraph…)an example in order to…意思是問文中舉出某現象或例子的目的。如果文章是說明文和議論文,文章中舉出一些例子無非是為了說明一定的道理。關鍵在于這個例子在原文出現的位置,但不管如何,這個例子之前或之后不遠處通常都有一句總結說明性的話,這句話就是答案,即舉例的目的。如果例子與全文主題有關,則例證主題,答案為主題句。如果例子與段落主題有關,就例證段落主題,則答案為段落主題句;否則,答案為例子前后總結說明性的話。

  3. 其他形式的細節題

  (1)定義

  ①與主題有關的篇章定義,理解它有助于做主旨題。

  ②具體對某個現象或術語加以定義,有時成為詞義題的考試內容。

  (2)年代與數字

  這個考點有幾種出題方式,但不管以何種形式出現,只要題干問年代與數字,答案就對應于文章中的年代與數字。

  (3)比較

  比較考點的表現形式主要有:①比較級與含有比較意義的詞匯手段和句型結構;②表示絕對意義的字眼:first(第一),least(最不),uttermost(最)等;③表示唯一性的詞匯:only,unique等。

  閱讀最好能圈出表示最高級、唯一性和絕對意義的詞匯,便于做題時對回原文定位。

  (4)原因

  這種題的答案在原文中通常有一些表示因果關系的詞匯手段提示:

  ①表示因果關系的名詞:result,reason;

  ②表示因果關系的動詞:result in(結果),result from(由于),base…on…(以……為基礎),be due to(由于);

  ③表示因果關系的連詞或介詞:because,for,why;

  ④表示因果關系的副詞:as a result,consequently等,閱讀時對這些提示詞應該予以注意。

  除了上述原文有因果關系提示詞的顯性原因考點之外,隱性原因(兩個句子之間為因果關系,但無有關提示詞)也是常見考點。不管是顯性原因考點,還是隱性原因考點,原文相關句出現的格式都是先說原因,后說結果,而在題干中通常給出結果,就其原因提問。

  二、解題方法:

  1. 直接理解題

  多數細節理解題是直接考查考生對具體信息的近義或反義理解能力。尋找相關的近義或反義表述,是一種有效的解題方式。

  代詞復指題也屬于一種直接理解題。一般是在人物或事物關系比較復雜的情況下使用這種題型,所以理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關系是關鍵所在。可采用“邏輯關系梳理法”,使人物或事件關系條理化、簡明化。 【基礎練習】 26. How does the author understand Maxie's words? A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author. B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day. C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy. D. Maxie really worries about the author's security.

  本文主要介紹了人們相互之間常說 “Have a nice day”這一習慣。

  26. B 細節理解題。由第一段最后兩句可知,特別是“cares about me and wishes me well”等字眼。 【基礎練習】 28. By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may ______. A. try to be polite to you B. express respect to you C. give his blessing to you D. share his pleasure with you

  28. A 細節理解題。由第四段可知,特別是 “has tried to be nice to you”最為明顯。

  2. 轉換理解題

  轉換理解題要求考生在理解具體事實的基礎上,通過自己的思維將理解的內容系統化,條理化,形象化,具體化。

  一是“首尾定位法”。比如計算、排序、選圖等題。排序題要求考生根據事件發生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關系,找出事件發生的正確順序,即先找出第一個動作和最后一個動作,迅速縮小選擇范圍,從而快速選出正確答案。

  二是利用同義詞、近義詞和反義詞:即命題者常常會利用近義詞或反義詞來考查學生對細節的捕捉與理解能力。 【基礎練習】 51. After a short overseas holiday, people tend to ______. A. notice small changes B. expect small changes C. welcome small changes D. exaggerate small changes

  本文講述僑居國外的英國人離開英國多年后重回英國的不同感受,這些感受我們司空見慣而無法察覺,只有他們才能體會。

  51. A 細節理解題。根據文章第二段第一句中“…small changes have probably surprised you…”可知,在短期海外度假后,人們會注意到小變化,故A項正確。 【基礎練習】 53. When arriving at the airport in Britain, Christine was shocked by ______. A. the relaxed policemen B. the messy arrivals hall C. the tight security D. the bank robbers

  53. C 細節理解題。根據倒數第二段第一句中“To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening…”可知,當到達英國機場,Christine為緊張的安全措施所震驚。故C項正確。A項與語意相反,B、D項未提及。

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