從句的主語為it或和主句主語一致，同時從句的謂語動詞含有be動詞，可將從句的主語和be動詞一起省略。when caught by police 是狀語從句when this person is caught by police的省略。此處狀語從句的主語同主句主語一致且句中含有be動詞，可省略從句主語和be動詞。注意：省略句，真容易，符合兩條就可以，從句謂語含有be，兩句主語一樣的，從句若有it be，照樣省去不遲疑。

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①When asked about their opinions(當被問及)about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favor of younger men.(2011· 湖北卷 · 多項選擇30) ②When ________ about his future plans，Zhang Yimou said that his next movie would follow a modern theme. (2024·長沙地質中學月考)

　　A．asking

　　B．asked C．to ask

　　D．being asked

　　答案　B ③We're always going off to ________ countries to promote China. (2024·江西臨川一中10月份月考) A．far away

　　B．far-off C．far from

　　D．away from 答案　B 【課本原句】 There is no cure for HIV or Aids, and after a person has been infected，he or she will always carry the virus.(P34)艾滋病毒和艾滋病沒有治愈的方法，一旦被感染了，他或是她就會一直攜帶病毒。 【聯想拓展】 infect sb with... 傳染給某人…… be infected with... 被傳染上……，感染上…… infectious adj.傳染的 infection n.傳染，影響,

　　infect vt.感染

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①My computer is infected with(感染) a virus. (2024·江蘇啟東檢測) ②The patients ________ A(H1N1) should be separated from others and well treated.

　　(2011·邵東一中11月月考) A．being infected with

　　B．having infected with C．infected with

　　D．to infect with 答案　C

　　estimate n．估算，估計，估價 vt.估計，估算，估價；評價，

　　判斷(常與highly，greatly等表示程度的副詞連用) 【課本原句】 According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates from 2005, more than 4 million children had died from Aids, and more than 14 million children had lost their parents to Aids.(P34)根據世界衛生組織(WHO)估計，從2005年起，超過400萬的兒童已經由于艾滋病而死亡，超過1 400萬的兒童由于艾滋病失去了父母。 estimation n．評價，判斷，看法；估計，估算 estimate sth at/to be...估算…… estimate that...估計…… in one's estimate 根據某人的判斷 in the estimation of the most people 在大多數人的心目中

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①It has been estimated that(據估計) the average company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. (2011·上海卷·閱讀理解A) ②我估計他的收入約為5 000英鎊。 I estimated his income at about ￡5,000. ③你能將費用大致地估算一下嗎？ Can you give me a rough estimate of the cost? ④他在同學們中評價很高。 He is highly estimated among the classmates.

　　term n．術語，名詞；學期；期限；(pl.)關系，友誼，地位；

　　條件 【課本原句】 When discussing the problem of Aids, we use a lot of technical and scientific terms on this website.(P39)討論艾滋病這個問題的時候，這個網站使用了許多技術和科學的術語。 【聯想拓展】 in the long (short) term 從長遠(眼前)來看in terms of 就……而言，從……角度，從……方面；根據，按照be on good/bad terms with 與……關系很好/壞come to terms with sb 和解；妥協；讓步come to terms with sth 甘心忍受；適應；順從keep on good terms with sb 與某人保持友好關系

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion(從時尚的角度)?

　　(2010· 湖北卷 · 閱讀理解C) ②Liu Xiang hasn't recovered from his foot injury, but ________ his performance in the 2009 National Games, he is a success. (2011·邵東創新實驗學校9月份月考) A．thanks to

　　B．in terms of　 C．instead of

　　D．regardless of

　　答案　B

　　addictive adj.(藥物等)使人上癮的，使人入迷的 【課本原句】 Although these drugs can produce different reactions, they are all addictive, physically and/or psychologically.(P46)盡管這些毒品會產生不同的反應，但它們都會使人上癮，生理上或心理上上癮，或者是兩者兼而有之。 addiction n.癮，入迷，嗜好(＋to) addict n.吸毒成癮的人，癮君子；對……入迷的人 a drug addict 有毒癮之人；有藥癮之人 a golf addict 對高爾夫球入迷的人 addicted adj.成癮的(常用作表語，不用在名詞之前，常與介詞to搭配使用

　　——看看高考怎么考 用addict的適當形式填空 ①But what I was going to spend the money on? Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate! (2011· 陜西卷 · 完形填空) ②Many people, including adults and teenagers, find Internet games addictive. ③Internet addiction,once considered simply a bad habit, is now classified as a psychological disorder. ④Smokers are likely to be addicted to nicotine.

　　order n．秩序，次序，順序；整齊；命令；訂購；訂單；點飯

　　(菜)vt.命令；訂購；安排 【課本原句】 The police help keep order and protect us from crime.(P49)警察幫助維持秩序，保護我們免于犯罪。 【聯想拓展】 keep order 維持秩序 in order of 以……的順序 in order 井然有序；適宜的 out of order 紊亂的；出故障的 in order to do/that... 為了…… give/place an order for sth with (sb)(和某人)訂購某物 give/take orders下達/接受命令 order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 order that...(should)＋動詞原形 命令…… order sb sth＝order sth for sb 為某人訂購……

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order(適宜的)?

　　(2011·江蘇卷·任務型閱讀) ②I'd like to make some suggestions on English teaching and learning in our school.Firstly，we should be given more opportunities to use what we've learned in order to have a better grasp of it(以便更好的掌握它)．(2010·江蘇卷·書面表達范文) 用介/副詞填空 ③He called out our names in order. ④Your room is out of order and you should tidy it. 【課本原句】 Cybercrime is a relatively new term that refers to any computer-related criminal offence.(P50) 網絡犯罪是一個相對較新的詞語，指任何與電腦相關的犯罪。 【聯想拓展】 commit/make an offence against 違反；破壞(法律、風俗)give/cause offence to 觸怒，得罪without offence 不觸怒(冒犯)人；沒生氣no offence 不要見怪，沒有冒犯你的意思offensive adj.冒犯的，攻擊性的，令人不快的offensive to sb 冒犯某人的，得罪某人的；對某人無禮的offend v.得罪，冒犯offend against sb/sth違背(人情)；違反(常理)，有悖于,

　　offence n．犯罪，冒犯；罪過

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①Drivers who cause traffic accidents，or who commit a moving traffic offence(交通犯罪) or are being suspected of drunk driving will be tested.

　　(2011· 福建卷 · 閱讀理解A) ②Neil did not mean to offend(冒犯)anybody with his joke. ③Whoever committed a(n) ________ should be punished by law.

　　(2024·江蘇省海門市高三第二次診斷性考試) A．allowance　

　　B．offence　 C．suicide　

　　D．passport 答案　B

　　identify vt.認定；識別，鑒別 【課本原句】 At the Council of Europe, we feel that such specific classifications are necessary as they help identify and combat cybercrime, a serious problem nowadays.(P50) 在歐洲議會，我們感到，當網絡犯罪已成為一個嚴重問題的今天，這樣明確的分類是必要的，可以幫助我們確認并打擊網絡犯罪。 【聯想拓展】 identify sb/sth as sb/sth確認/證明某人/某物為……；鑒別出某人/某物為…… identify sth with sth 認為某物與另一物等同 identify (oneself) with sb/sth支持某人/某物，與某人/某物有聯系identity n.身份；特征 identity card 身份證 identification n.驗明；鑒別 identical adj. 同一的，完全相同的 be identical to 和……完全一樣

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects(鑒別物體) in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.

　　(2011· 山東卷 · 閱讀理解D) ②The identification(驗明) of the accident victims took some time. ③這個系統與法國所用的那個完全相同。 This system is identical to the one used in France. 【課本原句】 Ajani and his sister lost their father to Aids two years ago, and now their mother has died of the same disease.(P34)阿加尼和他的妹妹兩年前因艾滋病失去了他們的父親，現在他們的母親也死于同樣的疾病。

　　lose sb to sth 因某事失去某人 【聯想拓展】 lose to/against sb 負于某人 lose one‘s breath 喘不過氣來 lose touch with...和……失去聯系 lose one‘s balance 失去平衡 lose control of...失去對……的控制 lose sight of 看不見 lose track of...失去……的線索

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①他沒有灰心，終于在戲劇方面取得了成功。 He didn't lose heart，and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.

　　(2011·重慶卷·閱讀理解D) ②如果不采取措施，越來越多的孩子將會因艾滋病而失去父母。 If action is not taken, more and more children will lose their parents to Aids. ③在世界杯半決賽中，德國隊輸給了意大利隊，這使得德國人大失所望。 In the semi-final of the World Cup, the German football lost to Italy, which made the German people very disappointed. 【課本原句】 Although many people are familiar with Aids and how it is transmitted, more than a few people subscribe to the view that HIV and Aids are an African problem because the infection rates there are very high.(P34)雖然很多人都熟悉艾滋病及其傳播方式，還是有不少人贊成這樣的觀點：艾滋病病毒和艾滋病是非洲的問題，因為那里的感染率非常高。

　　subscribe to 同意，贊成；訂閱(報紙、雜志等)；定期捐助 【聯想拓展】 to為介詞的短語：lead to 通向，導致 stick to 堅持 refer to 提到，參考 adjust to使……適應于 object to 反對 turn to 翻到，轉向，求助于 appeal to 有吸引力 look forward to 期盼注意： subscribe to 中的to是介詞，后跟名(代)詞或動名詞。

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to(參閱) relevant learning materials or Web pages. (2011· 安徽卷 · 書面表達，范文賞讀) ②設計得要雅俗共賞，老幼皆宜。 The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. ③________ I believe in you, I don't ________ your view-point ________ she is failing to find a well-paid job again. (2024·長沙市一中月考) A．When；submit；which B．As；subscribe for；where

　　C．If；apply for；/ D．While；subscribe to；that 答案　D 【課本原句】 In some cases, the beginning paragraph does not need a topic sentence at all.(P40)在一些情況下，開始段落不需要一個主題句。

　　in some cases在某些情況下 【聯想拓展】 in case 以防萬一，萬一……的話 in case of... 以防……，萬一 in no case 在任何情況下都不 in this/that case 假如是這樣/那樣的話 in the case of 就……來說，至于…… in any case 無論如何a s is often the case 這是常有的事

　　——看看高考怎么考 ①如果他來了，要讓我知道。 In case he comes, let me know. ②你決不能離開崗位。 In no case are you to leave your post. ③以防有緊急情況，要備好醫療救助。

　　Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency. ④Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________ he had done something very clever. (2011· 湖南卷 · Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 33) A．as if

　　B．in case C．while

　　D．though

　　答案　A 【課本原句】 The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when caught by police determine the punishment.(P47) 一個人被警察抓獲時所攜帶的非法毒品的種類和數量決定了懲罰的輕重。

　　when caught by police... 　Units 3～4　 晨讀在線　 假如你是李華，你所在的學校將建一個學生活動中心，請給校長寫一封信，建議可在該中心舉行兩種活動。 注意：1.詞數：不少于120； 2．文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名稱。 【范文欣賞】 　請同學們先進行完形填空(每空填一個單詞) Dear headmaster， As a member of our school, I'd like to recommend to 1.you two activities to be held in our activity center. First, I think we can invite 2.an expert to give us a lecture on safety education.You know, with the development of society, natural disasters happen all over the world frequently and cause great losses 3.to people.So we must learn some safety knowledge to protect 4.ourselves and avoid some tragedies.Second,

　　I suggest we should organize a singing competition 5.in celebration of the birthday of our motherland.Our motherland has achieved numerous great achievements in the past decades.I believe each of us Chinese people must be proud of her 6.and thirsty for singing for her.Arrange for young teachers with taste to act 7.as judges, will you? I hope you can spare a 8.little time to consider my suggestions. Truly yours， Zhang Hua(148 words) 【名師點評】 第一段開門見山，直奔主題，要向校長建議兩項活動；第二段具體建議兩項活動，并分別說出了理由，理由充分，令人信服；第三段委婉地提出希望，禮貌得體。高級詞匯(如recommend，natural disasters, frequently，tragedies，in celebration of，numerous，thirsty for等)及反意疑問句Arrange for young teachers with taste to act as judges, will you？的使用反映作者老道的文筆。 【瘋狂背誦】

　　請用10分鐘背誦范文 【還原范文】 請同學們將下列句子翻譯成英語 1．親愛的校長： Dear headmaster， 2．作為我們學校的一員，我想向您推薦兩項活動。 As a member of our school, I'd like to recommend to you two activities. 3．首先，我認為我們可以邀請一位專家做安全教育方面的講座。 First, I think we can invite an expert to give us a lecture on safety education. 4．你知道，隨著社會的發展，世界各地的自然災害頻繁發生，給人們帶來了巨大的損失。 You know, with the development of_society, natural disasters happen all over the world frequently and cause great losses to people. 5．所以我們必須要懂得一些安全知識來保護自己，避免一些悲劇。 So we must learn some safety knowledge to protect ourselves and avoid some tragedies. 6．第二，我建議我們應該組織一次歌詠比賽來慶祝我們祖國的生日。 Second, I suggest we should organize a singing competition in celebration of the birthday of our motherland. 7．我們的祖國在過去的幾十年里取得了無數的偉大成就。 Our motherland has achieved numerous great achievements in the past decades. 8．我相信每一位中國人一定會為她感到自豪并渴望為她歌唱。 I believe each of us Chinese people must be proud of her and thirsty for singing for her. 9．請安排有品位的年輕老師來做評委，好嗎？ Arrange for young teachers with taste to act as judges, will you? 10．我希望您能抽出一點時間考慮我的建議。 I hope you can spare a, little time to consider my suggestions. 11．你真誠的，張華。 Truly yours,_ Zhang Hua.

　　Ⅰ.單詞默寫 1．leak vt.&vi.漏，滲漏；泄露 2．distribution n．分布；分發，發放 3．swallow vt.&vi.吞，咽 4．slide vi.滑行，滑動 vt.使滑行，使滑動 5．withdrawal n．解毒期，脫癮期；停止，取消；收回，撤回 6．additional adj.另外的，附加的，額外的 7．offence_n．犯罪，冒犯；罪過 8．identify vt.認定；識別，鑒別

　　9．steward n．干事，管理者；(飛機、輪船等的)乘務員 10．unsuitable adj.不合適的，不適合的 11．choke vt.to fill a road, pipe etc.completely and block it 12．addictive adj.making you addicted to something 13．erase vt.to completely remove written or recorded information　 14．ripe adj.to be in the right condition for something 15．suck vt.to take liquid into your mouth, through a straw etc. Ⅱ.詞匯拓展 1．infect vt.感染→infection n．傳染，影響→infectious adj.傳染的 2．addictive adj.(藥物等)使人上癮的→addicted adj.上癮的→addiction n．癮 3．offence n．犯罪，冒犯；罪過→offend v．得罪，冒犯→offensive adj.冒犯的，攻擊性的，令人不快的 4．complicate vt.使……變得復雜→complicated adj.復雜的→complication n．使更復雜化的事物 5．applicant n．申請者→application n．應用，適用，申請→apply v．應用，申請 語境助記——詞不離句，句不離段 Drugs are addictive.Many offences are caused by them. Under the infection of the drugs，people are sorrow during the withdrawal and stewards apply to take additional measures to solve the problem.

　　Ⅲ.短語落實 1．take...to court 把……告上法庭 2．apply to 適用于，應用于 3．get into a bad habit 養成壞習慣 4．keep up 跟上，不落后 5．break into 侵入，闖入；破門而入 6．relate to 與……相聯系，與……有關 7．in the first place 首先，一開始 8．in prison 坐牢，被監禁 9．in some cases 在某些情況下 10．choke back 控制住，忍住 Ⅳ.句子翻譯 1．As many smokers may tell you, nicotine is very physically addictive, which is why many people have trouble quitting smoking.(Page 46) 正如許多吸煙者可能告訴你的那樣，尼古丁是非常容易讓人在生理上上癮的，這正是為什么很多人難以戒煙的原因。 2．It is also important to make new laws and create international standards for these laws similar to those concerning international airspace.(Page 51) 制定新的法律并為其設立類似于有關國際空域的世界標準也很重要。 3．Many countries are in legal straits now, as they had not passed laws to protect intellectual property until recently.(Page 62) 許多國家目前正處于法律困境，因為他們一直沒有保護知識產權的法律，直到最近才通過了有關法律。 4．一個人被警察抓獲時所攜帶的非法毒品的種類和數量決定了懲罰的輕重。(Page 47) The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when caught by police determine the punishment. 5．我感覺很累，情緒波動很大。我一會兒很高興，然后又變得很生氣。(Page 59) I felt very tired and I had mood swings；I would be happy one moment and then suddenly angry. 【課本原句】 In an African village, eleven-year-old Ajani hears a far-off scream as he washes his little sister in a bath that leaks water.(P34)在非洲的一個村莊，11歲的阿加尼在漏水的浴盆中為妹妹洗澡時聽到了遠方的一聲尖叫。