《閱讀理解特訓(xùn)：3真2模含解析》2024屆高三英語二輪突破19

　　C8 [2024·山東卷]

　　C

　　You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain－sensing umbrella.

　　The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(傘篷)built into a street lamp，” he said.

　　The Lampbrella is a standard－looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built－in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(傳感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

　　In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

　　According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安裝) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

　　While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

　　66. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?

　　A. To predict a heavy rain.

　　B. To check the weather forecast.

　　C. To protect people from the rain.

　　D. To remind people to take an umbrella.

　　67．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?

　　A. His creation was inspired by an experience.

　　B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.

　　C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.

　　D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.

　　68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?

　　A. motor→canopy→sensors

　　B. sensors→motor→canopy

　　C. motor→sensors→canopy

　　D. canopy→motor→sensors

　　69．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?

　　A. Its moving speed.

　　B. Its appearance.

　　C. Its installation.

　　D. Its safety.

　　70．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A. The designer will open a company to promote his product.

　　B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.

　　C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.

　　D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.

　　【要點(diǎn)綜述】 這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹設(shè)計(jì)師Mikhail Belyaev設(shè)計(jì)的Lampbrella，它能給街道上的人們遮雨。雖然這一設(shè)計(jì)還沒有實(shí)施，但是Mikhail Belyaev卻對自己的設(shè)計(jì)很自信。

　　66．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第一段的“But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella…”可知Mikhail Belyaev設(shè)計(jì)Lampbrella是為了給街道上的人們遮雨的。

　　67．A　考查推理判斷。從Mikhail Belyaev 說的話“I was driving…and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”可知，他的創(chuàng)意靈感來自他的一次生活體驗(yàn)。故選A。

　　68．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第三段的內(nèi)容可找到答案，Lampbrella工作的過程是先通過傳感器(sensors)，傳到發(fā)動機(jī)(motor)，再到傘篷(canopy)打開。故選B。

　　69．D　考查主旨大意。從本段的“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”和“Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可知該段是講Lampbrella的安全性。

　　70．C　考查推理判斷。從本段Mikhail Belyaev說的話看出他對自己的設(shè)計(jì)很自信。故選C。

　　C8 [2024·四川卷]

　　E

　　Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

　　Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

　　Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

　　The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”

　　To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.

　　“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.

　　“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

　　47．What is the finding of the study?

　　A. One's heart affects how he feels fear.

　　B. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.

　　C. Fear has something to do with one's health.

　　D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

　　48．The study was carried out by analyzing

　　________.

　　A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

　　B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

　　C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

　　D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart－brain communication

　　49．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

　　A. Order.

　　B. System.

　　C. Machine.

　　D. Treatment.

　　50．This study may contribute to

　　________．

　　A. treating anxiety and stress better

　　B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

　　C. finding the key to the heart－brain communication

　　D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

　　【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了人的恐懼與心臟和大腦的關(guān)系。

　　47．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段 “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.” 可知一個(gè)人的心臟影響一個(gè)人的恐懼程度。故選A。

　　48．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.”以及第五段“To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.”可知選C。

　　49．B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear”可知，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)重要的機(jī)制，使心臟和大腦“對話”，以此來改變我們的感情和減少恐懼。故選B。

　　50．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“…we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可推出選A。

　　C8 [2024·天津卷]

　　B

　　Last night's meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.

　　“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”

　　Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.

　　There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (遷徙的)birds.According to the International Dark－Sky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

　　Countless more animal casualties(傷亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.

　　Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.

　　41．It happened last night that

　　________．

　　A. the city's lights affected the meteor watching

　　B．the meteors flew past before being noticed

　　C．the city light show attracted many people

　　D．the meteor watching ended up a social outing

　　42．What do the astronomers complain about?

　　A．Meteor showers occur less often than before.

　　B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair.

　　C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.

　　D．Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.

　　43．What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?

　　A. Birds may take other migration paths.

　　B．Animals' living habits may change suddenly.

　　C．Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.

　　D．Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.

　　44．Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to________．

　　A．lessen the chance of getting cancer

　　B．create an ideal observation condition

　　C．ensure citizens a good sleep at night

　　D．enable all creatures to live in harmony

　　45．What message does the author most want to give us?

　　A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.

　　B．Great efforts should be made to save energy.

　　C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly.

　　D．New equipment should be introduced for space study.

　　【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文是一篇科普文。主要介紹了城市的光污染對日常生活、天文學(xué)家的工作以及動物的生活都產(chǎn)生了消極的影響。在Flagstaff，Arizona已經(jīng)采取了燈光管理措施。

　　41．A　 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“…so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的燈光太亮，影響了人們觀看流星。故選A。

　　42．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“…h(huán)ave been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from…”可知，天文學(xué)家多年來一直在抱怨光污染問題未解決。故選C。

　　43．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“… that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“… 100 million birds a year throughout … die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，第四段作者主要敘述的是動物也受到了光污染的影響，甚至它們的生存也受到了影響。故選D。

　　44．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“…h(huán)as enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at…”可知，這條規(guī)定是為了給天文學(xué)家的工作創(chuàng)造理想的觀察條件。故選B。

　　45．C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)整篇文章的敘述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染對生活、工作以及動物造成的影響，因此作者在文中呼吁我們?nèi)祟惖幕顒討?yīng)該對環(huán)境有利。故選C。

　　《閱讀理解特訓(xùn)：3真2模含解析》2024屆高三英語二輪突破19

　　C8 [2024·山東卷]

　　C

　　You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain－sensing umbrella.

　　The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(傘篷)built into a street lamp，” he said.

　　The Lampbrella is a standard－looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built－in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(傳感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

　　In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

　　According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安裝) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

　　While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

　　66. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?

　　A. To predict a heavy rain.

　　B. To check the weather forecast.

　　C. To protect people from the rain.

　　D. To remind people to take an umbrella.

　　67．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?

　　A. His creation was inspired by an experience.

　　B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.

　　C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.

　　D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.

　　68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?

　　A. motor→canopy→sensors

　　B. sensors→motor→canopy

　　C. motor→sensors→canopy

　　D. canopy→motor→sensors

　　69．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?

　　A. Its moving speed.

　　B. Its appearance.

　　C. Its installation.

　　D. Its safety.

　　70．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A. The designer will open a company to promote his product.

　　B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.

　　C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.

　　D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.

　　【要點(diǎn)綜述】 這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹設(shè)計(jì)師Mikhail Belyaev設(shè)計(jì)的Lampbrella，它能給街道上的人們遮雨。雖然這一設(shè)計(jì)還沒有實(shí)施，但是Mikhail Belyaev卻對自己的設(shè)計(jì)很自信。

　　66．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第一段的“But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella…”可知Mikhail Belyaev設(shè)計(jì)Lampbrella是為了給街道上的人們遮雨的。

　　67．A　考查推理判斷。從Mikhail Belyaev 說的話“I was driving…and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”可知，他的創(chuàng)意靈感來自他的一次生活體驗(yàn)。故選A。

　　68．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第三段的內(nèi)容可找到答案，Lampbrella工作的過程是先通過傳感器(sensors)，傳到發(fā)動機(jī)(motor)，再到傘篷(canopy)打開。故選B。

　　69．D　考查主旨大意。從本段的“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”和“Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可知該段是講Lampbrella的安全性。

　　70．C　考查推理判斷。從本段Mikhail Belyaev說的話看出他對自己的設(shè)計(jì)很自信。故選C。

　　C8 [2024·四川卷]

　　E

　　Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

　　Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

　　Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

　　The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”

　　To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.

　　“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.

　　“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

　　47．What is the finding of the study?

　　A. One's heart affects how he feels fear.

　　B. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.

　　C. Fear has something to do with one's health.

　　D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

　　48．The study was carried out by analyzing

　　________.

　　A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

　　B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

　　C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

　　D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart－brain communication

　　49．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

　　A. Order.

　　B. System.

　　C. Machine.

　　D. Treatment.

　　50．This study may contribute to

　　________．

　　A. treating anxiety and stress better

　　B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

　　C. finding the key to the heart－brain communication

　　D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

　　【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了人的恐懼與心臟和大腦的關(guān)系。

　　47．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段 “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.” 可知一個(gè)人的心臟影響一個(gè)人的恐懼程度。故選A。

　　48．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.”以及第五段“To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.”可知選C。

　　49．B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear”可知，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)重要的機(jī)制，使心臟和大腦“對話”，以此來改變我們的感情和減少恐懼。故選B。

　　50．A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“…we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可推出選A。

　　C8 [2024·天津卷]

　　B

　　Last night's meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.

　　“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”

　　Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.

　　There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (遷徙的)birds.According to the International Dark－Sky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

　　Countless more animal casualties(傷亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.

　　Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.

　　41．It happened last night that

　　________．

　　A. the city's lights affected the meteor watching

　　B．the meteors flew past before being noticed

　　C．the city light show attracted many people

　　D．the meteor watching ended up a social outing

　　42．What do the astronomers complain about?

　　A．Meteor showers occur less often than before.

　　B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair.

　　C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.

　　D．Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.

　　43．What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?

　　A. Birds may take other migration paths.

　　B．Animals' living habits may change suddenly.

　　C．Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.

　　D．Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.

　　44．Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to________．

　　A．lessen the chance of getting cancer

　　B．create an ideal observation condition

　　C．ensure citizens a good sleep at night

　　D．enable all creatures to live in harmony

　　45．What message does the author most want to give us?

　　A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.

　　B．Great efforts should be made to save energy.

　　C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly.

　　D．New equipment should be introduced for space study.

　　【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文是一篇科普文。主要介紹了城市的光污染對日常生活、天文學(xué)家的工作以及動物的生活都產(chǎn)生了消極的影響。在Flagstaff，Arizona已經(jīng)采取了燈光管理措施。

　　41．A　 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“…so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的燈光太亮，影響了人們觀看流星。故選A。

　　42．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“…h(huán)ave been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from…”可知，天文學(xué)家多年來一直在抱怨光污染問題未解決。故選C。

　　43．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“… that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.”以及本段最后一句“… 100 million birds a year throughout … die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”可知，第四段作者主要敘述的是動物也受到了光污染的影響，甚至它們的生存也受到了影響。故選D。

　　44．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“…h(huán)as enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at…”可知，這條規(guī)定是為了給天文學(xué)家的工作創(chuàng)造理想的觀察條件。故選B。

　　45．C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)整篇文章的敘述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染對生活、工作以及動物造成的影響，因此作者在文中呼吁我們?nèi)祟惖幕顒討?yīng)該對環(huán)境有利。故選C。