Module 4

　　Great Scientists

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1、staple adj 主要的，重要的 staple diet 主食

　　The staple crop is rice.Is coffee stil l the staple product of Brazil?重要農產品

　　staple:

　　n . C

　　主要產品商品Rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy.

　　橡膠成了馬來人經濟的主要產品。2、producer： n. 生產者。

　　導學P-1-2

　　3、leading： adj 主要的首位的, 前列的 leader： n. 領袖，領導人。

　　導學P-2-1

　　She is one of the leading writers of her days. 她是那個時代主要的作家之一She was offered the leading role in the new TV series. 該部新電視劇里他是主角。

　　lead to：把...領/帶到；通向；導致/引起。

　　The waiter led us to our rooms.服務員把我們帶到了我們的房間。All roads lead to Rome.

　　In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results. 一定條件下, 壞事可以導致好的結果。導學P-2-2

　　4、figure：n C (具有某種性格特征或外表的人物。 He was the outstanding political figure of his time.體形keep your figure 保持優美的身材She has a great figure.

　　How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much? 吃那么多咋保持身材的？

　　數字the figure 7 數字7The above figure did not include workers. 上面的數字沒有包括工人figure out：計算出解決It took me hours to figure that question out. 算出想出理解+how/what。

　　Can you figure out how to do? 你能理解/明白怎樣做嗎？

　　導學P-3

　　5、bring up：vt. 培養，培育 嘔吐grow up： vi. 長大，成熟。

　　He left her to bring up three young children on her own.

　　讓她獨自養育三個小孩。

　　提出 Why did you have to bring up the subject of money? 為什么要提出貨幣這個課呢？

　　bring in：賺錢 帶來，引進The sale of the house only brought in about $5000. 賺了5000元。

　　bring out生產制造，使顯露bring down使倒下，減低，使崩潰bring back拿回來歸還，回憶，恢復bring on /upon： 引起，導致 Going out in the rain brought on a fever. 雨天外出導致發燒。

　　6、educate： vt

　　教育訓練, 培養educate by using positive examples ?進行正面教育School teachers educate children.學校的老師教育孩子們。It takes patience to educate children.?

　　He has been educated at college. 接受過大學教育。

　　祖國的有用之材。We must educate the students to become useful people for our motherland. 必須把學生培養成為education：n

　　colleges of education 教育學院lifelong / health education終身健康教育He didn't receive higher education.?他沒有受過高等教育。Tell me something about your education. 說說你的教育背景吧。7、species：n. C

　　(動物或植物的種There are more than 250 species of shark.

　　8、original：adj

　　原來的，最初的 本來的導學P-4

　　The original price of the car was a bit too high.

　　原來 The land was returned to its original owner. 土地還給了原來的主人。

　　n. C 原件，原物，原作I will keep a copy, and give you the original.

　　in the original 原文 I read it in the original.

　　導學P-5

　　9、publish： vt 出版 Her second novel was published in July. 她的第部小說七月就出版了。

　　come out：出版沒有被動語態 A second edition will come out next year. 第二版明年出版。

　　10、sterile：adj (生物不孕育的，不結果實的 This kind of plant is sterile. 此種植物不結果11、breakthrough：n.C 突破make a breakthrough in 在...方面取得了突破。

　　導學P-6

　　Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.

　　12、support：vt 支持供養撐住拖住 supporter：n. 支持/擁護/贊助者。

　　導學P-7

　　Which football team do you support?

　　支持哪個隊？

　　She has a large family to support.

　　她有一大家子要養活。

　　Do you think those shelves can support so many books? 那些架子能承受住那么多書嗎？

　　n. U

　　in support of 支持We are staying away from work in support of our demands.不上班支持訴求

　　n. U 擁護支持 Thank you for all your support.

　　n. C

　　支柱，支撐物the supports of the bridge

　　13、as a result of …：由于的結果導學P-8

　　As a result of the fire, thousands of people lost their homes.

　　result in：

　　導致/引起；以...為結The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

　　result from： 產生于...，由...引起。

　　His illness resulted from eating bad food.

　　as a result：

　　因此14、production：n U 產量Production of iron has increased in the last few weeks.

　　n C (為電視等生產的作品This new theater is becoming known for its good productions.

　　productive：adj 多產的，豐饒的a productive meeting 富有成效的會議。

　　produce： n U農產品The wine bottle was marked “Produce of Spain”.酒瓶上標有“Spain產品”。

　　produce： vt 生產，出產，制/創作。

　　producer：n 生產/制造者；制片人。

　　product： n C 工業產品15、convert： vt 改變，轉換，兌換導學P-9

　　convert sth to /into：(使)轉而變為… Coal can be converted to gas.

　　I want to convert some dollars into pounds.

　　convert： 改變信仰convert (sb from sth) to sth

　　使某人從...改信...。

　　John was converted to Buddhism. 改信佛教。

　　At sixteen he converted to Catholicism. 十六歲時他改信天主教。16、export： vt 出口export sth to sb

　　反義詞：import 進口In 1986 the company exported about 210,000 bottles of wine to the UK.

　　export：n. U 出口。

　　The export of electronic equipment has risen sharply. 電子設備出口大幅上升。

　　出口商品Wheat is one of their chief exports. 小麥是主要的出口產品。

　　17、replace： vt 取代，以代替 把放回原處導學P-10

　　These PCs replace the old system network.

　　這些個人電腦替代了陳舊的系統網絡。

　　He replaced the book on the shelf把放回replace sth with sth：以代替They are replacing the old windows with double glazing.雙層玻璃窗

　　18、quantity：n. C/U 數量quantities

　　a (large/great) quantity of

　　/ (large/great) quantities of + n. C/U 一些(許多/ 大量)。

　　He bought a large quantity of books.

　　She has quantities of good clothes.

　　in quantity / in large quantities / in large amounts：大量地It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.

　　如果大量購買會便宜許多。

　　19、quality： n. C/U

　　質量The higher the price the better the quality. 價格越高質量越好。

　　high quality：高質量的，優質的These are leather goods of high quality. 高質量的皮革制品。quality of life：基本生活條件/生活質量。People today enjoy a better quality of life.生活質量比過去好。quality： n.C

　　品德You need special personal qualities to work as a nurse. 需要特殊的個人品質。

　　20、be known/well-known for ---be famous for

　　導學P-1

　　be known/well-known as----- be famous as

　　be known/well-known to

　　21、diagnose： vt 診斷 be diagnosed with

　　被診斷患有......病。

　　Unfortunately the little girl was be diagnosed with cancer.

　　22、brilliant:

　　adj. 職明/穎的；有才能的/才華橫溢的。 A brilliant idea hit her. 她突然想到一個妙計。He was quite brilliant and was promoted almost at once. 他才華橫溢，立刻得到了提升。

　　career： n.C 生涯，終身事業。

　　career as an English teacher didn’t last long.

　　job： 有報酬的工作work： 任何努力工作完成的事24、brief： adj 簡短的，簡潔的A brief note of thanks 一封簡短be brief 長話短說Please be brief because I am in a hurry. 長話短說To be brief簡言之To be brief, I agree. 一句話，我贊成。In brief = in short =in a word 簡言之 a report in brief

　　In brief, Tom is a lazy boy. 簡而言之, 湯姆是個懶孩子。25、partly:

　　adv. 部分地；在一定程度上。

　　導學P-4

　　26、physical： adj 身體的 physically： adv身體/體格上。

　　physical exercise 體育運動，身體鍛煉。

　　physical conditions 物質/物理狀態。

　　physical examination身體27、graduate： vi 畢業graduate from從...畢業。He graduated from high school last year. 去年高中畢業。

　　graduate：n.C 畢業生a high school graduate

　　一位高中畢業生。

　　graduation：n. 畢業graduation day

　　28、personal：adj 個人的May I ask you a personal question?

　　導學P-5

　　personally:

　　adv 親自地；就個人而言，就人而論。

　　Personally, I don’t think much of the idea.

　　就個人而言，我并不看重/好這個想法。

　　personality： n. 個性，性格She has a powerful personality. 她有堅強的個性。she had a sunny personality that was very engaging. 她個性陽光，頗具魅力。His personality is in good taste. 他的品格很高尚。’s living:

　　謀生。

　　導學P-6

　　30、come to power:

　　掌權。

　　導學P-7

　　31、explode:

　　vt/vi. (使)爆炸激增,迅速擴大(情緒等)爆發, 發怒The bomb exploded. 炸彈爆炸了。

　　The population was still exploding. 人口仍在迅猛增長。

　　He can explode with anger.

　　Module 4

　　Great Scientists

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1、staple adj 主要的，重要的 staple diet 主食

　　The staple crop is rice.Is coffee stil l the staple product of Brazil?重要農產品

　　staple:

　　n . C

　　主要產品商品Rubber became the staple of the Malayan economy.

　　橡膠成了馬來人經濟的主要產品。2、producer： n. 生產者。

　　導學P-1-2

　　3、leading： adj 主要的首位的, 前列的 leader： n. 領袖，領導人。

　　導學P-2-1

　　She is one of the leading writers of her days. 她是那個時代主要的作家之一She was offered the leading role in the new TV series. 該部新電視劇里他是主角。

　　lead to：把...領/帶到；通向；導致/引起。

　　The waiter led us to our rooms.服務員把我們帶到了我們的房間。All roads lead to Rome.

　　In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results. 一定條件下, 壞事可以導致好的結果。導學P-2-2

　　4、figure：n C (具有某種性格特征或外表的人物。 He was the outstanding political figure of his time.體形keep your figure 保持優美的身材She has a great figure.

　　How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much? 吃那么多咋保持身材的？

　　數字the figure 7 數字7The above figure did not include workers. 上面的數字沒有包括工人figure out：計算出解決It took me hours to figure that question out. 算出想出理解+how/what。

　　Can you figure out how to do? 你能理解/明白怎樣做嗎？

　　導學P-3

　　5、bring up：vt. 培養，培育 嘔吐grow up： vi. 長大，成熟。

　　He left her to bring up three young children on her own.

　　讓她獨自養育三個小孩。

　　提出 Why did you have to bring up the subject of money? 為什么要提出貨幣這個課呢？

　　bring in：賺錢 帶來，引進The sale of the house only brought in about $5000. 賺了5000元。

　　bring out生產制造，使顯露bring down使倒下，減低，使崩潰bring back拿回來歸還，回憶，恢復bring on /upon： 引起，導致 Going out in the rain brought on a fever. 雨天外出導致發燒。

　　6、educate： vt

　　教育訓練, 培養educate by using positive examples ?進行正面教育School teachers educate children.學校的老師教育孩子們。It takes patience to educate children.?

　　He has been educated at college. 接受過大學教育。

　　祖國的有用之材。We must educate the students to become useful people for our motherland. 必須把學生培養成為education：n

　　colleges of education 教育學院lifelong / health education終身健康教育He didn't receive higher education.?他沒有受過高等教育。Tell me something about your education. 說說你的教育背景吧。7、species：n. C

　　(動物或植物的種There are more than 250 species of shark.

　　8、original：adj

　　原來的，最初的 本來的導學P-4

　　The original price of the car was a bit too high.

　　原來 The land was returned to its original owner. 土地還給了原來的主人。

　　n. C 原件，原物，原作I will keep a copy, and give you the original.

　　in the original 原文 I read it in the original.

　　導學P-5

　　9、publish： vt 出版 Her second novel was published in July. 她的第部小說七月就出版了。

　　come out：出版沒有被動語態 A second edition will come out next year. 第二版明年出版。

　　10、sterile：adj (生物不孕育的，不結果實的 This kind of plant is sterile. 此種植物不結果11、breakthrough：n.C 突破make a breakthrough in 在...方面取得了突破。

　　導學P-6

　　Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.

　　12、support：vt 支持供養撐住拖住 supporter：n. 支持/擁護/贊助者。

　　導學P-7

　　Which football team do you support?

　　支持哪個隊？

　　She has a large family to support.

　　她有一大家子要養活。

　　Do you think those shelves can support so many books? 那些架子能承受住那么多書嗎？

　　n. U

　　in support of 支持We are staying away from work in support of our demands.不上班支持訴求

　　n. U 擁護支持 Thank you for all your support.

　　n. C

　　支柱，支撐物the supports of the bridge

　　13、as a result of …：由于的結果導學P-8

　　As a result of the fire, thousands of people lost their homes.

　　result in：

　　導致/引起；以...為結The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

　　result from： 產生于...，由...引起。

　　His illness resulted from eating bad food.

　　as a result：

　　因此14、production：n U 產量Production of iron has increased in the last few weeks.

　　n C (為電視等生產的作品This new theater is becoming known for its good productions.

　　productive：adj 多產的，豐饒的a productive meeting 富有成效的會議。

　　produce： n U農產品The wine bottle was marked “Produce of Spain”.酒瓶上標有“Spain產品”。

　　produce： vt 生產，出產，制/創作。

　　producer：n 生產/制造者；制片人。

　　product： n C 工業產品15、convert： vt 改變，轉換，兌換導學P-9

　　convert sth to /into：(使)轉而變為… Coal can be converted to gas.

　　I want to convert some dollars into pounds.

　　convert： 改變信仰convert (sb from sth) to sth

　　使某人從...改信...。

　　John was converted to Buddhism. 改信佛教。

　　At sixteen he converted to Catholicism. 十六歲時他改信天主教。16、export： vt 出口export sth to sb

　　反義詞：import 進口In 1986 the company exported about 210,000 bottles of wine to the UK.

　　export：n. U 出口。

　　The export of electronic equipment has risen sharply. 電子設備出口大幅上升。

　　出口商品Wheat is one of their chief exports. 小麥是主要的出口產品。

　　17、replace： vt 取代，以代替 把放回原處導學P-10

　　These PCs replace the old system network.

　　這些個人電腦替代了陳舊的系統網絡。

　　He replaced the book on the shelf把放回replace sth with sth：以代替They are replacing the old windows with double glazing.雙層玻璃窗

　　18、quantity：n. C/U 數量quantities

　　a (large/great) quantity of

　　/ (large/great) quantities of + n. C/U 一些(許多/ 大量)。

　　He bought a large quantity of books.

　　She has quantities of good clothes.

　　in quantity / in large quantities / in large amounts：大量地It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.

　　如果大量購買會便宜許多。

　　19、quality： n. C/U

　　質量The higher the price the better the quality. 價格越高質量越好。

　　high quality：高質量的，優質的These are leather goods of high quality. 高質量的皮革制品。quality of life：基本生活條件/生活質量。People today enjoy a better quality of life.生活質量比過去好。quality： n.C

　　品德You need special personal qualities to work as a nurse. 需要特殊的個人品質。

　　20、be known/well-known for ---be famous for

　　導學P-1

　　be known/well-known as----- be famous as

　　be known/well-known to

　　21、diagnose： vt 診斷 be diagnosed with

　　被診斷患有......病。

　　Unfortunately the little girl was be diagnosed with cancer.

　　22、brilliant:

　　adj. 職明/穎的；有才能的/才華橫溢的。 A brilliant idea hit her. 她突然想到一個妙計。He was quite brilliant and was promoted almost at once. 他才華橫溢，立刻得到了提升。

　　career： n.C 生涯，終身事業。

　　career as an English teacher didn’t last long.

　　job： 有報酬的工作work： 任何努力工作完成的事24、brief： adj 簡短的，簡潔的A brief note of thanks 一封簡短be brief 長話短說Please be brief because I am in a hurry. 長話短說To be brief簡言之To be brief, I agree. 一句話，我贊成。In brief = in short =in a word 簡言之 a report in brief

　　In brief, Tom is a lazy boy. 簡而言之, 湯姆是個懶孩子。25、partly:

　　adv. 部分地；在一定程度上。

　　導學P-4

　　26、physical： adj 身體的 physically： adv身體/體格上。

　　physical exercise 體育運動，身體鍛煉。

　　physical conditions 物質/物理狀態。

　　physical examination身體27、graduate： vi 畢業graduate from從...畢業。He graduated from high school last year. 去年高中畢業。

　　graduate：n.C 畢業生a high school graduate

　　一位高中畢業生。

　　graduation：n. 畢業graduation day

　　28、personal：adj 個人的May I ask you a personal question?

　　導學P-5

　　personally:

　　adv 親自地；就個人而言，就人而論。

　　Personally, I don’t think much of the idea.

　　就個人而言，我并不看重/好這個想法。

　　personality： n. 個性，性格She has a powerful personality. 她有堅強的個性。she had a sunny personality that was very engaging. 她個性陽光，頗具魅力。His personality is in good taste. 他的品格很高尚。’s living:

　　謀生。

　　導學P-6

　　30、come to power:

　　掌權。

　　導學P-7

　　31、explode:

　　vt/vi. (使)爆炸激增,迅速擴大(情緒等)爆發, 發怒The bomb exploded. 炸彈爆炸了。

　　The population was still exploding. 人口仍在迅猛增長。

　　He can explode with anger.