2024山西省長(zhǎng)治市高考英語(yǔ)（二輪）閱讀理解精練（5）

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This inaccurate use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,’’ and ‘‘Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,’’ are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.

　　Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend ‘‘What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, ‘‘It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.

　　8. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?

　　A. Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.

　　B. Free expression of opinions always leads to confusion.

　　C. Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.

　　D. Casual use of the word “opinion” often brings about quarrels.

　　9. According to the author, who of the following would be labeled as intolerant?

　　A. Someone who turns a deaf ear to others’ opinions.

　　B. Someone who can’t put up with others’ tastes.

　　C. Someone who values only their own opinions.

　　D. Someone whose opinion harms other people.

　　10. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.

　　A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brand

　　B. one should not always agree to others’ opinions

　　C. personal tastes are not something to be challenged

　　D. it is unwise to express one’s likes and dislikes in public

　　11. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.

　　A. it is stated by judges in the court

　　B. it reflects public like and dislikes

　　C. it is a result of a lot of controversy

　　D. it is based on careful thought

　　8—11、

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　The fact that life isn’t fair doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do everything in our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we don’t recognize or admit that life isn’t fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, of course, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feel worse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isn’t fair, however, we feel compassion(熱情) for others and for ourselves. And compassion is a heartfelt emotion that delivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking about the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. You may be surprised that it can persuade you out of self-pity and into helpful action.

　　12. The writer thought of his friend’s question as a good one because _______.

　　A. he also wanted to know who held such an opinion

　　B. it made him recall something during his childhood

　　C. like his friend, he also thought life was unfair

　　D. he learned something from the question as a youngster

　　13. Surrendering to the fact that life isn’t fair will ________.

　　A. keep us from making everything perfect B. keep us from doing everything in our power

　　C. make us face unfair treatment bravely

　　D. make us know it’s our duty to perfect things

　　14. The second paragraph of the passage mainly tells us that ________.

　　A. it’s nice to accept the injustice of life

　　B. it’s nice to surrender to the life

　　C. we should not surrender to the life

　　D. we should not feel sorry for everything

　　15. In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact” refers to the fact that _______.

　　A. you should not pity for others

　　B. life isn’t and won’t be fair

　　C. compassion is heartfelt emotion

　　D. pity is a self-defeating emotion

　　12—15、

　　閱讀理解---------C

　　“Who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much．”---- Francis Bacon （1561-1626）

　　It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding．To start with, you need questions．Then, to find answers, you observe the world around you and study the facts．After that you consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones．Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis---- luckily for us．

　　However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day．At that time, people believed more in religion than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei, who proved scientific ideas such as “ the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence．The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge that they had always comfortably believed．They preferred to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of others．In fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe ancient views put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle （384-322BC）．

　　This also shows how people didn’t want to search for their own understanding or educate themselves．And this is still often true today．People feel that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so．But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times．And Galilei too made mistakes．He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle．He was wrong．Therefore our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing．In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say “We know it all．”

　　We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we don’t know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a world without questions．So much of our knowledge and understanding of the world today is due to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of old thoughts in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilization is built upon．These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world．

　　“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them．”----Galileo Galilei （1564-1642）

　　In Bacon and Galileo’s times, people would prefer to ________．

　　A．learn new things by observing the world around themselves

　　B．a(chǎn)cquire knowledge from church or experience of great ancestors

　　C．seek answers to their puzzles from contemporary scientists

　　D．explore knowledge out of facts they saw with their own eyes

　　9．In this passage Bacon and Galileo are mentioned as examples for ________．

　　their great achievements in science

　　B．their ambition to doubt great ancestors

　　C．their revolutionary way of acquiring knowledge

　　D．their preference to believe in themselves rather than others

　　10．What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A．To help the readers learn more about great thinkers in history．

　　To convince the readers of the importance of thinking and discovering．

　　To persuade the readers to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom．

　　To encourage the readers to go against the views of their day．

　　Which of the following is the process the writer suggests to acquire knowledge?

　　A．a(chǎn)sking questions→searching the Internet→ waiting the results→ finding answers

　　B．a(chǎn)cquiring knowledge and understanding→ asking questions→ answering questions

　　C．observing the world→ asking questions→ studying facts→ finding answers→ considering possibilities

　　D．a(chǎn)sking questions→ observing the world→ studying facts→ considering possibilities→ testing and finding answers

　　【參考答案】8—11、BCBD

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.

　　Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk", usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job．In many European countries -- like the UK or France -- people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.

　　Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand．I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled．After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.

　　Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.

　　People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.

　　47．In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to _____.

　　A．develop closer relations

　　B．share the same culture

　　C．get to know each other

　　D．keep each other company

　?。甌he author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that _________.

　　A．the English prefer to make long speeches

　　B．too many words are of no use

　　C．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature

　　D．even talk and silence can be culturally different

　　．According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?

　　A．By sharing different ways of life.

　　B．By accepting different habits.

　　C．By recognizing different values.

　　D．By speaking each other' s languages.

　?。甒hat would be the best title for the text?

　　A．Multicultural Environment.

　　B．Cross-Cultural Differences.

　　C．How to Understand Each Other.

　　D．How to Build Up a Relationship.American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system against infection（感染）. Doctors at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, did the study. The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid（氨基酸）called L-theanine. The scientists say it may increase the strength of gamma delta T cells. That’s the letter T, not the drink. Gamma delta T cells are part of the body’s defenses.

　　First, the researchers mixed some of these cells with antigens（抗原）found in the amino acid. Antigens help the body react to infection. Then the scientists added some bacteria（細(xì)菌）. Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a substance that fights infection. Cells not mixed with the antigens did not produce interferon.

　　In the second part of the study, eleven people drank five to six cups of black tea every day. Ten other people drank the same amount of instant coffee. That is dried coffee mixed with hot water.

　　Two weeks later, and again two weeks after that, the researchers tested the blood of all twenty-one people. They also looked at what happened when they added bacteria to the blood cells. They found that the tea drinkers produced five times more interferon after they started drinking tea. The coffee drinkers did not produce interferon.

　　Doctor Jack Bukowski led the study. He says the antigens added to the gamma delta T cells were responsible for the increased reaction to the bacteria. He says the study also showed that the cells were able to remember the bacteria and fight them again the next time.

　　Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer. Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated with more people. If the findings prove to be true, he says, then tea drinking might also help protect against bacterial infections. He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from tea and used as a drug to strengthen the body’s defenses.

　　1. We may know from the text that ________ can be found in different kinds of tea.

　　A. Gamma delta T cells B. L-theanine

　　C. interferon

　　D. bacteria

　　答案解析：答案為B。本題為推理題。由第一段

　　“The team studied a chemical found in black, green, oolong and pekoe tea. This chemical is an amino acid

　　called L-theanine.” 可知，在black, green, oolong and pekoe tea里面發(fā)現(xiàn)了叫做L-theanine的化學(xué)成分。故答案為B。

　　2. Tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system because it helps ________.

　　A. the body to produce more interferon

　　B. the body to produce more gamma delta T cells

　　C. to add some bacteria to the blood cells

　　D. to mix antigens with some of the cells in the body

　　答案解析：答案為A。本題為推理題。由第二段 “Within twenty-four hours, the cells produced a lot of interferon, a substance that fights infection.” 可知，細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生interferon，它可以抵抗感染，故可推斷，茶能增強(qiáng)身體的抵抗能力因?yàn)樗軒椭眢w產(chǎn)生更多的interferon。故答案為A。

　　3. According to Dr Bukowski, ________.

　　A. the findings of the study have already proved to be true

　　B. he has taken some amino acid L-theanine from tea and made a drug with it

　　C. further study is needed to prove the findings true

　　D. he is not sure whether tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer

　　答案解析：答案為C。本題為推理題。由最后一段首句 “Earlier research already has found that tea can help prevent heart disease and cancer.” 可知，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由該段的后文 “Doctor Bukowski says the new study must be repeated with more people. If the findings prove to be true…”可知，A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)正確。由最后一句 “He says the amino acid L-theanine could be removed from tea and used as a drug to strengthen the body’s defenses.” 可知，Dr Bukowski認(rèn)為可以從茶中提取amino acid L-theanine來(lái)制藥，B選項(xiàng)與文意不符，故錯(cuò)誤。

　　4. What would be the best title for this Text?

　　A. Tea Is Better Than Coffee. B. Tea May Help Fight Infection

　　C. Tea Can Help Prevent Cancer. D. Our Body Needs Tea

　　答案解析：答案為B。全文都是圍繞第一段首句 “American researchers say drinking tea may help strengthen the body’s defense system against infection.” 展開(kāi)，故標(biāo)題為B選項(xiàng)。