2024屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺:強(qiáng)化形容詞及副詞
2024屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺專題強(qiáng)化形容詞及副詞
一、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn),其中句型“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as”和“倍數(shù)+more than...”更是常考項(xiàng)目。
1.表示倍數(shù)的5個(gè)句型:
(1)...times as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...
(2)...times
the+性質(zhì)名詞+of...
(3)...times+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than...
(4)...times that of...
(5)...times what it was...
2.同級(jí)的比較,用as...as,the same...as結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.“the+比較級(jí)……,the+比較級(jí)……”表示“越……,越……”。
4.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。
5.“the+比較級(jí)+of the two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“兩者中較……的一個(gè)”。
6.用介詞by表示相差的程度。
7.一個(gè)人的兩種品性的比較,用“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)。
8.“否定詞+比較級(jí)”相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。
9.比較的對(duì)象不能相互包容,注意:
any other+單數(shù)名詞
all(the)other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
比較級(jí)+than+anyone else
any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
the rest of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞
[典例1] (2011年高考江西卷)—The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's________than the films I have ever seen.A.far more interesting
B.much less interesting
C.no more interesting
D.a(chǎn)ny less interesting
[解析] 句意:“我不得不說(shuō),這部電影一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)意思。”“為什么?它比我曾看過(guò)的電影有趣多了。”根據(jù)Why?可知第二句應(yīng)與第一句持相反觀點(diǎn),即“認(rèn)為電影有趣”。而選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)表示有趣。far 用在比較級(jí)前表示程度較大的差異。
[答案] A
[典例2] Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it cost ________his.
A.a(chǎn)s much twice as
B.twice as much as
C.much as twice as
D.a(chǎn)s twice much as
[解析] 本題句意應(yīng)為:彼得的夾克看上去與杰克的相同,但價(jià)格卻是他的兩倍。表達(dá)倍數(shù)可用“倍數(shù)詞+as+adj./adv.+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。
[答案] B
二、形容詞作狀語(yǔ)
形容詞用作狀語(yǔ)在中學(xué)課本中出現(xiàn)過(guò)。
He stood there,full of fear.他站在那兒,充滿了恐懼。
He returned home,safe and sound.他安然無(wú)恙地回到了家。
He went to bed,cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地去睡覺(jué)了。
形容詞作狀語(yǔ)和副詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:
形容詞作狀語(yǔ)是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明句中主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),實(shí)際相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“主+系+表”句子的省略,該形容詞實(shí)際上是句中的表語(yǔ);副詞則是修飾句中動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子的。
He told us the good news,excited.
他把那個(gè)好消息告訴了我們,他非常興奮。
比較:He told us the good news excitedly.
他非常興奮地把那個(gè)好消息告訴了我們。
三、形容詞、副詞的辨析
1.詞形相近的形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析
[典例3] Lots of families once suffering poverty are now living in ________comfort and some of them are even wealthy now.
A.competitive
B.conservative
C.comparative
D.comprehensive
[解析] 本題考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷,此處表示人們生活在“相對(duì)的”安逸中。comparative相對(duì)的;competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的;conservative保守的;comprehensive廣泛的,綜合的。
[答案] C
2.詞義相近的形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析
[典例4] Mistakes don't just happen;they occur for a reason.Find out the reason,and then making the mistake becomes ________.
A.favourable
B.precious
C.essential
D.worthwhile
[解析] worthwhile意為“值得做的,有價(jià)值的”,符合題意。此處意為“犯錯(cuò)誤是值得的”。favourable有利的,贊同的;precious珍貴的;essential本質(zhì)的。
[答案] D
3.形式上易混淆的形容詞和副詞
有些詞尾加ly的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,如friendly,lovely等。有些副詞詞尾加不加ly意義不同,如:deep“深”,指具體概念,deeply“深深地”,指抽象概念;high“高”,指具體概念,highly“高度地”,指抽象概念;wide寬闊地,widely廣泛地;free免費(fèi)地,freely自由地等。
四、特殊比較結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的意義
1.more的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)
more than多于,不僅僅,不只;no more than“僅僅,只是(=only)”,后面接名詞或數(shù)詞;more...than...與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……。
—Tom is wise enough to achieve his success.
—But in my opinion,he is more lucky than wise.
[典例5] —Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes.The job is ________I could do myself.
A.less than
B.more than
C.no more than
D.not more than
[解析] 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷,Lucy需要對(duì)方的幫助,這說(shuō)明以她一個(gè)人的能力不能完成這份工作。因此用more than表示工作難度大。
[答案] B
2.would rather do sth.than do sth./prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“寧愿……不愿……”。
He would rather beg in the street than get money in such a dishonest way.
3.the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)表示“越……越……”。
The more the fans watched the football game,the more excited they became.
4.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)表示“越來(lái)越……”;多音節(jié)則用“more and more+原級(jí)”。
As we were watching the football game,we were becoming more and more excited.
高分秘笈
識(shí)別特殊的形容詞
1.以a開頭的形容詞多作表語(yǔ),若作定語(yǔ),須后置。此類形容詞不用very修飾,但可用其他副詞修飾。
The fish is alive.
He is a great man alive.
2.某些表示健康狀況或感覺(jué)反應(yīng)的形容詞只作表語(yǔ)。如:faint,ill,glad,pleased,sorry,well,content等。
3.下列以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞,不是副詞:lively活潑的;lonely孤獨(dú)的;lovely可愛的;deadly致命的;friendly友好的;ugly丑陋的;silly傻的;motherly慈母般的;brotherly兄弟般的;sickly多病的;likely可能的;kindly關(guān)懷的。如:a sickly child一個(gè)多病的孩子;be likely of success有可能成功;an ugly wound一個(gè)丑陋的傷口;a friendly match一場(chǎng)友誼賽。
1.(2011年高考江西卷)She has already tried her best.Please don't be too ________about her job.
A.special B.responsible
C.unusual
D.particular
解析:句意:她已經(jīng)盡力了,請(qǐng)不要過(guò)分挑剔她的工作。be particular about...“對(duì)……苛求、挑剔”,是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
答案:D
2.(2011年高考陜西卷)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ________ the present one.
A.a(chǎn)s three times big as
B.three times as big as
C.a(chǎn)s big as three times
D.a(chǎn)s big three times as
解析:句意:正在建的下一屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)的新體育館是現(xiàn)在的體育館的3倍大。本題考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的句型,該題中體現(xiàn)的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的句型是:倍數(shù)+as...as...。
答案:B
3.(2011年高考福建卷)Nowadays, there is a________increase in children's creativity,for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A.sharp
B.slight
C.natural
D.modest
解析:句意:現(xiàn)在,孩子的創(chuàng)造力劇增,因?yàn)槲覀兌挤浅9膭?lì)他們發(fā)展自己的天賦。sharp 急劇的;slight 稍微的,極小的;natural 自然的;modest 謙遜的。由語(yǔ)境greatly encouraged (極力鼓勵(lì))可知a sharp increase in children's creativity(孩子的創(chuàng)造力的劇增),故A項(xiàng)正確。
答案:A
4.(2011年高考浙江卷)The professor could tell by the ________ look in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture.
A.cold
B.blank
C.innocent
D.fresh
解析:cold冷的;blank空白的,茫然的;innocent 無(wú)罪的,天真的;fresh 新鮮的。句意:教授能夠從瑪麗亞眼里的茫然表情看出她對(duì)于他的演講一點(diǎn)兒都不懂。表示“茫然的”用blank。
答案:B
5.(2011年高考浙江卷)I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A.finally
B.immediately
C.occasionally
D.certainly
解析:finally 最后,終于;immediately 立即,馬上;occasionally 偶爾;certainly 當(dāng)然。句意:在過(guò)去的兩周里,我偶爾在寫這份報(bào)告,但是明天就必須要上交了。根據(jù)句意和邏輯,此處應(yīng)表示沒(méi)完成之意,所以空格處用occasionally。
答案:C
2024屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺專題強(qiáng)化形容詞及副詞
一、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn),其中句型“倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as”和“倍數(shù)+more than...”更是常考項(xiàng)目。
1.表示倍數(shù)的5個(gè)句型:
(1)...times as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...
(2)...times
the+性質(zhì)名詞+of...
(3)...times+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than...
(4)...times that of...
(5)...times what it was...
2.同級(jí)的比較,用as...as,the same...as結(jié)構(gòu)。
3.“the+比較級(jí)……,the+比較級(jí)……”表示“越……,越……”。
4.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。
5.“the+比較級(jí)+of the two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“兩者中較……的一個(gè)”。
6.用介詞by表示相差的程度。
7.一個(gè)人的兩種品性的比較,用“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)。
8.“否定詞+比較級(jí)”相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。
9.比較的對(duì)象不能相互包容,注意:
any other+單數(shù)名詞
all(the)other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
比較級(jí)+than+anyone else
any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
the rest of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞
[典例1] (2011年高考江西卷)—The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's________than the films I have ever seen.A.far more interesting
B.much less interesting
C.no more interesting
D.a(chǎn)ny less interesting
[解析] 句意:“我不得不說(shuō),這部電影一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)意思。”“為什么?它比我曾看過(guò)的電影有趣多了。”根據(jù)Why?可知第二句應(yīng)與第一句持相反觀點(diǎn),即“認(rèn)為電影有趣”。而選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)表示有趣。far 用在比較級(jí)前表示程度較大的差異。
[答案] A
[典例2] Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it cost ________his.
A.a(chǎn)s much twice as
B.twice as much as
C.much as twice as
D.a(chǎn)s twice much as
[解析] 本題句意應(yīng)為:彼得的夾克看上去與杰克的相同,但價(jià)格卻是他的兩倍。表達(dá)倍數(shù)可用“倍數(shù)詞+as+adj./adv.+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。
[答案] B
二、形容詞作狀語(yǔ)
形容詞用作狀語(yǔ)在中學(xué)課本中出現(xiàn)過(guò)。
He stood there,full of fear.他站在那兒,充滿了恐懼。
He returned home,safe and sound.他安然無(wú)恙地回到了家。
He went to bed,cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地去睡覺(jué)了。
形容詞作狀語(yǔ)和副詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:
形容詞作狀語(yǔ)是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明句中主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),實(shí)際相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“主+系+表”句子的省略,該形容詞實(shí)際上是句中的表語(yǔ);副詞則是修飾句中動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子的。
He told us the good news,excited.
他把那個(gè)好消息告訴了我們,他非常興奮。
比較:He told us the good news excitedly.
他非常興奮地把那個(gè)好消息告訴了我們。
三、形容詞、副詞的辨析
1.詞形相近的形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析
[典例3] Lots of families once suffering poverty are now living in ________comfort and some of them are even wealthy now.
A.competitive
B.conservative
C.comparative
D.comprehensive
[解析] 本題考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷,此處表示人們生活在“相對(duì)的”安逸中。comparative相對(duì)的;competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的;conservative保守的;comprehensive廣泛的,綜合的。
[答案] C
2.詞義相近的形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析
[典例4] Mistakes don't just happen;they occur for a reason.Find out the reason,and then making the mistake becomes ________.
A.favourable
B.precious
C.essential
D.worthwhile
[解析] worthwhile意為“值得做的,有價(jià)值的”,符合題意。此處意為“犯錯(cuò)誤是值得的”。favourable有利的,贊同的;precious珍貴的;essential本質(zhì)的。
[答案] D
3.形式上易混淆的形容詞和副詞
有些詞尾加ly的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,如friendly,lovely等。有些副詞詞尾加不加ly意義不同,如:deep“深”,指具體概念,deeply“深深地”,指抽象概念;high“高”,指具體概念,highly“高度地”,指抽象概念;wide寬闊地,widely廣泛地;free免費(fèi)地,freely自由地等。
四、特殊比較結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的意義
1.more的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)
more than多于,不僅僅,不只;no more than“僅僅,只是(=only)”,后面接名詞或數(shù)詞;more...than...與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……。
—Tom is wise enough to achieve his success.
—But in my opinion,he is more lucky than wise.
[典例5] —Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes.The job is ________I could do myself.
A.less than
B.more than
C.no more than
D.not more than
[解析] 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷,Lucy需要對(duì)方的幫助,這說(shuō)明以她一個(gè)人的能力不能完成這份工作。因此用more than表示工作難度大。
[答案] B
2.would rather do sth.than do sth./prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“寧愿……不愿……”。
He would rather beg in the street than get money in such a dishonest way.
3.the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)表示“越……越……”。
The more the fans watched the football game,the more excited they became.
4.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)表示“越來(lái)越……”;多音節(jié)則用“more and more+原級(jí)”。
As we were watching the football game,we were becoming more and more excited.
高分秘笈
識(shí)別特殊的形容詞
1.以a開頭的形容詞多作表語(yǔ),若作定語(yǔ),須后置。此類形容詞不用very修飾,但可用其他副詞修飾。
The fish is alive.
He is a great man alive.
2.某些表示健康狀況或感覺(jué)反應(yīng)的形容詞只作表語(yǔ)。如:faint,ill,glad,pleased,sorry,well,content等。
3.下列以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞,不是副詞:lively活潑的;lonely孤獨(dú)的;lovely可愛的;deadly致命的;friendly友好的;ugly丑陋的;silly傻的;motherly慈母般的;brotherly兄弟般的;sickly多病的;likely可能的;kindly關(guān)懷的。如:a sickly child一個(gè)多病的孩子;be likely of success有可能成功;an ugly wound一個(gè)丑陋的傷口;a friendly match一場(chǎng)友誼賽。
1.(2011年高考江西卷)She has already tried her best.Please don't be too ________about her job.
A.special B.responsible
C.unusual
D.particular
解析:句意:她已經(jīng)盡力了,請(qǐng)不要過(guò)分挑剔她的工作。be particular about...“對(duì)……苛求、挑剔”,是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
答案:D
2.(2011年高考陜西卷)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ________ the present one.
A.a(chǎn)s three times big as
B.three times as big as
C.a(chǎn)s big as three times
D.a(chǎn)s big three times as
解析:句意:正在建的下一屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)的新體育館是現(xiàn)在的體育館的3倍大。本題考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的句型,該題中體現(xiàn)的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的句型是:倍數(shù)+as...as...。
答案:B
3.(2011年高考福建卷)Nowadays, there is a________increase in children's creativity,for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A.sharp
B.slight
C.natural
D.modest
解析:句意:現(xiàn)在,孩子的創(chuàng)造力劇增,因?yàn)槲覀兌挤浅9膭?lì)他們發(fā)展自己的天賦。sharp 急劇的;slight 稍微的,極小的;natural 自然的;modest 謙遜的。由語(yǔ)境greatly encouraged (極力鼓勵(lì))可知a sharp increase in children's creativity(孩子的創(chuàng)造力的劇增),故A項(xiàng)正確。
答案:A
4.(2011年高考浙江卷)The professor could tell by the ________ look in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture.
A.cold
B.blank
C.innocent
D.fresh
解析:cold冷的;blank空白的,茫然的;innocent 無(wú)罪的,天真的;fresh 新鮮的。句意:教授能夠從瑪麗亞眼里的茫然表情看出她對(duì)于他的演講一點(diǎn)兒都不懂。表示“茫然的”用blank。
答案:B
5.(2011年高考浙江卷)I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A.finally
B.immediately
C.occasionally
D.certainly
解析:finally 最后,終于;immediately 立即,馬上;occasionally 偶爾;certainly 當(dāng)然。句意:在過(guò)去的兩周里,我偶爾在寫這份報(bào)告,但是明天就必須要上交了。根據(jù)句意和邏輯,此處應(yīng)表示沒(méi)完成之意,所以空格處用occasionally。
答案:C