四級考試翻譯備考筆記(4)
任何語言都有語體之分,有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的,還有俚語、公文用語及術語等。文學作品中,作家通過不同的語體來刻畫人物的性格特征,更是常用的方法。翻譯時,必須審其雅俗,量其輕重,這樣,才能恰如其分地表達原文的精神。
詞義有感情色彩和語體色彩的不同。如死就有許多委婉的說法:
to expire 逝世 to pass away 與世長辭
to close ones day 壽終 to breathe ones last 斷氣
to go west 歸西天 to pay the debt of nature 了結塵緣
to depart to the world of shadows 命歸黃泉 to give up the ghost 見閻王
to kick the bucket 翹辮子 to kick up ones heels 蹬腿
又如懷孕也有許多委婉的說法:
She is having a baby. She is expecting.
She is in the family way. She is knitting little booties.
She is in a delicate condition. She is in an interesting condition.
又如警察:
policeman 正式用語 cop 美國口語
bobby 英國口語 nab 美國俚語