四級閱讀理解訓練筆記：實驗型文章的做題方法
3、抓住實驗結果：實驗結果-----直接結果和實驗結論
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
21. The purpose of George Spilichs experiments is _________.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory
22. George Spilichs experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
23. The word bested most probably means ________.
A) beat B) envied
C) caught up with D) made the best of
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
注：1.concentrate 集中注意力 2.第一段交待實驗對象，實驗目的
In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple tests smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
注：第一句實驗過程即細節，應該速讀，第二句實驗結果
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine , active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
注：1.第一句實驗細節 2.stimulation 刺激
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
注：committe=do (壞事) commite a crime
The fourth test required people to read a passage,
then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
注：1.首句為實驗過程
2.第二句為實驗結果，作比較，可簡寫為 Nonsmoker remembered more than active smoker
3.劃線的部分指的是active smoker. 即deprived smoker bested active smoker
4.best v. 勝過
23. The word bested most probably means ________.
A) beat B) envied
C) caught up with D) made the best of
注：詞匯題，根據第5段末句的意思可推斷為A選項。
As our tests became more complex. Sums up Spilich, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.
注：1.by wide margin 差距大 margine 差距;頁邊空白處，利潤
2.perform 執行，表演
3.末句為重要句：
尤其是末句出現轉折時或者末句為結論時。本句出現了but
4.mental 思維的，精神的 mental capacity 思維能力
25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
注：1.此題為推理題，選項的特點為文章相應內容的同義改寫
2.根據選項定位最后一段末句，重點在but后面
3.prove unequal to 無法勝任，D項為but后的同義改寫
4.C選項首先是過度推理，其次no+n.為絕對語氣詞，通常為干擾，帶有可能性語氣詞的選項通常為優選
As our tests became more complex. Sums up Spilich, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.
21. The purpose of George Spilich s experiments is _________.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory
注：實驗目的題，A 項為第一段實驗目的同義改寫，B,C 項為吸煙的負面影響與文中意思相反
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
22. George Spilich s experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
注：1.題目中沒有具體指出是哪一個實驗，所以就是針對所有提到的實驗來說。
2.A 涉及文章倒數第二段的實驗。
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
3.C 涉及文章第三段的實驗。
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine , active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
4.D 選項也只涉及文章中某一個實驗。
23. The word bested most probably means ________.
A) beat B) envied
C) caught up with D) made the best of
注：詞匯題，根據第5段末句的意思可推斷為A選項。
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
3、抓住實驗結果：實驗結果-----直接結果和實驗結論
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
21. The purpose of George Spilichs experiments is _________.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory
22. George Spilichs experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
23. The word bested most probably means ________.
A) beat B) envied
C) caught up with D) made the best of
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
注：1.concentrate 集中注意力 2.第一段交待實驗對象，實驗目的
In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple tests smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
注：第一句實驗過程即細節，應該速讀，第二句實驗結果
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine , active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
注：1.第一句實驗細節 2.stimulation 刺激
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
注：committe=do (壞事) commite a crime
The fourth test required people to read a passage,
then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
注：1.首句為實驗過程
2.第二句為實驗結果，作比較，可簡寫為 Nonsmoker remembered more than active smoker
3.劃線的部分指的是active smoker. 即deprived smoker bested active smoker
4.best v. 勝過
23. The word bested most probably means ________.
A) beat B) envied
C) caught up with D) made the best of
注：詞匯題，根據第5段末句的意思可推斷為A選項。
As our tests became more complex. Sums up Spilich, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.
注：1.by wide margin 差距大 margine 差距;頁邊空白處，利潤
2.perform 執行，表演
3.末句為重要句：
尤其是末句出現轉折時或者末句為結論時。本句出現了but
4.mental 思維的，精神的 mental capacity 思維能力
25. We can infer from the last paragraph that _________.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handling emergency cases
注：1.此題為推理題，選項的特點為文章相應內容的同義改寫
2.根據選項定位最后一段末句，重點在but后面
3.prove unequal to 無法勝任，D項為but后的同義改寫
4.C選項首先是過度推理，其次no+n.為絕對語氣詞，通常為干擾，帶有可能性語氣詞的選項通常為優選
As our tests became more complex. Sums up Spilich, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins, He predicts, smokers might perform adequately at many jobs - until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.
21. The purpose of George Spilich s experiments is _________.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory
注：實驗目的題，A 項為第一段實驗目的同義改寫，B,C 項為吸煙的負面影響與文中意思相反
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
22. George Spilich s experiment was conducted in such a way as to _________.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
注：1.題目中沒有具體指出是哪一個實驗，所以就是針對所有提到的實驗來說。
2.A 涉及文章倒數第二段的實驗。
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Nonsmokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
3.C 涉及文章第三段的實驗。
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine , active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
4.D 選項也只涉及文章中某一個實驗。
23. The word bested most probably means ________.
A) beat B) envied
C) caught up with D) made the best of
注：詞匯題，根據第5段末句的意思可推斷為A選項。
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
