Since its foundation in 1954, the United Nations has written into its major covenants the need to establish minimum ages for marriage. But the custom of marriage is a highly sensitive cultural issue, mainly because it is so unpleasantly involved with womens rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage.

　　In the West, a 13-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married in ones late teens is not usually encouraged because married life is likely to interfere with a young womans education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female mortality in many countries.

　　Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adulthood. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries. It is argued that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people.

　　In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides. However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between families, villages and communities. And it doesnt only happen in countries which dont have a legal minimum age. In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21. Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married. There are obvious social and economical advantages for doing this: by marrying off their daughters early, families no longer have to provide for them ; and the younger the bride the smaller the dowry, or wedding price, demanded by the grooms family.

　　It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there dont tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, unless these real causes are addressed, it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a countrys governing body.

　　1. What is the topic of this passage?

　　A. Child brides.

　　B. Early marriages.

　　C. Minimum age for marriage.

　　D. Different attitudes towards early marriages.

　　2. The word promiscuity means__________.

　　A. unstable partnership B. firm partnership

　　C. diverse relationship D. single relationship

　　3. __________is likely to marry late.

　　A. Women from less educated background

　　B. Women from rural areas

　　C. Women from Islamic countries

　　D. Women from cities

　　4. Child marriages are NOT related to __________according to the passage.

　　A. social position B. rural customs

　　C. personal arrangements D. religion

　　5. According to the passage, getting married early does all of the following EXCEPT__________.

　　A. reducing a young womans education

　　B. limiting a young womans chances

　　C. causing infant death

　　D. doing harm to a young womans health

　　1.B 主旨題。本文列舉了許多國家法定的最小結婚年齡及造成早婚的原因，所以，這篇文章的主題應是關于早婚。

　　2.C 詞義猜測題。根據是第三段最后一句。

　　3.D 細節推斷題。文中第四段的第一句里有此線索，即In many countries, the trends of child brides.，由這句話判定D項是正確的。

　　4.A 判斷題。A項在本文中沒有提到，故A項為答案。

　　5.C 細節題。C項意為早育使嬰兒死亡，而C項在本文沒有提到。故C項為正確選項。

　　Since its foundation in 1954, the United Nations has written into its major covenants the need to establish minimum ages for marriage. But the custom of marriage is a highly sensitive cultural issue, mainly because it is so unpleasantly involved with womens rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage.

　　In the West, a 13-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married in ones late teens is not usually encouraged because married life is likely to interfere with a young womans education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female mortality in many countries.

　　Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adulthood. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries. It is argued that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people.

　　In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides. However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between families, villages and communities. And it doesnt only happen in countries which dont have a legal minimum age. In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21. Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married. There are obvious social and economical advantages for doing this: by marrying off their daughters early, families no longer have to provide for them ; and the younger the bride the smaller the dowry, or wedding price, demanded by the grooms family.

　　It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there dont tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, unless these real causes are addressed, it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a countrys governing body.

　　1. What is the topic of this passage?

　　A. Child brides.

　　B. Early marriages.

　　C. Minimum age for marriage.

　　D. Different attitudes towards early marriages.

　　2. The word promiscuity means__________.

　　A. unstable partnership B. firm partnership

　　C. diverse relationship D. single relationship

　　3. __________is likely to marry late.

　　A. Women from less educated background

　　B. Women from rural areas

　　C. Women from Islamic countries

　　D. Women from cities

　　4. Child marriages are NOT related to __________according to the passage.

　　A. social position B. rural customs

　　C. personal arrangements D. religion

　　5. According to the passage, getting married early does all of the following EXCEPT__________.

　　A. reducing a young womans education

　　B. limiting a young womans chances

　　C. causing infant death

　　D. doing harm to a young womans health

　　1.B 主旨題。本文列舉了許多國家法定的最小結婚年齡及造成早婚的原因，所以，這篇文章的主題應是關于早婚。

　　2.C 詞義猜測題。根據是第三段最后一句。

　　3.D 細節推斷題。文中第四段的第一句里有此線索，即In many countries, the trends of child brides.，由這句話判定D項是正確的。

　　4.A 判斷題。A項在本文中沒有提到，故A項為答案。

　　5.C 細節題。C項意為早育使嬰兒死亡，而C項在本文沒有提到。故C項為正確選項。