13．(2010·四川)Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break ________ she got to her office. A. since

　　B. that C. when

　　D. until 答案與解析：C　when引導時間狀語從句。句意：因為交通擁擠，當她到達辦公室時已是午休時間了。 14．(2010·陜西)John thinks it won't be long ________ he is ready for his new job. A. when

　　B. after C. before

　　D. since 答案與解析：C　句意：約翰認為要不了多久他就會為新工作做好準備的。before在此處表示兩件事情發生相隔時間之長或之短。表示相隔時間之長時，常被翻譯成“過了/要過……后才”；表示相隔時間之短時常被翻譯成“還沒/未/要不了多久就……”。 【考點詮釋】 狀語從句在主從復合句中修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等，可分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。 1．時間狀語從句 由從屬連詞when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, until, as soon as, hardly...when, no sooner...than, since, the moment/minute/instant, directly, immediately等引導。其中特別需要注意幾點：

　　(1)when的特殊用法：be doing when...正在干某事這時……，該句型中when用作并列連詞，表示“那時，這時”。 (2)while的特殊用法：作并列連詞，“而，卻”；作從屬連詞，“盡管”，相當于although。 (3)not...until句型的強調和倒裝用法。 (4)It will be＋一段時間＋before...多久之后才…… (5)It is＋一段時間＋since.... (6)It was＋具體時間＋when...

　　(7)every time, each time, next time, the first time, the moment/minute/instant...等名詞短語引導時間狀語從句，表示“每次……”“下次……”“第一次……”“一……就……”等。 2．地點狀語從句 由where, wherever引導，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，where指“在某一地方”，wherever指“在任何一個地方”。但若表示抽象意義，則從句要放在主句之前。 3．條件狀語從句 一般由if, as long as, unless, once, on condition that以……為條件，supposing/suppose如果/假使， on the understanding that以……為條件，in case以防，only if只要等引導。 4．原因狀語從句 常用的連詞有because, since, as, now (that)既然，seeing that鑒于……，considering that考慮到，由于，in(that) 因為等。 5．結果狀語從句與目的狀語從句 結果狀語從句通常由so that, so...that, such...that來引導；目的狀語從句通常由so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest來引導。 6．讓步狀語從句 連詞有although/though, whether...or..., even though/even if, as, whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter what/when/how/who/where/which等。 需要注意： (1)although/though一般可互換使用，可以和yet, still連用，但是不能和but連用。 (2)though還可用作副詞，“可是，然而”之意，置于句末，并且有逗號和句子隔開。 (3)as引導的讓步狀語從句要倒裝，把從句中的表語、狀語或者動詞原形置于句首。若表語是名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。 (4)whoever, whatever, whichever等也可以引導名詞性從句。 7．方式狀語從句 由as, just as, as if/though引導。as if/though引導的方式狀語從句，如果從句所述的情況可以實現，用陳述語氣；如果從句所述的情況不可能實現，用虛擬語氣。 8．比較狀語從句 通常由as...as, not as/so...as, than, the more...the more...引導，比較狀語從句常用省略結構，要特別注意比較內容要一致。 9．狀語從句中的省略 在狀語從句中，如果主句和從句的主語一致或是it，且謂語動詞中有be的某種形式時，從句的主語和be常省略。 5．(2010·天津)As a new graduate, he doesn't know ________ it takes to start a business here. A. how

　　B. what C. when

　　D. which 答案與解析：B　賓語從句暗含it takes...to do sth.句型，因此應用what引導賓語從句并充當從句中的賓語。 【考點詮釋】 1．名詞性從句一直是多年來高考的熱點，試題多是考查引導名詞性從句的引導詞。引導名詞性從句的引導詞主要分為三類：連接詞(that, whether)、連接代詞和連接副詞。解答此類題目首先要運用簡單句的基本句式，分析從句的成分是否完整。 如果從句缺主語、賓語、表語，一般要考慮選擇連接代詞。如果從句不缺基本成分，即不缺主語、賓語、表語，要參考句意進行選擇?？梢赃x擇從屬連詞that，也可以選擇從屬連詞whether或if，有時還可以選擇連接副詞。 2．同位語從句 (1)同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞的內容和實質的從句。不起修飾作用。 (2)同位語從句常用的引導詞有that, whether, why, where, how等，if不引導同位語從句。在同位語從句中，that, whether不作成分，其他連接詞具有實義，同時在同位語從句中作句子成分。 (3)通?？筛徽Z從句的名詞有fact, news, order, message, doubt, idea, belief, reason, thought, suggestion, question等。 考點五十一　that, what引導的名詞性從句 【真題再現】 1．(2010·北京)I want to be liked and loved for ________ I am inside. A. who

　　B. where C. what

　　D. how 答案與解析：C　what引導名詞性從句，作介詞for的賓語。另外，what在從句中作表語。 2．(2010·北京)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what

　　B. that C. why

　　D. whether 答案與解析：B　that引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語，注意句型：The reason is/was that...。且that不充當句子的任何成分。其他幾項不合題意。 3．(2010·北京)________ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether

　　B. What C. That

　　D. How 答案與解析：B　句意：一些人認為是缺點的地方在其他人看來是一種優勢。what引導的名詞性從句作句子的主語，且what在從句中作regard的賓語。其他幾項不合題意。 4．(2010·福建)We should respect food and think about the people who don't have ________ we have here and treat food nicely. A. that

　　B. which C. what

　　D. whether 答案與解析：C　句意：我們應該重視食物，想想那些得不到我們所擁有的這些的人，好好對待食物。此處考查賓語從句的引導詞，從句中缺少賓語，故選what作動詞have的賓語。 5．(2010·山東)Before the sales start, I make a list of ________ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why

　　B. what C. how

　　D. which 答案與解析：B　引導一個名詞性從句，并在從句中作need的賓語，只能用what。句意：在特價促銷開始之前，我把接下來的這個季節里孩子所需要的東西列了個清單。 6．(2010·陜西)It never occurred to

　　me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which

　　B. what C. that

　　D. if 答案與解析：C　句意：我從來沒有想到你能成功地說服他改變主意。It occurs to sb. that...的意思為“某人突然想到……”，其中that引導主語從句，it為形式主語，指代that從句的具體內容。 7．(2010·浙江)It is uncertain ________ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that

　　B. what C. how

　　D. whether 答案與解析：B　此處是由what引導的主語從句，指代It的具體內容，It是形式主語，所以這里選B項。 【考點詮釋】 what與that的區別 what在名詞性從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語；that在名詞性從句中不作成分，只起連接作用，一般在從句中不缺少主語、表語或賓語時使用。 (1)What we need is time. 我們需要的是時間。(主語從句，what在從句中作賓語，不可以省略)

　　(2)What is needed is time. 所需要的是時間。(主語從句，what在從句中作主語，不可以省略) (3)That he failed in the test again really puzzled us. 他又一次沒通過考試，這讓我們迷惑不解。(主語從句，that在從句中不作成分，不可以省略) (4)I don't know that he was seriously ill. 我不知道他病得很嚴重。(賓語從句，that在從句中不作成分，可以省略) 注意對比以下句子： What__he__said is wrong.他說的話是錯的。 That__he__said__so is wrong.他這么說是錯的。 兩個句子都是主語從句，第一個句子中what作said的賓語；第二個句子中so作said的賓語，that不作成分，不可以省略。 另外，有時句子不缺成分時要用連接副詞，使句子意思更加完整。 The problem is how/where/when/whether we can get more money. 考點五十二　wh-ever引導的名詞性從句 【真題再現】 1．(2010·重慶)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions ________ had used the products. A. whoever

　　B. who C. whichever

　　D. which 答案與解析：A　whoever引導賓語從句，并在從句中作主語，相當于anyone who。 2．(2009·湖南)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life. A. whichever

　　B. however C. whatever

　　D. whoever 答案與解析：C　whichever意為“無論哪個”；however意為“不管多么”；whatever意為“無論什么”；whoever意為“無論誰”。句意：我們準備無論付出什么代價都要挽救她的生命。故答案選C項。 【考點詮釋】 連接代詞whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever也可引導名詞性從句，在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語。 1．whoever意為“任何……人”，相當于anyone/any person who(＋定語從句)。whoever在從句中既可作主句的主語，又可作賓語。 Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me. (whoever引導賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作like的賓語，此時可換成whomever) Whoever leaves last must lock the door. (whoever引導主語從句，且在主語從句中作主語) 2．whomever意為“任何……人”，相當于anyone/any person whom(＋定語從句)。whomever既可作主句的賓語，又可作從句的賓語，此時均可換成whoever。 Whomever she will marry is none of our business. (whomever引導主語從句，且在主語從句中作動詞marry的賓語) You may dance with whomever you like at the dancing party. (whomever引導賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作like的賓語) 3．whatever意為“無論什么；凡是……的事”，相當于anything that(＋定語從句)。whatever在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語；作定語時，相當于any...that(無論什么的；任何的)。 These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. (whatever引導賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作do的賓語) This kind of animals will eat whatever food they can find. (whatever引導賓語從句，在賓語從句中作定語，修飾food，并和food一起作find的賓語) 4．whichever意為“無論哪一個”，相當于any (one)/the one that(＋定語從句)。whichever在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語；作定語時，相當于any of...that(任何一個)。 Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. (whichever引導主語從句，在主語從句中作定語修飾team) She will buy whichever is the cheapest. (whichever引導賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作主語) 注意：whatever與whichever的區別 在表示選擇時，有一定范圍的語境下，用which或whichever；在沒有范圍的情況下則用what或whatever。 Here is 300 yuan. You can buy whatever you like. There are three skirts. You can take whichever you like. 考點五十三　引導狀語從句的連詞 【真題再現】 1．(2010·全國Ⅰ)Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal. A. so that

　　B. although C. while

　　D. as if 答案與解析：C　句意：趁客人們正在吃飯，瑪麗煮好了咖啡。while表示“在……期間”，符合語意。因此答案為C項。 2．(2010·全國Ⅰ)The little boy won't go to sleep ________ his mother tells him a story. A. or

　　B. unless C. but

　　D. whether 答案與解析：B　句意：如果媽媽不給他講故事，那個小男孩兒就不睡覺。unless表示“除非，如果不”，表示否定的條件，符合句意。or“或者”，表選擇；but“但是”，表轉折；whether“是否”。 3．(2010·全國Ⅱ)—Have you finished the book? —No, I've read up to ________ the children discover the secret cave. A. which

　　B. what C. that

　　D. where 答案與解析：D　答語的意思是：我已經讀到了孩子們發現了那個秘密洞穴的地方。where引導的是地點狀語從句。 4．(2010·重慶)Today, we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when

　　B. where C. how

　　D. what 答案與解析：B　where在此處引導地點狀語從句。 5．(2010·江西)—Our holiday cost a lot of money. —Did it? Well, that doesn't matter ________ you enjoyed yourselves. A. as long as

　　B. unless C. as soon as

　　D. though 答案與解析：A　句意：——我們度假花了很多錢?！菃?？嗯，只要你們玩得開心，那(花很多錢)是沒有關系的。as long as“只要”；unless“除非”；as soon as “一……就……”；though“雖然”。 6．(2010·遼寧)The old man asked

　　Lucy to move to another chair ________ he wanted to sit next to his wife. A. although

　　B. unless C. because

　　D. if 答案與解析：C　句意：那個老人讓Lucy去坐另一張椅子，因為他想挨著他妻子坐。后面的從句表示原因，故填because。 7．(2010·安徽)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ________ they have the interest. A. wherever

　　B. whenever C. even if

　　D. as if 答案與解析：C　句意： 工程師們如此忙碌，以至于他們沒有時間進行戶外體育運動，“即使”他們有這種興趣。as if表示“似乎”，不符合語意。 8．(2010·安徽)Just use this room for the time being, and we'll offer you a larger one ________ it becomes available. A. as soon as

　　B. unless C. as far as

　　D. until 答案與解析：A　句意：暫時先用這個房間，一有稍大的房間，我們就提供給你。此處與句中的for the time being相呼應。 9．(2010·湖南)Tim is in good shape physically ________ he doesn't get much exercise. A. if

　　B. even though C. unless

　　D. as long as 答案與解析：B　even though意為“即使”，引導讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管Tim鍛煉得并不多，但他的身材保持得很好。 10．(2010·北京)________ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As

　　B. While C. Until

　　D. Once 答案與解析：D　once在句中引導條件狀語從句，表示“一旦”。句意：一旦學生決定上哪個大學，他們就應該了解一下入學手續。其他幾項不合題意。 11．(2010·山東)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ________ accompanied by an adult. A. once

　　B. when C. if

　　D. unless 答案與解析：D　句意：校規規定，任何孩子在白天都不允許出校門，除非有大人陪同，所以選unless。 12．(2010·福建)The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. A. before

　　B. until C. as

　　D. since 答案與解析：A　這個女孩剛一(幾乎還沒有)按門鈴，門突然被打開了，她的朋友沖出來迎接她。hardly...before“幾乎還沒有……就……”“剛一……就……”，暗含“快”。 第七節　主從復合句 考點分類突破 考點四十八　關系詞的選擇 【真題再現】 1．(2010·全國Ⅰ)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ________ is named after his grandfather. A. which　

　　B. where C. what

　　D. that

　　答案與解析：A　定語從句在逗號之后，可判斷為非限制性定語從句。先行詞a village school在定語從句中作主語，因此用關系代詞which，故選A項。 2．(2010·重慶)In China, the number of cities is increasing ________ development is recognized across the world. A. where

　　B. which C. whose

　　D. that 答案與解析：C　whose在此引導定語從句，并在從句中作定語，先行詞為cities, whose development相當于the development of the cities。 3．(2010·江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ________ she would stay for an hour. A. where

　　B. who C. which

　　D. what 答案與解析：A　句意：這個女孩被安排與她姐姐一起在培訓中心上鋼琴課，在那兒她愿意待上一個小時。where引導限制性定語從句，修飾at the training centre。 4．(2010·湖南)I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who

　　B. where C. when

　　D. which 答案與解析：A　who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞students。句意：我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結識的同校同學成了好朋友。 5．(2010·天津)—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber's ________ I go. It's only 15. A. as

　　B. which C. where

　　D. that 答案與解析：C　where引導限制性定語從句并在從句中充當地點狀語，定語從句修飾先行詞the barber's，即我去的那個理發店。 6．(2010·北京)Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what

　　B. whose C. which

　　D. that 答案與解析：B　whose引導定語從句，和前面的who引導的定語從句并列，共同修飾先行詞children，并且whose在從句中作定語，修飾diet。 7．(2010·山東)That's the new machine ________ parts are too small to be seen. A. that

　　B. which C. whose

　　D. what 答案與解析：C　代替指物的先行詞the new machine，且在從句中作定語，所以用whose。句意：那是臺新機器，它的零件小得都看不到。 8．(2010·福建)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually. A. that

　　B. where C. which

　　D. whose 答案與解析：B　句意：Stephen Hawking認為地球不可能是唯一的有生命逐漸形成的星球。這是一個由where引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞planet，從句中缺少地點狀語，根據句意，選B項。 9．(2010·四川)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that

　　B. which C. when

　　D. where 答案與解析：B　在此，which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面句子的內容。句意：大學畢業后我抽出 一部分時間去旅游，事實證明這是一個明智的選擇。 10．(2010·陜西)The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. A. where