Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.During the 1950s and 1960s especially， increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization of higher mental 5 ， they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process.Some experts， who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds， 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8 .

　　These authorities 9 that meaning， being concerned with thinking， must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking， and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading.The reader， 12 some， is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads.

　　Many adults， although they have the ability to read， have never read a book in its 14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers.Clearly， the philosophy， objectives， methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16 and satisfactory definition， reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language， to interpret meaning for various 18 ， at various rates， and at various levels of difficulty， and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectively

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpediently

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand

　　答案與解析：

　　1.B

　　substantively 實質地 ;substantially 大量地 ;substitutively 可替代地 ;subjectively 主觀地 。本句意為經過幾個世紀，閱讀的概念已經改變了很多。

　　2.C

　　在這里to是介詞，后接名詞或動名詞。因本句中the reading process前也應有動詞，故選動名詞。

　　3.A

　　although表示 盡管 ，符合句意。

　　4.A

　　involve使卷入、包括;被動語態時用be involved in;沒有involve to和involve of的用法。

　　5.D

　　mental function智力活動。Opinion 意見 ;manner 行為 ;effect 影響 ，這三項與mental搭配不妥。

　　6.B

　　disagree about/on 對 有不同意見 ，在這一含義上不能用其他介詞。

　　7.A

　　view as把 看作。

　　8.D

　　stand for 代表 ;stand by 支持 ;stand to 遵守 ;stand off 冷淡 。

　　9.B

　　contend 爭論 ;content 含量、容量 ;contempt 輕視、蔑視 ;contact 接觸、聯系 。根據句意，此處應選contend，意為這些權威爭論說 。

　　10.A

　　inexplicably 無法解釋地 ;inextricably 無法擺脫的 ;inexpressibly 說不出地 ;inexpediently 不適當地、不明智地 。本句意為其他人堅持認為閱讀無法解釋地與思考聯系在一起。

　　11.A

　　interpreting 理解 ;explaining 解釋 。本句意為一個孩子能發出聲音而不理解所讀的含義，不能叫做真正的閱讀。

　　12.C

　　在這里according to some是說 根據一些人的觀點 。

　　13.D

　　actually 事實上地 ;practical是形容詞，不能修飾動詞。這里actually和前半句的theoretical是在詞意上的相對，符合句意。

　　14.B

　　代詞its后接名詞，四項選擇中只有B、D項是名詞。entirety 整體 ;entity 實體 。in its entirety指整體地、全面地。

　　15.C

　　be classified as 被劃分、被分類到 ;be granted 被授予 。

　　16.C

　　conclusive 確定的 ;inclusive 包括的、包圍的 ;inclinable 傾向于、贊成的 ;complicated 復雜的 。the most conclusive是最高級，指最確定性的。

　　17.D

　　unlock 解開、破譯 ;elaborate 詳細說明、論述 ;define 解釋、限定 ;break up 解散 。

　　18.A

　　for various purposes因為各種各樣的原因，與上下文相符。

　　19.C

　　此處用副詞so修飾widely.

　　20.B

　　根據文意，此處要作總結，選in short 總之 。By the way順便說，So far到目前為止，on the other hand另一方面。

　　Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries.During the 1950s and 1960s especially， increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization of higher mental 5 ， they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process.Some experts， who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds， 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8 .

　　These authorities 9 that meaning， being concerned with thinking， must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking， and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading.The reader， 12 some， is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads.

　　Many adults， although they have the ability to read， have never read a book in its 14 .By some expert they would not be 15 as readers.Clearly， the philosophy， objectives， methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most 16 and satisfactory definition， reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language， to interpret meaning for various 18 ， at various rates， and at various levels of difficulty， and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

　　1.A.substantively B.substantially C.substitutively D.subjectively

　　2.A.define and describe B.definition and description

　　C.defining and describing D.have defined and described

　　3.A.Although B.If C.Unless D.Until

　　4.A.involves B.involves to C.is involved D.involves of

　　5.A.opinions B.effects C.manners D.functions

　　6.A.of B.about C.for D.into

　　7.A.view B.look C.reassure D.agree

　　8.A.by B.to C.off D.for

　　9.A.content B.contend C.contempt D.contact

　　10.A.inexplicably B.inexpressibly C.inextricably D.inexpediently

　　11.A.interpreting B.saying C.explaining D.reading

　　12.A.like B.for example C.according to D.as

　　13.A.sometimes B.might C.practical D.actually

　　14.A.entire B.entirety C.entirely D.entity

　　15.A.classed B.granted C.classified D.graded

　　16.A.inclusive B.inclinable C.conclusive D.complicated

　　17.A.break up B.elaborate C.define D.unlock

　　18.A.purposes B.degrees C.stages D.steps

　　19.A.such B.so as C.so D.such as

　　20.A.By the way B.In short C.So far D.On the other hand

　　答案與解析：

　　1.B

　　substantively 實質地 ;substantially 大量地 ;substitutively 可替代地 ;subjectively 主觀地 。本句意為經過幾個世紀，閱讀的概念已經改變了很多。

　　2.C

　　在這里to是介詞，后接名詞或動名詞。因本句中the reading process前也應有動詞，故選動名詞。

　　3.A

　　although表示 盡管 ，符合句意。

　　4.A

　　involve使卷入、包括;被動語態時用be involved in;沒有involve to和involve of的用法。

　　5.D

　　mental function智力活動。Opinion 意見 ;manner 行為 ;effect 影響 ，這三項與mental搭配不妥。

　　6.B

　　disagree about/on 對 有不同意見 ，在這一含義上不能用其他介詞。

　　7.A

　　view as把 看作。

　　8.D

　　stand for 代表 ;stand by 支持 ;stand to 遵守 ;stand off 冷淡 。

　　9.B

　　contend 爭論 ;content 含量、容量 ;contempt 輕視、蔑視 ;contact 接觸、聯系 。根據句意，此處應選contend，意為這些權威爭論說 。

　　10.A

　　inexplicably 無法解釋地 ;inextricably 無法擺脫的 ;inexpressibly 說不出地 ;inexpediently 不適當地、不明智地 。本句意為其他人堅持認為閱讀無法解釋地與思考聯系在一起。

　　11.A

　　interpreting 理解 ;explaining 解釋 。本句意為一個孩子能發出聲音而不理解所讀的含義，不能叫做真正的閱讀。

　　12.C

　　在這里according to some是說 根據一些人的觀點 。

　　13.D

　　actually 事實上地 ;practical是形容詞，不能修飾動詞。這里actually和前半句的theoretical是在詞意上的相對，符合句意。

　　14.B

　　代詞its后接名詞，四項選擇中只有B、D項是名詞。entirety 整體 ;entity 實體 。in its entirety指整體地、全面地。

　　15.C

　　be classified as 被劃分、被分類到 ;be granted 被授予 。

　　16.C

　　conclusive 確定的 ;inclusive 包括的、包圍的 ;inclinable 傾向于、贊成的 ;complicated 復雜的 。the most conclusive是最高級，指最確定性的。

　　17.D

　　unlock 解開、破譯 ;elaborate 詳細說明、論述 ;define 解釋、限定 ;break up 解散 。

　　18.A

　　for various purposes因為各種各樣的原因，與上下文相符。

　　19.C

　　此處用副詞so修飾widely.

　　20.B

　　根據文意，此處要作總結，選in short 總之 。By the way順便說，So far到目前為止，on the other hand另一方面。