由于托福聽(tīng)力考試要求的特殊性，與雅思的聽(tīng)力考試不同，托福考生不能通過(guò)預(yù)覽聽(tīng)力考題來(lái)對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中的重要內(nèi)容作一個(gè)預(yù)先判斷，故而，掌握如何在托福聽(tīng)力材料中定位重要信息的能力對(duì)于托福考生來(lái)說(shuō)顯得至關(guān)重要。

除了聽(tīng)力中幾乎百發(fā)百中的轉(zhuǎn)折原則外，問(wèn)答原則也是在聽(tīng)力材料中定位出題信息的一個(gè)重要原則。無(wú)論是在對(duì)話還是講座當(dāng)中，問(wèn)答情境的出現(xiàn)通常都是對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中涉及的重要問(wèn)題的明確與深入探討，對(duì)于問(wèn)題的回答往往就是對(duì)聽(tīng)力主線內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡釋說(shuō)明，故而一問(wèn)一答的內(nèi)容往往就是出題點(diǎn)所在，此部分的信息是考生解題的重要線索與依據(jù)，需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。

下面將以TPO真題中的具體實(shí)例說(shuō)明問(wèn)答原則如何能夠幫助考生在托福聽(tīng)力中定位重點(diǎn)出題信息。

Conversation篇

托福聽(tīng)力中conversation涉及的主要是學(xué)生求助他人解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題或授課內(nèi)容疑難點(diǎn)的場(chǎng)景，問(wèn)答原則在對(duì)話中的主要體現(xiàn)在于一、明確學(xué)生的主要問(wèn)題 --- conversation必考的主旨題往往是在學(xué)生與教授或工作人員的問(wèn)答中得以體現(xiàn)，其中：對(duì)話的目的主旨往往直接就是學(xué)生的問(wèn)題所在，對(duì)話的大意主旨也都是在對(duì)話雙方的不斷應(yīng)答中得以揭示的;以及二、探討、解決問(wèn)題過(guò)程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)與步驟，在對(duì)話中基于不同問(wèn)題或疑惑的解答往往是涉及對(duì)話主線的重要信息，通常在聽(tīng)力中會(huì)以細(xì)節(jié)題的形式進(jìn)行考察。

例1： TPO6 Conversation1當(dāng)中，學(xué)生因不明確校園招聘會(huì)具體面向什么學(xué)生群體而特意前去咨詢，此處涉及的是對(duì)對(duì)話目的主旨的考察。

TPO-6 Conversation-1

Narrator

Listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the universitys

career services office.

Student

Hi, do you have a minute?

Employee

Sure, how can I help you?

Student

I have a couple of questions about the career fair next week.

Employee

OK, shoot.

Student

Um ...well, are seniors the only ones who can go? I mean, you know, they are

finishing school this year and getting their degrees and everything. And, well, it

seems like businesses would wanna talk to them and not first year students

like me.

Employee

No, no, the career fair is opened to all our students and we encourage anyone

whos interested to go check it out.

1. Why does the student go to the career services office?

● to confirm the date and time of the career fair

● to learn the location of the career fair

● to find out he is allowed to attend the career fair

● to get advice about interviewing at the career fair

例2： TPO8 Conversation1當(dāng)中，學(xué)生去辦理學(xué)位證，但因不明白辦理的具體要求，學(xué)生遇到了一些麻煩。

TPO-8 Conversation-1

Stu

Hi, Id like to drop of my graduation form; I understand you need this in order to process my diploma.

Reg

Ok, I will take that. Before you leave, lets me check our computer. Looks like you are OK for graduation, and actually, I am getting a warning fly on your academic record here.

Stu

Really?

Reg

Yeah. Lets see was what. Are you familiar with your graduation requirements?

Stu

Yes, I think so

Reg

Then you know you need 48 credits in your major field to graduate and at least 24 credits in the intermediate level or higher. Also, after your second year, you have to meet with your department chair to outline a plan for the rest of your time here.(Q2) In the past, we also issue letters before students final year began to let them know what they needed to take in the final year to be OK, but we dont do that anymore.

Stu

I definitely met with my chair person 2 years ago; he told me that I need 8 more courses at the intermediate level or higher in the last 2 years to be OK. So I am not sure what the problem is, I make sure I got these credits.

2.According to the registrar, what step is currently taken to ensure that students fulfill their graduation requirements?

●Academic records are regularly checked by the registrars office

●Students meet with a department chairperson to plan their course work

●Students receive letters listing the courses that they still need to take

●Warning letters are sent to students who have fallen behind in their course work

例3： TPO14 Conversation2當(dāng)中，學(xué)生想轉(zhuǎn)資訊專業(yè)，老師向其解釋學(xué)校并沒(méi)有設(shè)置資訊專業(yè)，且就讀資訊專業(yè)并不是要成為記者的必要條件。

Student:

Yeah anyway, I am glad you schedule this meeting because I want to change my

major to journalism now.

Advisor:

Um，the university doesnt offer a major in journalism.

Student:

Oh no

Advisor:

But.

Student:

I I mean should I transfer to another school, or major in English?

Advisor:

Er wait a minute. Let me explain why the major isnt offered. Editors at newspapers editors um I mean when you apply for a reporting job, editors look

at the two things(Q2)--- they want to see clips, you know, some of your published articles(Q3), though also want you to try out, though give you an assignment like covering press conferences of some other event, then see if you can craft the story about it, accurately, on dead line(Q3).

3. According to advisor, how do newspaper editors evaluate an applicant for a

reporting position?

Clickon 2 answers.

They ask the applicant to present ideas for news stories.

They ask the applicant to write a news story.

They review the applicants university course work.

They review a sample of the applicants published articles.

Lecture篇

在以答疑解惑為邏輯主線的lecture當(dāng)中，問(wèn)答原則的作用顯得尤為突出。無(wú)論是在討論型還是獨(dú)白型的lecture當(dāng)中，問(wèn)答情境出現(xiàn)的地方往往都是涉及課程主題重難點(diǎn)的重要信息，通常是老師針對(duì)學(xué)生的疑問(wèn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡明的情境，因這些重要的概念與說(shuō)明往往圍繞上課主線展開(kāi)，故而也都是出題點(diǎn)密集分布的精華部分。

例1: TPO6 Lecture1 教授詢問(wèn)學(xué)生是否知道郁金香的原產(chǎn)地，在學(xué)生回答錯(cuò)誤之后，最終給出了正確的答案。

TPO-6 Lecture-1

Professor

Exactly. For instance, do you have any idea where tulips are from? Originally I

mean.

Student

Well, the Netherlands, right?

Professor

Thats what most people think, but no. They are not native to the Netherlands,

or even Europe. Tulips actually hail from an area that Chinese call the Celestial

Mountains in Central Asia.

8. According to the professor,where did tulips originate

● the mountains of central Asia

● the region around Istanbul in Turkey

● the sandy soils of the Netherlands

● the forests of northern Europe

例2： TPO6 Lecture4學(xué)生因?qū)淌诘囊惶幫评磉^(guò)程有疑，教授在解答學(xué)生疑問(wèn)的過(guò)程中，列舉了三個(gè)使推理成立的重要依據(jù)。

TPO-6 Lecture-4

Student

But how is that proved that the Sahara used to be a lot wetter? I mean the

people who painted those hippos, well, couldnt they have seen them on their

travels?

Professor

Okay, in principal they could, Karl. But the rock paintings arent the only

evidence. Beneath the Sahara are huge aquifers, basically a sea of fresh

water, thats perhaps a million years old filtered through rock layers.

Anderand then there is fossilized pollen, from low shrubs and grasses that

once grew in the Sahara. In fact these plants still grow, erbut hundreds of

miles away, in more vegetated areas. Anyway, its this fossilized pollen along

with the aquifers and the rock paintings, these three things are all evidence

that the Sahara was once much greener than it is today(Q13), that there were hippos

and probably elephants and giraffes and so on.

13.Not long ago, the Sahara had a different climate. What evidence does the professor mention to support this(3)

● Ancient pollen

● Bones from large animals

● Rock paintings

● Agriculture in ancient Egypt

● Underground water

例3： TPO15 Lecture4教授在課上解釋一本看起來(lái)平凡無(wú)奇的書(shū)在拍賣會(huì)上拍得天價(jià)的真實(shí)原因。

TPO-15 Lecture-3

Professor

But in 1998, a book of prayers from the Middle Ages(Q9) sold in an art auction for a lot of

money, more money than anyone would pay for a damaged book from the 12th century. Beautiful or not, why? It had been discovered that the book was a palimpsest, and beneath the surface writing on the manual script laid, guess what? Mathematical theorems and diagrams from Archimedes(Q9)

9. What type of book became known as the Archimedes palimpsest?

A history book.

A physics book.

A prayer book.

An artists book.

由于托福聽(tīng)力考試要求的特殊性，與雅思的聽(tīng)力考試不同，托福考生不能通過(guò)預(yù)覽聽(tīng)力考題來(lái)對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中的重要內(nèi)容作一個(gè)預(yù)先判斷，故而，掌握如何在托福聽(tīng)力材料中定位重要信息的能力對(duì)于托福考生來(lái)說(shuō)顯得至關(guān)重要。

除了聽(tīng)力中幾乎百發(fā)百中的轉(zhuǎn)折原則外，問(wèn)答原則也是在聽(tīng)力材料中定位出題信息的一個(gè)重要原則。無(wú)論是在對(duì)話還是講座當(dāng)中，問(wèn)答情境的出現(xiàn)通常都是對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料中涉及的重要問(wèn)題的明確與深入探討，對(duì)于問(wèn)題的回答往往就是對(duì)聽(tīng)力主線內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡釋說(shuō)明，故而一問(wèn)一答的內(nèi)容往往就是出題點(diǎn)所在，此部分的信息是考生解題的重要線索與依據(jù)，需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。

下面將以TPO真題中的具體實(shí)例說(shuō)明問(wèn)答原則如何能夠幫助考生在托福聽(tīng)力中定位重點(diǎn)出題信息。

Conversation篇

托福聽(tīng)力中conversation涉及的主要是學(xué)生求助他人解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題或授課內(nèi)容疑難點(diǎn)的場(chǎng)景，問(wèn)答原則在對(duì)話中的主要體現(xiàn)在于一、明確學(xué)生的主要問(wèn)題 --- conversation必考的主旨題往往是在學(xué)生與教授或工作人員的問(wèn)答中得以體現(xiàn)，其中：對(duì)話的目的主旨往往直接就是學(xué)生的問(wèn)題所在，對(duì)話的大意主旨也都是在對(duì)話雙方的不斷應(yīng)答中得以揭示的;以及二、探討、解決問(wèn)題過(guò)程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)與步驟，在對(duì)話中基于不同問(wèn)題或疑惑的解答往往是涉及對(duì)話主線的重要信息，通常在聽(tīng)力中會(huì)以細(xì)節(jié)題的形式進(jìn)行考察。

例1： TPO6 Conversation1當(dāng)中，學(xué)生因不明確校園招聘會(huì)具體面向什么學(xué)生群體而特意前去咨詢，此處涉及的是對(duì)對(duì)話目的主旨的考察。

TPO-6 Conversation-1

Narrator

Listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the universitys

career services office.

Student

Hi, do you have a minute?

Employee

Sure, how can I help you?

Student

I have a couple of questions about the career fair next week.

Employee

OK, shoot.

Student

Um ...well, are seniors the only ones who can go? I mean, you know, they are

finishing school this year and getting their degrees and everything. And, well, it

seems like businesses would wanna talk to them and not first year students

like me.

Employee

No, no, the career fair is opened to all our students and we encourage anyone

whos interested to go check it out.

1. Why does the student go to the career services office?

● to confirm the date and time of the career fair

● to learn the location of the career fair

● to find out he is allowed to attend the career fair

● to get advice about interviewing at the career fair

例2： TPO8 Conversation1當(dāng)中，學(xué)生去辦理學(xué)位證，但因不明白辦理的具體要求，學(xué)生遇到了一些麻煩。

TPO-8 Conversation-1

Stu

Hi, Id like to drop of my graduation form; I understand you need this in order to process my diploma.

Reg

Ok, I will take that. Before you leave, lets me check our computer. Looks like you are OK for graduation, and actually, I am getting a warning fly on your academic record here.

Stu

Really?

Reg

Yeah. Lets see was what. Are you familiar with your graduation requirements?

Stu

Yes, I think so

Reg

Then you know you need 48 credits in your major field to graduate and at least 24 credits in the intermediate level or higher. Also, after your second year, you have to meet with your department chair to outline a plan for the rest of your time here.(Q2) In the past, we also issue letters before students final year began to let them know what they needed to take in the final year to be OK, but we dont do that anymore.

Stu

I definitely met with my chair person 2 years ago; he told me that I need 8 more courses at the intermediate level or higher in the last 2 years to be OK. So I am not sure what the problem is, I make sure I got these credits.

2.According to the registrar, what step is currently taken to ensure that students fulfill their graduation requirements?

●Academic records are regularly checked by the registrars office

●Students meet with a department chairperson to plan their course work

●Students receive letters listing the courses that they still need to take

●Warning letters are sent to students who have fallen behind in their course work

例3： TPO14 Conversation2當(dāng)中，學(xué)生想轉(zhuǎn)資訊專業(yè)，老師向其解釋學(xué)校并沒(méi)有設(shè)置資訊專業(yè)，且就讀資訊專業(yè)并不是要成為記者的必要條件。

Student:

Yeah anyway, I am glad you schedule this meeting because I want to change my

major to journalism now.

Advisor:

Um，the university doesnt offer a major in journalism.

Student:

Oh no

Advisor:

But.

Student:

I I mean should I transfer to another school, or major in English?

Advisor:

Er wait a minute. Let me explain why the major isnt offered. Editors at newspapers editors um I mean when you apply for a reporting job, editors look

at the two things(Q2)--- they want to see clips, you know, some of your published articles(Q3), though also want you to try out, though give you an assignment like covering press conferences of some other event, then see if you can craft the story about it, accurately, on dead line(Q3).

3. According to advisor, how do newspaper editors evaluate an applicant for a

reporting position?

Clickon 2 answers.

They ask the applicant to present ideas for news stories.

They ask the applicant to write a news story.

They review the applicants university course work.

They review a sample of the applicants published articles.

Lecture篇

在以答疑解惑為邏輯主線的lecture當(dāng)中，問(wèn)答原則的作用顯得尤為突出。無(wú)論是在討論型還是獨(dú)白型的lecture當(dāng)中，問(wèn)答情境出現(xiàn)的地方往往都是涉及課程主題重難點(diǎn)的重要信息，通常是老師針對(duì)學(xué)生的疑問(wèn)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡明的情境，因這些重要的概念與說(shuō)明往往圍繞上課主線展開(kāi)，故而也都是出題點(diǎn)密集分布的精華部分。

例1: TPO6 Lecture1 教授詢問(wèn)學(xué)生是否知道郁金香的原產(chǎn)地，在學(xué)生回答錯(cuò)誤之后，最終給出了正確的答案。

TPO-6 Lecture-1

Professor

Exactly. For instance, do you have any idea where tulips are from? Originally I

mean.

Student

Well, the Netherlands, right?

Professor

Thats what most people think, but no. They are not native to the Netherlands,

or even Europe. Tulips actually hail from an area that Chinese call the Celestial

Mountains in Central Asia.

8. According to the professor,where did tulips originate

● the mountains of central Asia

● the region around Istanbul in Turkey

● the sandy soils of the Netherlands

● the forests of northern Europe

例2： TPO6 Lecture4學(xué)生因?qū)淌诘囊惶幫评磉^(guò)程有疑，教授在解答學(xué)生疑問(wèn)的過(guò)程中，列舉了三個(gè)使推理成立的重要依據(jù)。

TPO-6 Lecture-4

Student

But how is that proved that the Sahara used to be a lot wetter? I mean the

people who painted those hippos, well, couldnt they have seen them on their

travels?

Professor

Okay, in principal they could, Karl. But the rock paintings arent the only

evidence. Beneath the Sahara are huge aquifers, basically a sea of fresh

water, thats perhaps a million years old filtered through rock layers.

Anderand then there is fossilized pollen, from low shrubs and grasses that

once grew in the Sahara. In fact these plants still grow, erbut hundreds of

miles away, in more vegetated areas. Anyway, its this fossilized pollen along

with the aquifers and the rock paintings, these three things are all evidence

that the Sahara was once much greener than it is today(Q13), that there were hippos

and probably elephants and giraffes and so on.

13.Not long ago, the Sahara had a different climate. What evidence does the professor mention to support this(3)

● Ancient pollen

● Bones from large animals

● Rock paintings

● Agriculture in ancient Egypt

● Underground water

例3： TPO15 Lecture4教授在課上解釋一本看起來(lái)平凡無(wú)奇的書(shū)在拍賣會(huì)上拍得天價(jià)的真實(shí)原因。

TPO-15 Lecture-3

Professor

But in 1998, a book of prayers from the Middle Ages(Q9) sold in an art auction for a lot of

money, more money than anyone would pay for a damaged book from the 12th century. Beautiful or not, why? It had been discovered that the book was a palimpsest, and beneath the surface writing on the manual script laid, guess what? Mathematical theorems and diagrams from Archimedes(Q9)

9. What type of book became known as the Archimedes palimpsest?

A history book.

A physics book.

A prayer book.

An artists book.