10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.（4+）

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞

　　譯文：該社會學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對美國黑人的歧視時，相對而言尚能適用，但他對種族偏見下的定義即以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對某個群體的消級的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀(jì)的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。解釋：本句長度驚人，插入部分比較長，再加上不乏抽象詞，以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個分鐘中，長長的插入語as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語his definition of racial prejudice的同位語，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語義難以理解，對讀者的詞匯功底要求較高。考試現(xiàn)場如無法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說的是其論點對美國黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該說其理論對華人和猶太人相對無用。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe.大

　　寶版權(quán)拒

　　11. Such variations in size，shape，chemistry，conduction speed，excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.（5）

　　難免類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　譯文：類似于這些已經(jīng)被在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中證明的在大小、形狀、化學(xué)過程、產(chǎn)生的速度、興奮閾值及其類似的方面上發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)他們被用來與大腦的體驗以可能的方式聯(lián)系起來的時候，他們在重要性上仍然是微不足道的。解釋：即使是初練難免的人其實也很熟悉such thing as something這樣的語言方式，可是當(dāng)中間的小東西thing居然變成了一個長達(dá)十二個單詞的大東西的時候，實在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底為哪方神圣。再加上以such as 為中心的長主語距離系動詞remain太遠(yuǎn)，更增加了本句的難度。請讀者反復(fù)閱讀，直到讀出這樣的感覺：順序閱讀原文時，原文似乎就是幾大塊，就好像是such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been deomnstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifld dimensions of mental experience.

　　12. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ; however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits .

　　有可能通過其他方法來證明神經(jīng)元種類間的細(xì)微的結(jié)構(gòu)差異；可是，這樣的證據(jù)是缺乏的，即神經(jīng)沖動的性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)是受這些差異影響的，而這些差異看起來卻能影響神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)育模式。

　　10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.（4+）

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞

　　譯文：該社會學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對美國黑人的歧視時，相對而言尚能適用，但他對種族偏見下的定義即以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對某個群體的消級的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀(jì)的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。解釋：本句長度驚人，插入部分比較長，再加上不乏抽象詞，以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個分鐘中，長長的插入語as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語his definition of racial prejudice的同位語，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語義難以理解，對讀者的詞匯功底要求較高。考試現(xiàn)場如無法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說的是其論點對美國黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該說其理論對華人和猶太人相對無用。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe.大

　　寶版權(quán)拒

　　11. Such variations in size，shape，chemistry，conduction speed，excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.（5）

　　難免類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　譯文：類似于這些已經(jīng)被在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中證明的在大小、形狀、化學(xué)過程、產(chǎn)生的速度、興奮閾值及其類似的方面上發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)他們被用來與大腦的體驗以可能的方式聯(lián)系起來的時候，他們在重要性上仍然是微不足道的。解釋：即使是初練難免的人其實也很熟悉such thing as something這樣的語言方式，可是當(dāng)中間的小東西thing居然變成了一個長達(dá)十二個單詞的大東西的時候，實在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底為哪方神圣。再加上以such as 為中心的長主語距離系動詞remain太遠(yuǎn)，更增加了本句的難度。請讀者反復(fù)閱讀，直到讀出這樣的感覺：順序閱讀原文時，原文似乎就是幾大塊，就好像是such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been deomnstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifld dimensions of mental experience.

　　12. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ; however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits .

　　有可能通過其他方法來證明神經(jīng)元種類間的細(xì)微的結(jié)構(gòu)差異；可是，這樣的證據(jù)是缺乏的，即神經(jīng)沖動的性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)是受這些差異影響的，而這些差異看起來卻能影響神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)育模式。