◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子 (1)________(大部分人)seem to prefer TV to radio. (2)多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。 __________________________________ (3)He was elected________(以多數(shù)票)． 答案：(1)The majority of people　(2)The majority was/were in favour of the proposal　(3)by a large majority 4．There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.(P8) 有一種專(zhuān)為旅游者選定的迷人的駕車(chē)游活動(dòng)。

　　◆ 探究學(xué)習(xí) 閱讀下列句子，注意mark的詞性及搭配 (1)Who made these dirty marks on my new book? (n.痕跡；污點(diǎn)；斑) (2)The teacher gave him high/low marks for his geography. (n.分?jǐn)?shù)) (3)Prices are marked on the goods.( vt.在……上作記號(hào)) (4)He was marked out for special training.(指定或者選擇某人/某物) ◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子 (1)讀課文時(shí)最好把重要的句子劃出來(lái)。 ________________________________________ (2)我們指定她當(dāng)我們的教練。 _________________________________ 答案：(1)While reading the text，you had better mark out the important sentences. (2)She was marked out for our coach. 5．It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(P8) 這是一次往返79公里的旅行， 它覆蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。 ◆ 詞語(yǔ)拓展 翻譯下列短語(yǔ) (1)拿走_(dá)_______ (2)收回(話(huà)等)________ (3)別急________ (4)雇傭；具有(面貌、顏色)________ (5)錯(cuò)以為；誤以為是________ (6)長(zhǎng)得像________ (7)從事；開(kāi)始(某活動(dòng)或愛(ài)好)；占去；接著做________ (8)吸收，吸引，收留，留宿，包容，理解，欺騙________ 答案：(1)take away　(2)take back (3)take it easy　(4)take on　(5)take for (6)take after　(7)take up　(8)take in ◆ 即學(xué)即練 用take off，take up，take on...as，take over，take in，take for，take back填空 (1)The boss was asked to______ Bob______ an office boy. (2)The battle hero we ________an ordinary soldier at first gave us an inspiring speech. (3)The plane ________and headed north. (4)Did they______ _much after listening to my lecture?

　　(5)Cars ________a great deal of valuable space on the roads. (6)May I ________what I promised you? Very sorry，I can't buy you a bicycle on time. 答案：(1)take on；as　(2)took for (3)took off　(4)take in　(5)take up (6)take back 6．Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.(P2) 有些人死了或回家了， 但是多數(shù)人盡管艱難，還是留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生。

　　◆ 詞語(yǔ)歸納 make a life 謀生 earn one's living 謀生 live/lead a．..life 過(guò)著……的生活。 ◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子 (1)His father________(靠教書(shū)為生)in the past. (2)His grandfather ________(靠買(mǎi)賣(mài)二手房謀生)and left him a lot of money.

　　(3)Thanks to the good policy，we are ________(過(guò)著幸福的生活)now. 答案：(1)made a life by teaching/earned his living (2)made a life by buying and selling second-hand houses

　　(3)living/leading a happy life 7．Team up with a couple from my hotel and hire a car. 同飯店里的一對(duì)夫妻作伴，一起租了一輛小汽車(chē)。

　　◆詞語(yǔ)辨析 hire; rent; employ; let 都含“租用”或“出租”的意思。 ①hire 有“雇”、“短期租借”的意思,如:hire servants 雇傭人;hire a hall for an evening

　　租禮堂用一晚上。 ②rent 指“較長(zhǎng)期地租用或租出(房屋、土地等)”,如:rent a house 租房子。 ③let 指“出租(房屋、地產(chǎn)等)”,如:a house to let 出租的房屋。④employ 指長(zhǎng)期雇傭或聘用腦力勞動(dòng)者。 ◆ 即學(xué)即練 用hire；rent；employ；let填空 (1)We'd better ________a car for the weekend.

　　(2)He makes a life by ________out his house to tourists.

　　(3)She ________for six months now.

　　(4)There is a sign outside a house and the rooms are to ______. 答案：(1)hire　(2)renting (3)hasn't been employed　(4)let 8．...many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.(P8) 很多中國(guó)人申請(qǐng)?jiān)诿绹?guó)的居住權(quán)。 ◆ 詞語(yǔ)歸納 be applied to 適用于，應(yīng)用于，施加于，用來(lái)表示，與……接觸

　　apply for 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求 apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做某事

　　apply sth. to 把……施于……；把……運(yùn)用于…… apply to 關(guān)系到，牽涉到；適用于；運(yùn)用于；向……詢(xún)問(wèn) ◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子 (1)You will pass your exams_________.(如果你真正專(zhuān)心致志) (2)________(你應(yīng)該立即申請(qǐng)這次機(jī)會(huì))in person or by letter. (3)What I have said________.(與你無(wú)關(guān)) (4)A nurse ________(正給他的傷口敷 答案：(1)if you really apply yourself to your work (2)You should apply immediately for the chance (3)does not apply to you

　　(4)is applying some medicine to 摘要寫(xiě)作技巧(5) ◆ 技巧點(diǎn)撥

　　有些文章的主旨在第一段，其余各段是對(duì)主旨的論證或補(bǔ)充，寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)只需扣住首段要點(diǎn)即可。 有些議論文把主題句放在各段的開(kāi)頭，這時(shí)，只要將各段首句相連就成了全文摘要。 ◆ 活學(xué)活用

　　閱讀下列短文，以約30詞寫(xiě)出該文摘要 A

　　SHANGHAI：The Transportation Information System for

　　2010 Shanghai World Expo has been completed and put into trial operation，officials said yesterday. The system which consists of three sub-systems will provide seven options to receive transportation information，including websites，transportation guides，radio and TV broadcasting，hotlines，message signs，mobile phone and enquiry machines，to satisfy tourists' requirements for transport information in the Expo garden and around the city at all time. Option 1：Official site for Expo traffic information Inspired by Aichi Expo and the Beijing Olympic Games，the Shanghai event will also launch its official website of traffic information，www.jtcx.sh.cn. Mobile phone users can log on to www.jtcx.sh.cn/m. The website delivers daily traffic information as well as travel guide around Expo garden，and advocate using public transport during the event. Option 2：Expo Transportation guide Two portable travel guides were produced for the convenience of tourists in the Yangtze River Delta.…… 溫馨提示:文章第一段介紹世博會(huì)期間上海的交通信息系統(tǒng)將通過(guò)七個(gè)途徑接收交通信息，這是文章主旨。接下來(lái)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)（七個(gè)途徑）一一介紹。寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)扣住第一段要義即可。 Disadvantages of life in big cities Although big cities provide people with many conveniences，they certainly have their own disadvantages. Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. The majority of people spend a great deal of time on their way to work or coming back from work. During the rush time，all the streets are jammed with packed buses and endless lines of bicycles and cars，and almost avoidable traffic accidents occur，resulting in broken limbs and traffic deaths. Air pollution comes second. Factories and moving vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases. There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays. If the weather is bad，you'll find the whole city overcast with smog. As a result，pollution induced diseases are now a common occurrence. However，noise and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year. In short，life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy. To me，it is silly of people to choose to live in big cities. 溫馨提示:通過(guò)閱讀全文，不難看出短文中每一段的首句即為該段的中心思想。將每一段段落大意放在一起，在稍作修改后便可以作為這篇短文的概括。 答案： A

　　The Transportation Information System for 2010 Shanghai World Expo has been completed and put into trial operation. The system consisting of three sub-systems will provide seven options to receive transportation information.(31 words) B

　　In spite of their conveniences，big cities have many disadvantages，such as traffic，air pollution，noise and violence，which makes living in big cities unhealthy and unsafe.(27 words) 祝 您 高考總復(fù)習(xí)·人教版·英語(yǔ)

　　選修 8　

　　Unit

　　1

　　A land of diversity

　　Part A．模仿朗讀 請(qǐng)聽(tīng)課文錄音，并跟讀課文，注意語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)和停頓 Part B．角色扮演 角色：Jane and Zhang Mei 情景：Zhang Mei 向Jane了解有關(guān)加州的信息。 任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你扮演Zhang Mei，根據(jù)中文提示提出問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)你的同桌扮演Jane，根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答你的提問(wèn)。 1．加州是美國(guó)第一大州還是第三大州？ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．加州的人口多嗎？ _________________________________________ 3．住在加州的人都是美國(guó)人嗎？ ____________________________________________ 4．加州的主要特色是什么？ _______________________________________ 5．最近幾十年移民加州的主要是哪些人？ 答案：1．Q：Is California the first or the third largest state in the United States? A：It is the third largest state in the United States. 答案：2.Q：Does California have a large population? A：Yes. It has the largest population of the country.

　　3.Q：Are all the people living in California Americans? A：No. People living in California are from every corner of the world.

　　4.Q：What's the major distinction of California? A：It has been attracting people from all over the world and is the most multicultural state in the USA. People say it is a melting pot of many races and cultures.

　　5.Q：Who are the main immigrants in recent decades? A: People from Asia. Part C．故事復(fù)述 請(qǐng)結(jié)合上述問(wèn)題答案，用自己的話(huà)復(fù)述課文。

　　提示詞：attract，immigrants，customs and languages，multicultural 答案：California is the third largest state in the United States but has the largest population of the country. In history，California has been attracting people from all over the world，like the Spanish，the Russians and the gold miners. Nowadays，California has become home to more Asians. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home，which makes California the most multicultural state in the USA. Ⅰ.寫(xiě)出下列必考單詞 1．大多數(shù)，大半n.____________ 2．牛(總稱(chēng))n.____________ 3．聯(lián)邦制的，聯(lián)邦政府的adj.____________ 4．侄子，外甥n.____________ 5．代理，副職(構(gòu)成成分，構(gòu)成n. &adj.)____________ 6．發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)vi.____________ 7．公正 n. ____________ 8．行李 n．____________ 9．渡船，渡口n.____________ 10．權(quán)威，當(dāng)局，官方n.____________ 答案：1．majority　2.cattle　3.federal 4．nephew　5.vice　6.occur　7.justice 8．luggage/baggage　9.ferry　10.authority Ⅱ.寫(xiě)出下列單詞的變化形式 1．種族 n．________；人種的adj.________；種族主義n.________；種族主義者n.________ 2．社會(huì)的adj.________；社會(huì)主義n.________；社會(huì)主義者/的n. &adj.________ 3．申請(qǐng)vt.________；申請(qǐng)人n.________；申請(qǐng)n.________ 4．國(guó)家，民族n._____；民族的adj.____；國(guó)籍n.________ 5．指出，表明vt._______；指示者，指示器n.________；指示，指標(biāo)n.________ 6 清晰的，明顯的adj._____；差別，區(qū)分，卓著n.______ 7．顯而易見(jiàn)的，顯然的adj.________；顯而易見(jiàn)地，顯然地adv.________ 答案：1．race；racial；racialism；racialist　2.social；socialism；socialist　3.apply；applicant；application　4.nation；national；nationality　5.indicate；indicator；indication 6．distinct；distinction　7.apparent；apparently ◆ 活學(xué)活用 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 1．She is a native of Italy，that is to say，she is an______ __.(Italy) 2．They come from different ________，so they have different ______ customs. (race) 3．________，she took no notice of the____ __mistakes in the accident. (apparent) 4．He ________that as an ________I should give him some ________of how I did in the test. (indicate) 5．All the ________ can ________in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their ________before May 5th.(apply) 6．Mr. Liu is a supporter of________，he is totally a________. (social) 答案：1．Italian

　　2．races；racial 3．Apparently；apparent 4．indicated；indicator；indications 5．a(chǎn)pplicants；apply；applications 6．socialism；socialist Ⅲ.翻譯下列必背短語(yǔ) 1．用……方法；借助____________ 2．謀生 ____________ 3．(某人)想到____________ 4．與……合作或工作____________ 5．畫(huà)線(xiàn)標(biāo)出……界線(xiàn)____________ 6．包括；吸收____________ 7．保持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗)____________ 8．許多；很多____________ 9．繼續(xù)存在 ____________ 10．背靠背____________ 答案：1．by means of　2.make a life　 3.occur to 4．team up with　5.mark out　6.take in 7．keep up　8.a great/good many 9．live on　 10.back to back ◆ 活學(xué)活用 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的解釋?zhuān)瑥恼n文中找出恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)完成下列句子 1．The thief had wanted to escape ________(by using) a secret tunnel，but was caught. 2．His parents were able to ________(earn one's living) by fishing. 3．Nobody likes to ________(cooperate with) lazy persons. 4．Only ________(in this way) can you learn English well. 5．The UK ________(include or cover sth.) England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland. 6．He ________(draw lines around) the basketball court with paint. 7．The enemy ________(continued sth.) their bombardment(轟炸)day and night. 答案：1．by means of　2.make a life 3．team up with　4.by this means 5．takes in　6.marked out　7.kept up Ⅳ.重點(diǎn)句型 It is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2) 美洲印第安人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亞。 ?句型：It is likely that...有可能…… sb. is likely to do sth.某人有可能做某事 ◆ 模仿造句 (1)很可能今晚她給我打電話(huà)。 ________________________________________________________________________ (2)湯姆有可能知道這個(gè)秘密。 ______________________________________________________________________ 答案：　(1)It's very likely that she'll ring me tonight. (2)Tom is likely to know this secret. Ⅴ.語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟 根據(jù)課文California完成下列短文

　　California is the__(1)__(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It is the most multicultural state in the US. This is not__(2)__(surprise)when you know the history of California __(3)__has attracted people from nearly every country in the world. No one really knows what time the first __(4)__(settle)arrived in __(5)__ we now know as California. The scientists believe that the Native Americans reached Alaska__(6)__means of a land bridge. In the 18th century，California was ruled by Spain. Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men. In 1848，gold__(7)__(discover)in California and the dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. In fact，few achieved their dream，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves. In more recent decades，California__(8)__(become)home to people from Asia.__(9)__ is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be __(10)__great that there will be no major racial or cultural group. 答案：1．third　2.surprising　3.which　4.settlers 5．what　6.by　7.was discovered 8．has become　9.It　10.so Ⅵ.考點(diǎn)活用 用本單元所學(xué)詞組、句型翻譯下列短文 自從1978年改革以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了移民大潮。致富的夢(mèng)想吸引著成千上萬(wàn)農(nóng)民從農(nóng)村來(lái)到城市，他們被叫做農(nóng)民工。盡管辛苦，他們中的多數(shù)人都能適應(yīng)城市生活，有些農(nóng)民工甚至申請(qǐng)到了城市居民權(quán)。農(nóng)民工通過(guò)努力工作為城市的繁榮作出了貢獻(xiàn)。 答案：

　　Since the reform in 1978，China has experienced migration movements. The dream of becoming rich has attracted thousands and thousands of farmers from the countryside to the cities，who are called migrant workers. The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship，some of whom even have applied for right to live in the city. These migrant workers have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard. It also has the distinction of being the most

　　multicultural state in the USA…(P2) 加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國(guó)最具多元文化的一個(gè)州…… ◆ 詞語(yǔ)歸納 distinction差別，區(qū)分 distinct 清楚的；明顯的

　　distinctly清楚地；明顯地 make a distinction between A and B 把A與B區(qū)別開(kāi) have the distinction of 有……特點(diǎn)；不同凡響 ◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子 (1)她不同凡響，成為第一個(gè)游過(guò)英吉利海峽的人。__ (2)There was a ________(明顯的局促不安的感覺(jué))in the air. (3)Then scientists ________.(把科學(xué)和藝術(shù)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)) 答案：(1)She had the distinction of being the first woman to swim the Channel. (2)distinct sense of embarrassment (3)made a distinction between arts and science 2．Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(P2) 科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些最早的定居者是從亞洲通過(guò)史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)的大陸橋，跨過(guò)白令海峽來(lái)到阿拉斯加的。

　　◆ 詞語(yǔ)拓展 將下列詞組譯成英語(yǔ) 用……辦法，借助________ 用這種方法________ 務(wù)必，一定________ 無(wú)論如何，以一切可能的手段________ 決不，無(wú)論如何也不________ 答案：(1)by means of　(2)by this means　(3)by all means　(4)by any means　(5)by no means ◆ 即學(xué)即練 請(qǐng)用上述短語(yǔ)填空 (1)He entered the room ________the tree near the window. (2)You can get the answer quickly ________. (3)You must finish the task on time ________. 答案：(1)by means of　(2)by this means　 (3)by any means 3．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.(P2) 在首批移居加利福尼亞的西班牙人中，大部分是來(lái)向土著人傳授天主教的牧師。

　　◆ 探究學(xué)習(xí) 閱讀下列句子，學(xué)習(xí)majority的用法 (1)The majority of students are hard-working. (the majority of后接可數(shù)名詞) (2)The majority of the damage is easy to repair. (the majority of后接不可數(shù)名詞) (3)Now a majority of women in this city often find jobs easily. (a majority of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“多數(shù)，很多” 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。)

　　◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子 (1)________(大部分人)seem to prefer TV to radio. (2)多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。 __________________________________ (3)He was elected________(以多數(shù)票)． 答案：(1)The majority of people　(2)The majority was/were in favour of the proposal　(3)by a large majority 4．There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.(P8) 有一種專(zhuān)為旅游者選定的迷人的駕車(chē)游活動(dòng)。

　　◆ 探究學(xué)習(xí) 閱讀下列句子，注意mark的詞性及搭配 (1)Who made these dirty marks on my new book? (n.痕跡；污點(diǎn)；斑) (2)The teacher gave him high/low marks for his geography. (n.分?jǐn)?shù)) (3)Prices are marked on the goods.( vt.在……上作記號(hào)) (4)He was marked out for special training.(指定或者選擇某人/某物) ◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子 (1)讀課文時(shí)最好把重要的句子劃出來(lái)。 ________________________________________ (2)我們指定她當(dāng)我們的教練。 _________________________________ 答案：(1)While reading the text，you had better mark out the important sentences. (2)She was marked out for our coach. 5．It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(P8) 這是一次往返79公里的旅行， 它覆蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。 ◆ 詞語(yǔ)拓展 翻譯下列短語(yǔ) (1)拿走_(dá)_______ (2)收回(話(huà)等)________ (3)別急________ (4)雇傭；具有(面貌、顏色)________ (5)錯(cuò)以為；誤以為是________ (6)長(zhǎng)得像________ (7)從事；開(kāi)始(某活動(dòng)或愛(ài)好)；占去；接著做________ (8)吸收，吸引，收留，留宿，包容，理解，欺騙________ 答案：(1)take away　(2)take back (3)take it easy　(4)take on　(5)take for (6)take after　(7)take up　(8)take in ◆ 即學(xué)即練 用take off，take up，take on...as，take over，take in，take for，take back填空 (1)The boss was asked to______ Bob______ an office boy. (2)The battle hero we ________an ordinary soldier at first gave us an inspiring speech. (3)The plane ________and headed north. (4)Did they______ _much after listening to my lecture?

　　(5)Cars ________a great deal of valuable space on the roads. (6)May I ________what I promised you? Very sorry，I can't buy you a bicycle on time. 答案：(1)take on；as　(2)took for (3)took off　(4)take in　(5)take up (6)take back 6．Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.(P2) 有些人死了或回家了， 但是多數(shù)人盡管艱難，還是留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生。

　　◆ 詞語(yǔ)歸納 make a life 謀生 earn one's living 謀生 live/lead a．..life 過(guò)著……的生活。 ◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子 (1)His father________(靠教書(shū)為生)in the past. (2)His grandfather ________(靠買(mǎi)賣(mài)二手房謀生)and left him a lot of money.

　　(3)Thanks to the good policy，we are ________(過(guò)著幸福的生活)now. 答案：(1)made a life by teaching/earned his living (2)made a life by buying and selling second-hand houses

　　(3)living/leading a happy life 7．Team up with a couple from my hotel and hire a car. 同飯店里的一對(duì)夫妻作伴，一起租了一輛小汽車(chē)。

　　◆詞語(yǔ)辨析 hire; rent; employ; let 都含“租用”或“出租”的意思。 ①hire 有“雇”、“短期租借”的意思,如:hire servants 雇傭人;hire a hall for an evening

　　租禮堂用一晚上。 ②rent 指“較長(zhǎng)期地租用或租出(房屋、土地等)”,如:rent a house 租房子。 ③let 指“出租(房屋、地產(chǎn)等)”,如:a house to let 出租的房屋。④employ 指長(zhǎng)期雇傭或聘用腦力勞動(dòng)者。 ◆ 即學(xué)即練 用hire；rent；employ；let填空 (1)We'd better ________a car for the weekend.

　　(2)He makes a life by ________out his house to tourists.

　　(3)She ________for six months now.

　　(4)There is a sign outside a house and the rooms are to ______. 答案：(1)hire　(2)renting (3)hasn't been employed　(4)let 8．...many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.(P8) 很多中國(guó)人申請(qǐng)?jiān)诿绹?guó)的居住權(quán)。 ◆ 詞語(yǔ)歸納 be applied to 適用于，應(yīng)用于，施加于，用來(lái)表示，與……接觸

　　apply for 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求 apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做某事

　　apply sth. to 把……施于……；把……運(yùn)用于…… apply to 關(guān)系到，牽涉到；適用于；運(yùn)用于；向……詢(xún)問(wèn) ◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子 (1)You will pass your exams_________.(如果你真正專(zhuān)心致志) (2)________(你應(yīng)該立即申請(qǐng)這次機(jī)會(huì))in person or by letter. (3)What I have said________.(與你無(wú)關(guān)) (4)A nurse ________(正給他的傷口敷 答案：(1)if you really apply yourself to your work (2)You should apply immediately for the chance (3)does not apply to you

　　(4)is applying some medicine to 摘要寫(xiě)作技巧(5) ◆ 技巧點(diǎn)撥

　　有些文章的主旨在第一段，其余各段是對(duì)主旨的論證或補(bǔ)充，寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)只需扣住首段要點(diǎn)即可。 有些議論文把主題句放在各段的開(kāi)頭，這時(shí)，只要將各段首句相連就成了全文摘要。 ◆ 活學(xué)活用

　　閱讀下列短文，以約30詞寫(xiě)出該文摘要 A

　　SHANGHAI：The Transportation Information System for

　　2010 Shanghai World Expo has been completed and put into trial operation，officials said yesterday. The system which consists of three sub-systems will provide seven options to receive transportation information，including websites，transportation guides，radio and TV broadcasting，hotlines，message signs，mobile phone and enquiry machines，to satisfy tourists' requirements for transport information in the Expo garden and around the city at all time. Option 1：Official site for Expo traffic information Inspired by Aichi Expo and the Beijing Olympic Games，the Shanghai event will also launch its official website of traffic information，www.jtcx.sh.cn. Mobile phone users can log on to www.jtcx.sh.cn/m. The website delivers daily traffic information as well as travel guide around Expo garden，and advocate using public transport during the event. Option 2：Expo Transportation guide Two portable travel guides were produced for the convenience of tourists in the Yangtze River Delta.…… 溫馨提示:文章第一段介紹世博會(huì)期間上海的交通信息系統(tǒng)將通過(guò)七個(gè)途徑接收交通信息，這是文章主旨。接下來(lái)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)（七個(gè)途徑）一一介紹。寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)扣住第一段要義即可。 Disadvantages of life in big cities Although big cities provide people with many conveniences，they certainly have their own disadvantages. Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. The majority of people spend a great deal of time on their way to work or coming back from work. During the rush time，all the streets are jammed with packed buses and endless lines of bicycles and cars，and almost avoidable traffic accidents occur，resulting in broken limbs and traffic deaths. Air pollution comes second. Factories and moving vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases. There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays. If the weather is bad，you'll find the whole city overcast with smog. As a result，pollution induced diseases are now a common occurrence. However，noise and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year. In short，life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy. To me，it is silly of people to choose to live in big cities. 溫馨提示:通過(guò)閱讀全文，不難看出短文中每一段的首句即為該段的中心思想。將每一段段落大意放在一起，在稍作修改后便可以作為這篇短文的概括。 答案： A

　　The Transportation Information System for 2010 Shanghai World Expo has been completed and put into trial operation. The system consisting of three sub-systems will provide seven options to receive transportation information.(31 words) B

　　In spite of their conveniences，big cities have many disadvantages，such as traffic，air pollution，noise and violence，which makes living in big cities unhealthy and unsafe.(27 words) 祝 您 高考總復(fù)習(xí)·人教版·英語(yǔ)

　　選修 8　

　　Unit

　　1

　　A land of diversity

　　Part A．模仿朗讀 請(qǐng)聽(tīng)課文錄音，并跟讀課文，注意語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)和停頓 Part B．角色扮演 角色：Jane and Zhang Mei 情景：Zhang Mei 向Jane了解有關(guān)加州的信息。 任務(wù)：請(qǐng)你扮演Zhang Mei，根據(jù)中文提示提出問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)你的同桌扮演Jane，根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答你的提問(wèn)。 1．加州是美國(guó)第一大州還是第三大州？ ________________________________________________________________________ 2．加州的人口多嗎？ _________________________________________ 3．住在加州的人都是美國(guó)人嗎？ ____________________________________________ 4．加州的主要特色是什么？ _______________________________________ 5．最近幾十年移民加州的主要是哪些人？ 答案：1．Q：Is California the first or the third largest state in the United States? A：It is the third largest state in the United States. 答案：2.Q：Does California have a large population? A：Yes. It has the largest population of the country.

　　3.Q：Are all the people living in California Americans? A：No. People living in California are from every corner of the world.

　　4.Q：What's the major distinction of California? A：It has been attracting people from all over the world and is the most multicultural state in the USA. People say it is a melting pot of many races and cultures.

　　5.Q：Who are the main immigrants in recent decades? A: People from Asia. Part C．故事復(fù)述 請(qǐng)結(jié)合上述問(wèn)題答案，用自己的話(huà)復(fù)述課文。

　　提示詞：attract，immigrants，customs and languages，multicultural 答案：California is the third largest state in the United States but has the largest population of the country. In history，California has been attracting people from all over the world，like the Spanish，the Russians and the gold miners. Nowadays，California has become home to more Asians. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home，which makes California the most multicultural state in the USA. Ⅰ.寫(xiě)出下列必考單詞 1．大多數(shù)，大半n.____________ 2．牛(總稱(chēng))n.____________ 3．聯(lián)邦制的，聯(lián)邦政府的adj.____________ 4．侄子，外甥n.____________ 5．代理，副職(構(gòu)成成分，構(gòu)成n. &adj.)____________ 6．發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)vi.____________ 7．公正 n. ____________ 8．行李 n．____________ 9．渡船，渡口n.____________ 10．權(quán)威，當(dāng)局，官方n.____________ 答案：1．majority　2.cattle　3.federal 4．nephew　5.vice　6.occur　7.justice 8．luggage/baggage　9.ferry　10.authority Ⅱ.寫(xiě)出下列單詞的變化形式 1．種族 n．________；人種的adj.________；種族主義n.________；種族主義者n.________ 2．社會(huì)的adj.________；社會(huì)主義n.________；社會(huì)主義者/的n. &adj.________ 3．申請(qǐng)vt.________；申請(qǐng)人n.________；申請(qǐng)n.________ 4．國(guó)家，民族n._____；民族的adj.____；國(guó)籍n.________ 5．指出，表明vt._______；指示者，指示器n.________；指示，指標(biāo)n.________ 6 清晰的，明顯的adj._____；差別，區(qū)分，卓著n.______ 7．顯而易見(jiàn)的，顯然的adj.________；顯而易見(jiàn)地，顯然地adv.________ 答案：1．race；racial；racialism；racialist　2.social；socialism；socialist　3.apply；applicant；application　4.nation；national；nationality　5.indicate；indicator；indication 6．distinct；distinction　7.apparent；apparently ◆ 活學(xué)活用 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 1．She is a native of Italy，that is to say，she is an______ __.(Italy) 2．They come from different ________，so they have different ______ customs. (race) 3．________，she took no notice of the____ __mistakes in the accident. (apparent) 4．He ________that as an ________I should give him some ________of how I did in the test. (indicate) 5．All the ________ can ________in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their ________before May 5th.(apply) 6．Mr. Liu is a supporter of________，he is totally a________. (social) 答案：1．Italian

　　2．races；racial 3．Apparently；apparent 4．indicated；indicator；indications 5．a(chǎn)pplicants；apply；applications 6．socialism；socialist Ⅲ.翻譯下列必背短語(yǔ) 1．用……方法；借助____________ 2．謀生 ____________ 3．(某人)想到____________ 4．與……合作或工作____________ 5．畫(huà)線(xiàn)標(biāo)出……界線(xiàn)____________ 6．包括；吸收____________ 7．保持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗)____________ 8．許多；很多____________ 9．繼續(xù)存在 ____________ 10．背靠背____________ 答案：1．by means of　2.make a life　 3.occur to 4．team up with　5.mark out　6.take in 7．keep up　8.a great/good many 9．live on　 10.back to back ◆ 活學(xué)活用 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的解釋?zhuān)瑥恼n文中找出恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)完成下列句子 1．The thief had wanted to escape ________(by using) a secret tunnel，but was caught. 2．His parents were able to ________(earn one's living) by fishing. 3．Nobody likes to ________(cooperate with) lazy persons. 4．Only ________(in this way) can you learn English well. 5．The UK ________(include or cover sth.) England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland. 6．He ________(draw lines around) the basketball court with paint. 7．The enemy ________(continued sth.) their bombardment(轟炸)day and night. 答案：1．by means of　2.make a life 3．team up with　4.by this means 5．takes in　6.marked out　7.kept up Ⅳ.重點(diǎn)句型 It is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2) 美洲印第安人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亞。 ?句型：It is likely that...有可能…… sb. is likely to do sth.某人有可能做某事 ◆ 模仿造句 (1)很可能今晚她給我打電話(huà)。 ________________________________________________________________________ (2)湯姆有可能知道這個(gè)秘密。 ______________________________________________________________________ 答案：　(1)It's very likely that she'll ring me tonight. (2)Tom is likely to know this secret. Ⅴ.語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟 根據(jù)課文California完成下列短文

　　California is the__(1)__(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It is the most multicultural state in the US. This is not__(2)__(surprise)when you know the history of California __(3)__has attracted people from nearly every country in the world. No one really knows what time the first __(4)__(settle)arrived in __(5)__ we now know as California. The scientists believe that the Native Americans reached Alaska__(6)__means of a land bridge. In the 18th century，California was ruled by Spain. Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men. In 1848，gold__(7)__(discover)in California and the dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. In fact，few achieved their dream，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves. In more recent decades，California__(8)__(become)home to people from Asia.__(9)__ is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be __(10)__great that there will be no major racial or cultural group. 答案：1．third　2.surprising　3.which　4.settlers 5．what　6.by　7.was discovered 8．has become　9.It　10.so Ⅵ.考點(diǎn)活用 用本單元所學(xué)詞組、句型翻譯下列短文 自從1978年改革以來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了移民大潮。致富的夢(mèng)想吸引著成千上萬(wàn)農(nóng)民從農(nóng)村來(lái)到城市，他們被叫做農(nóng)民工。盡管辛苦，他們中的多數(shù)人都能適應(yīng)城市生活，有些農(nóng)民工甚至申請(qǐng)到了城市居民權(quán)。農(nóng)民工通過(guò)努力工作為城市的繁榮作出了貢獻(xiàn)。 答案：

　　Since the reform in 1978，China has experienced migration movements. The dream of becoming rich has attracted thousands and thousands of farmers from the countryside to the cities，who are called migrant workers. The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite great hardship，some of whom even have applied for right to live in the city. These migrant workers have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard. It also has the distinction of being the most

　　multicultural state in the USA…(P2) 加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國(guó)最具多元文化的一個(gè)州…… ◆ 詞語(yǔ)歸納 distinction差別，區(qū)分 distinct 清楚的；明顯的

　　distinctly清楚地；明顯地 make a distinction between A and B 把A與B區(qū)別開(kāi) have the distinction of 有……特點(diǎn)；不同凡響 ◆ 即學(xué)即練 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子 (1)她不同凡響，成為第一個(gè)游過(guò)英吉利海峽的人。__ (2)There was a ________(明顯的局促不安的感覺(jué))in the air. (3)Then scientists ________.(把科學(xué)和藝術(shù)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)) 答案：(1)She had the distinction of being the first woman to swim the Channel. (2)distinct sense of embarrassment (3)made a distinction between arts and science 2．Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(P2) 科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些最早的定居者是從亞洲通過(guò)史前時(shí)期曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)的大陸橋，跨過(guò)白令海峽來(lái)到阿拉斯加的。

　　◆ 詞語(yǔ)拓展 將下列詞組譯成英語(yǔ) 用……辦法，借助________ 用這種方法________ 務(wù)必，一定________ 無(wú)論如何，以一切可能的手段________ 決不，無(wú)論如何也不________ 答案：(1)by means of　(2)by this means　(3)by all means　(4)by any means　(5)by no means ◆ 即學(xué)即練 請(qǐng)用上述短語(yǔ)填空 (1)He entered the room ________the tree near the window. (2)You can get the answer quickly ________. (3)You must finish the task on time ________. 答案：(1)by means of　(2)by this means　 (3)by any means 3．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.(P2) 在首批移居加利福尼亞的西班牙人中，大部分是來(lái)向土著人傳授天主教的牧師。

　　◆ 探究學(xué)習(xí) 閱讀下列句子，學(xué)習(xí)majority的用法 (1)The majority of students are hard-working. (the majority of后接可數(shù)名詞) (2)The majority of the damage is easy to repair. (the majority of后接不可數(shù)名詞) (3)Now a majority of women in this city often find jobs easily. (a majority of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“多數(shù)，很多” 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。)